Analysis Of Structural Systems Research Articles

Technique of functional simulation as a tool for providing the required quality of fortified bakery products

Relevance. The problem of irrational and unbalanced nutrition is relevant for almost all regions of Russia. There is a need to enrich everyday products with micronutrients that are of particular importance in the diet. Fortified bread and bakery products with specified consumer properties in the diet can be one of such valuable products.Methods. The methodology of structural analysis and design of systems (Structured Analysis and Design Technique, SADT) is often used in life cycle management of complex high-tech products and has not found wide application in the food industry. The authors substantiate the need to introduce tools for functional and graphical modeling of business processes that implement the SADT methodology in life cycle management to ensure the quality of finished bakery products.Results. An original generalized functional and logical model of the process “To produce enriched bread (bakery products) with regionally significant micronutrients” has been developed. The analysis of the technology of enriched bakery products, carried out at various levels of decomposition of the process, revealed that the quality of the finished product is significantly influenced by the choice of the technological stage of applying the components of the mixture proposed for the enriching composition. It has been established that preference should be given to organic forms of additives — components of the enriching composition. To preserve the nutritional properties of bakery products, an enriching composition is proposed to be applied to the surface of the finished product. The proposed method has been tested in experimental production conditions. Its manufacturability and controllability of the proposed technical solutions are proved. The approach to functional and graphical modeling of food technologies developed by the authors on the example of bakery products opens up prospects for improving the quality of finished products and can be widely used in food engineering.

Strategic challenges in retail sales

The outbreak of a full-scale war has shaken up the domestic economy, including the retail sector, which performs important tasks for the state. This was a significant blow to the country, as the retail sector is one of the largest emp­loyers in many countries around the world. It also contributes to the overall growth of production and economic develop­ment in general, generates significant tax revenues, etc. However, despite the continuation of martial law, the retail sector is working to normalize processes and adapt to future challenges. For these reasons, the hypothesis is formulated that current trends should meet the challenges of retail, compensate for losses through new approaches and solutions. To achieve this hypo­thesis, general scientific and special research methods such as analysis and synthesis, system-structural analysis and generalization were used. The key strategic challenges for modern retailers, such as climate change, staff shortages, pressure on supply chains, and martial law in Ukraine, are investigated. It is found that the main trends in the market are aimed at digitalizing the work of companies, their optimization, to create a comfortable environ­ment that can meet the needs of the modern consumer. Modern retailers should work not only on the quality of products and services, but also on the brand and policy, which should intersect with the current values of consumers. Such trends can reduce the impact of negative phenomena on the work of trade enterprises, as they are able to reduce losses and the need to attract new employees. It was found that the nearest forecasts are related to the introduction of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies in retail operations, the expansion of the influence of companies in the virtual environment, and the personalization of products for certain categories of the population. The conducted research makes it possible to characterize the retail of the future, to determine what features a modern business should possess in order to remain competitive on the market.

System fragility analysis of highway bridge using multi-output Gaussian process regression surrogate model

This study presents a multi-output Gaussian process regression (GPR) surrogate model for seismic-fragility analysis of bridge structural systems. Multi-output GPR can model the correlations among multiple outputs, accuracy and stability are achieved with fewer training data, which reduces the computational cost of fragility analysis. Furthermore, the explainability of the constructed surrogate model is implemented by adopting an automatic relevance-determination (ARD) kernel in the GPR. The estimated hyperparameters can provide the contribution of the uncertainty of each input parameter to the outputs. The fragility analysis using the multi-output GPR surrogate model was verified by applying it to a seismic isolation highway bridge with multiple spans and a curved geometry. The effectiveness of the multi-output GPR was demonstrated by the construction of an accurate and stable surrogate model with 46 inputs and 28 outputs. The relative contributions of the uncertainties to the structural properties and input earthquake loads could also be understood. The fragility curves, at both the component and system levels, were appropriately obtained using a sufficient number of samples in a Monte Carlo calculation. Furthermore, the failure modes were evaluated, identifying which structural components contributed to the system failure. This enabled discussions on structural system failures from the viewpoint of the structural dynamic characteristics of the bridge and earthquake-load properties.

