Analysis Of Structural Systems Research Articles

PSDM: A parametrized structural dynamic modeling method based on digital twin for performance prediction

Digital twin (DT) technology is a powerful tool that accurately represents physical entities and provides real-time monitoring and reliability analysis capabilities for decision-makers and managers. However, modeling complex systems in structural health monitoring using DTs can be repetitive and tedious with existing approaches. To address these issues, we propose a new approach called the Parametrized Structural Dynamic Modeling(PSDM) method. This approach effectively parametrizes dynamic systems in structural health monitoring by leveraging Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to represent and analyze complex structural behaviors. It also incorporates model reduction and kernel functions. By integrating physics-based insights and advanced modeling methodologies, the PSDM method aims to bridge the gap between the physical and digital domains, enabling accurate and efficient analysis of complex structural systems. To verify its accuracy and efficiency, we apply the PSDM method to two engineering cases: the wing cantilever beam and the telehandler boom. The results demonstrate that the online computational cost of the PSDM method is lower than Finite Element Methods (FEM), thereby improving the computational efficiency of DT modeling technology for complex-large structures. Thus, this research presents a feasible method for implementing structural reliability analysis for engineering equipment.

On group-theoretic eigenvalue vibration analysis of structural systems with C6v symmetry

In considerations of the linear vibration of symmetric systems, group theory allows the space of the eigenvalue problem to be decomposed into independent subspaces that are spanned by symmetry-adapted freedoms. These problems usually feature one or more degenerate subspaces (i.e. subspaces that contain repeating solutions). For such subspaces, the associated idempotents, as calculated from the character table of the symmetry group, are not capable of full decomposition of the subspace. In this paper, and based on group theory, simple algebraic operators that fully decompose the two degenerate subspaces of structural problems belonging to the C6v symmetry group are proposed. The operators are applied to the vibration of a spring-mass system, for which the results for natural frequencies are found to agree exactly with results from the literature. Their application to the vibration of a hexagonal plane grid reveals new insights on the character of the modes of degenerate subspaces. The overall conclusion is that, for problems belonging to the C6v symmetry group, the proposed operators allow the mixed modes of degenerate subspaces to be separated into two distinct symmetry categories, and are very effective in simplifying the actual computation of the repeating eigenvalues of these subspaces.

Water resources of the Podilia region and their use

Purpose. To analyze the state of water resources of the Podilsk region and the territorial features of water use in order to optimize their use. Methods. Methods of system-structural analysis, statistical, cartographic, modeling. Rresults. The current state and peculiarities of the use of water resources in the territory of the administrative districts of the Podilsk region were analyzed according to the indicators of total water intake from natural water bodies, the use of fresh water in general and the sectoral structure of water use. The main consumers of water resources in the region are industrial enterprises and housing and communal services. The largest share of underground water intake is in Ternopil Oblast, and the smallest in Vinnytsia, which is related to natural reserves of underground water. The largest volumes of water intake from natural water bodies and the use of fresh water are observed in the Khmelnytskyi region, and the smallest - in the Ternopil region. The analysis of the dynamics of water use indicators over the period 2020-2022 determined a decrease in