Фактори активізації соціальних інвестицій бізнесу в Україні та Польщі

Introduction. Contemporary global challenges affect the development of business and the startup ecosystem around the world. In particular, the increase in geopolitical risks due to the full-scale war in Ukraine actualizes the issue of social investments of business. However, these processes have a different nature in different countries. For example, in Poland, social entrepreneurship is aimed at facilitating public access to social services, using new technologies and artificial intelligence for digitalization and increasing business competitiveness. An ecosystem of high-tech startups and social entrepreneurship is being formed at the state level. At the same time, in times of full-scale war in Ukraine, social investment of businesses has become especially important. A new approach to doing business is being formed, according to which startups develop not only new technologies but also support social and humanitarian initiatives. Problem Statement. Assessing the factors of social investment activation on the example of Ukrainian and Polish businesses. The purpose is to identify and evaluate the key factors influencing the development and efficiency of social investments in Polish and Ukrainian business. Methods. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: scientific abstraction and epistemological (content) analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies and systematization, system-structural analysis, expert evaluation method, index method and grouping method. Results. The levels of manifestations and possibilities of activation of social investments at different levels, which is based on SDG standards (a combination of environmental, social and public management principles), which create the basis for sustainable development and growth in the world, have been studied. National economies and individual businesses incorporate ESG principles into their development strategies. Compliance with these principles is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of involved investments. The specifics of state policy in the context of the development of social investments, trends in the development of business and startups in Ukraine and Poland, and successful cases of the implementation of social business projects are analyzed. The conducted analysis made it possible to single out the factors of activation of social investments of business in both countries at the global, state and business levels. Conclusions. Today's challenges require a change in business priorities. Even high-tech startups are revising their development strategies in terms of social investments, activities in accordance with ESG principles. At the global level, factors for the activation of social business investments are common to Ukraine and Poland. At the state level, it is possible to distinguish common groups of factors of business activation in Ukraine and Poland, which have different manifestations for each of the countries. Business representatives demonstrate different approaches to social investments: Polish companies actively integrate corporate volunteering, educational and cultural projects into development strategies, while in Ukraine social entrepreneurship is associated with the need to restore social infrastructure, rehabilitation and integration of these groups into public life.

Fatigue strength reliability assessment of turbofan blades subjected to intake disturbances based on the improved kriging model

This paper aims to develop an efficient and precise reliability analysis method to enhance the numerical prediction accuracy for complex structures. Kriging, an implicit surrogate model, used to address highly nonlinear and complex problems. In this study, genetic algorithms (GA) are utilized to optimize the parameters of the Kriging model, which is then integrated with a distributed collaborative strategy to introduce the Genetic Algorithm Optimized Distributed Collaborative Kriging Model (DCGAK). Using the CFM56-fan blade as a case study, the impact of intake disturbances at the engine inlet is evaluated to assess the fatigue strength reliability of the blade. Comparison with different mathematical models demonstrates that the prediction accuracy of DCGAK closely aligns with the Monte Carlo sampling results, suggesting promising prospects for its application in numerical prediction and reliability analysis. This approach enriches the current methods for structural reliability analysis of complex mechanical systems.

Machine tool systems structural characterization, energy transfer, and evolution analysis of milling Ti6Al4V considering cutting vibration

Machine tool systems structural characterization, energy transfer, and evolution analysis of milling Ti6Al4V considering cutting vibration

Понятие и признаки правовой системы общества как динамичной и нелинейно развивающейся структуры

The article is devoted to the study of the key features of the legal system of society, which characterize it as a nonlinear, dynamically developing, complexly organized form of coexistence of legal phenomena, through which the impact on social relations is carried out. Based on the study of the key stages in the formation of the legal system as one of the most important categories of jurisprudence and its elemental composition, the thesis is substantiated that the most important features of a legal system should include its ability to self-organize, adaptability, emergence, alternative development, relative self-sufficiency and autonomy in constant active interaction with other social systems. The conclusion is formulated that the legal system of society is both an object of research and an analytical instrument that should be used when carrying out a systemic-structural analysis of social phenomena and processes.

A sandwich-type Winkler-Pasternak double elastic foundation beam model for analysis of nut column load transfer systems of shiplifts

The rack and pinion shiflifts feature its capability of fortification against extreme accidents of unbalance of ship chamber. This requires the load transfer systems of nut columns to be able to transfer the huge and centralized loads from the safety mechanisms to the tower columns in a distributive bearing way. Aiming at exploring a design-oriented computation method for the nut column load transfer systems (NCLTSs), a sandwich-type semi-infinite coupling Winkler-Pasternak double elastic foundation beam model (DEFBM) has been established, with a distributive assumption of the axial constrain force on the interfaces between the nut columns, mortar beds, adjusting beams and the second stage concrete based on the physical model test, has been proposed. A set of formulars for describing the distribution of deflections, internal forces and stress of nut columns and adjusting beams have been derived. A case study of the Three-Gorges shiplift has been conducted to demonstrate the approach of calculation of internal forces and stress by applying the formulas based on sandwich-type Winkler-Pasternak DEFBM, showing the convenience and rationality of the method to parametric layout design of the nut columns and adjusting beams in NCLTSs. Not only to NCLTSs and rack load transfer systems of shiplifts, the sandwich-type Winkler-Pasternak DEFBM also supplies the reference to the modeling and analysis of the rail-embedment structural systems broadly applied in hydraulic engineering.

An improved sequential importance sampling method for structural reliability analysis of high dimensional problems

Reliability analysis for rare events has proven to be a significant challenge, particularly in non-linear and complex scenarios. Despite the effectiveness of Sequential Importance Sampling (SIS) and Subset Simulation (SUS) in addressing high-dimensional small failure probability problems, the computational burden associated with mechanical simulations for complex structures remains substantial. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel approach referred to as SIS and Kriging Metamodel Integration (SISAK), designed for computing small failure probabilities in high dimensions. This method involves generating a small number of samples from the original distribution to construct an adaptive metamodel, which is then iteratively optimized using a series of intermediate distributions introduced by SIS. By substituting the function for intermediate distributions with a continuously optimized metamodel, the enhanced approach significantly reduces the computational load associated with mechanical model evaluations compared to the direct use of SIS. This approach does not depend on determining the most probable failure point and does not require consideration of the failure domain shape. Additionally, it inherits the advantages of SIS in addressing high-dimensional small failure probabilities, making it well-suited for structural reliability analysis of nonlinear systems, discontinuous failure domains, cascading functions, and high-dimensional problems.

Improved State-Space Approach Based on Lumped Mass Matrix for Transient Analysis of Large-Scale Locally Nonlinear Structures

Due to the assumption of acceleration variation in traditional step-by-step integration methods such as Newmark, sufficiently small time steps are required to ensure numerical stability and accuracy in dynamic systems. In contrast, the state-space approach, based on piecewise interpolation of discrete load functions, does not rely on predetermined acceleration assumptions and has demonstrated high efficiency in terms of stability and accuracy. The original state-space method requires the calculation of the inverse of the structural mass in the transition matrix. However, when a lumped mass matrix is used, this computation renders the entire mass matrix singular, resulting in an invalid solution expression. To address this issue, this study proposes an improved state-space approach for the transient analysis of large-scale structural systems with local nonlinearities. In this approach, a nonlinear force corrector is introduced as an external force term applied to the linear elastic system to account for the nonlinear behavior of locally yielding components. Consequently, the original nonlinear dynamic system can be transformed into an equivalent linear elastic transient system. Furthermore, based on the lumped mass matrix, a first-order ordinary differential state-space equation for such an equivalent linear elastic transient system is derived. Simulation results from three transient system examples show that the state-space approach outperforms the Newmark method in terms of accuracy and stability for dynamic systems characterized by high frequency and low damping. The prediction results show that the state-space approach appears to be insignificantly affected by the choice of the consistent or lumped mass matrix. The numerical results show that the root-mean-square errors between the consistent and lumped matrices in the top displacement time histories of a 15-storey plane frame under various seismic intensities are all less than 1%, and in the base reaction time histories responses the discrepancies are only about 0.5%, indicating that the use of lumped mass matrices is quite reliable. When many nodes or degrees of freedom have no assigned mass, the dimensionality of the state-space equation can be significantly reduced using the lumped mass approach. Therefore, the simulation of large-scale systems can be simplified by employing the improved state-space approach with lumped mass matrices, yielding results nearly identical to those obtained using traditional methods. In conclusion, the improved state-space approach has great potential for the simulation of transient behavior in large-scale systems with local nonlinearities.

Advancing Single-Particle Analysis in Synthetic Chemical Systems: A Forward-Looking Discussion.

Single-particle analysis (SPA) is a fundamental method of cryo-electron microscopy developed to resolve the structures of biological macromolecules. This method has seen significant success in structural biology, yet its potential applications in synthetic chemical systems remain underexplored. In this perspective article, SPA and associated electron microscopy techniques are first briefly introduced. It is then proposed that SPA is well-suited for structural analysis of chemical systems where discrete, identical macromolecules can be readily obtained. Applicable systems include various clusters such as coinage metal clusters, metal-oxo/sulfur clusters, metal-organic clusters, and supramolecular compounds like coordination cages and metallo-supramolecular cages. When high-quality large single crystals are unattainable, SPA provides an alternative method for determining their structures. Beyond these end products, it is suggested that SPA can be instrumental in studying synthetic intermediates of materials with specific building units, such as metal-organic frameworks and zeolites. Given that various intermediates coexist in the reaction system, a purification step is necessary before conducting SPA, which can be facilitated by soft-landing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Структурно-семантичні особливості ідіом з колірними компонентами в англомовному діловому дискурсі

In recent years, the study of language has evolved to explore the intricate nuances that shape our communication. One fascinating aspect of language is the use of idioms, which enable speakers to convey emotions indirectly through metaphorical expression. Although idioms enrich language and enhance its expressiveness and vividness, they often cause difficulties for people learning English. Among the myriad of idioms, those related to colours stand out as vibrant and captivating elements of linguistic diversity. Colour is an objective quality of the material world, encoded by language signs into a diverse array of information. Colour schemes and their designations are universal elements of the larger colour symbolic system, composed of multiple subsystems each with their own function and structure. As carriers of information about the surrounding world, colour designations are meaningful topics for cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguistic, and cultural studies. Understanding the structural and semantic features of colour idioms is essential for unravelling the intricate threads that make up effective communication, especially in the context of business discourse. The purpose of this paper is to delve into the semantic and structural features of colour idioms used in English business discourse. General methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, classification), theoretical methods (system analysis), graphical, as well as methods of logical, system-structural analysis and connections, comparative and dialectical approaches have been used. Results. Colour symbolism, like any other, is based on the peculiarities of the human psyche, on various associations, which are based on everyday human experience, fed by mythological, religious and aesthetic views. Examining business idioms with the colour component we can say that the semantics of this component often differ from the semantics of the same colour name in free use. The meanings of different colours in business idioms were scrutinized. A detailed analysis was also carried out and a certain proportion of idioms was determined by structures and colours, and the corresponding diagrams were given. The study shows the prevalence of the blue colour (17%), followed by black (15%), red and white (13% each). The yellow colour appears to be less utilized, constituting only 2% of the analysed idioms. The analysis of the syntactic characteristics of colour idioms has shown the dominance of nominal idioms (80%), followed by verbal idioms (10%) with adjectival making up 6% and the adverbial being represented by 1 lexical unit (4%). The originality of this article lies in the study of the symbolism of colours in terms of their use in business phraseological units, and a detailed structural and semantic analysis of colour idioms used in business discourse. Conclusion. The study underscores the significance of colour idioms within the business vocabulary, emphasizing their relevance. Proficiency in these expressions not only enriches one's linguistic repertoire but also enhances communication skills. Business idioms are an important segment in the business vocabulary. Colour idioms occupy a large share in business phraseology, the study of which requires further research.

Systematic analysis of Intelligent retail system structure and its optimization

Systematic analysis of Intelligent retail system structure and its optimization

Seismic-Resistant Design Regulations for Structures, Earthquake and Experimental Results Lessons

The Mexico City earthquakes of September 19, 1985, and September 19, 2017, showed that the seismic requirements for these earthquakes exceeded those specified in the Mexico City building code. This study illustrates limitations in current procedures for the seismic analysis of structures. The Uncertainties in the assessment of seismic design requirements and limitations in the seismic analysis of structural systems indicate that the lateral strength specified in building codes is not sufficient and that structures must have lateral deformation capacity. It follows that structural systems with low or intermediate ductility, such as those allowed in the Mexico City Building Code (MCBC, 2017), would not be desirable for resisting strong earthquakes. The last part of this work shows computed story drifts in buildings with different structural systems, either based on frames or using structural walls. This study compares story drifts in these structural systems for both using the seismic demands specified by MCBC 2017 and for the seismic demands corresponding to the September 19, 2017, earthquake in Mexico City. The results for these story drifts show the importance of rigid structural systems for reducing story drift demands, not only for avoiding collapse in strong earthquakes but also for significantly reducing building damage.

Design optimization and failure analysis of natural composite sandwich T-joints under pulling load conditions

This paper presents a structural analysis of composite sandwich T-joint systems respond to pulling loads. A finite element (FE) model of the T-joint structure was created with four geometrical models, and three different materials were used to compare the design and identify the failure locations. The stress-critical regions were identified within and beneath the Stringers, which are responsible for connecting the base and web panels and transferring loads. The FEA studies showed that T-joint fails due to high shear stress in the stringer, base panel (flange), web, and bolted joint areas. The combination of shear and tensile stress in the adhesive layer between the composite base panel and the stringers lead to failure. Furthermore, incorporating a circular hole in the web panel near the joint resulted in an 11.8 % reduction of failure load. Due to the intricate stress distribution and geometric variations in these joints, premature failure can occur. Therefore, meticulous attention is essential for wing structures at spar joints, especially under extreme load conditions. Despite the complex manufacturing process, the present conventional T-joint design is extremely effective. However, other designs for low-cost manufacturing were proposed and evaluated. The investigation determined that the sandwich structure exhibits a shear stress of 28.88 MPa and von Mises stresses of 57.75 MPa. These values are higher than those observed in design cases 1 and 2. Therefore, design case 3 is suitable for aeronautical applications.

Optimization and analysis of battery thermal management system structure based on flat heat pipes and biomimetic fins

As one of the key components of electric vehicles, the enhancement of the performance of the power battery is closely intertwined with an efficient Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS). In the realm of BTMS, Flat Heat Pipes (FHP) have garnered considerable attention due to their lightweight structure and excellent thermal conductivity. Thus, a BTMS configuration scheme based on FHP is proposed in this study. Utilizing orthogonal design and fuzzy grey relational analysis as the evaluation methods, coupled with numerical simulations, an investigation into the influence of four structural parameters of the novel biomimetic fins (namely, the diameter, height, spacing of protrusions, and height of cooling fins) on the temperature distribution of the battery pack is conducted. The research findings indicate that to maintain the battery within an optimal operational temperature range, the optimal dimensional parameters should be controlled at 17.5 mm, 4 mm, 13 mm, and 90 mm, respectively. Subsequent sensitivity analysis reveals that the height of the protrusions exhibits the most significant influence on the maximum temperature of the module, whereas the height of the cooling fins exerts a considerable impact on the consistency of the module temperature. The optimized maximum temperature is determined to be 36.52 °C, with a temperature difference of 2.65 °C.

Toward Sustainable Architecture: Structural Analysis and Energy Efficiency of Vertical Sun Control Systems

Toward Sustainable Architecture: Structural Analysis and Energy Efficiency of Vertical Sun Control Systems

A novel null-hypothesis approximation method of limit state function in multi-failure mode reliability analysis of structural system

A novel null-hypothesis approximation method of limit state function in multi-failure mode reliability analysis of structural system

PSDM: A parametrized structural dynamic modeling method based on digital twin for performance prediction

Digital twin (DT) technology is a powerful tool that accurately represents physical entities and provides real-time monitoring and reliability analysis capabilities for decision-makers and managers. However, modeling complex systems in structural health monitoring using DTs can be repetitive and tedious with existing approaches. To address these issues, we propose a new approach called the Parametrized Structural Dynamic Modeling(PSDM) method. This approach effectively parametrizes dynamic systems in structural health monitoring by leveraging Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to represent and analyze complex structural behaviors. It also incorporates model reduction and kernel functions. By integrating physics-based insights and advanced modeling methodologies, the PSDM method aims to bridge the gap between the physical and digital domains, enabling accurate and efficient analysis of complex structural systems. To verify its accuracy and efficiency, we apply the PSDM method to two engineering cases: the wing cantilever beam and the telehandler boom. The results demonstrate that the online computational cost of the PSDM method is lower than Finite Element Methods (FEM), thereby improving the computational efficiency of DT modeling technology for complex-large structures. Thus, this research presents a feasible method for implementing structural reliability analysis for engineering equipment.

On group-theoretic eigenvalue vibration analysis of structural systems with C6v symmetry

In considerations of the linear vibration of symmetric systems, group theory allows the space of the eigenvalue problem to be decomposed into independent subspaces that are spanned by symmetry-adapted freedoms. These problems usually feature one or more degenerate subspaces (i.e. subspaces that contain repeating solutions). For such subspaces, the associated idempotents, as calculated from the character table of the symmetry group, are not capable of full decomposition of the subspace. In this paper, and based on group theory, simple algebraic operators that fully decompose the two degenerate subspaces of structural problems belonging to the C6v symmetry group are proposed. The operators are applied to the vibration of a spring-mass system, for which the results for natural frequencies are found to agree exactly with results from the literature. Their application to the vibration of a hexagonal plane grid reveals new insights on the character of the modes of degenerate subspaces. The overall conclusion is that, for problems belonging to the C6v symmetry group, the proposed operators allow the mixed modes of degenerate subspaces to be separated into two distinct symmetry categories, and are very effective in simplifying the actual computation of the repeating eigenvalues of these subspaces.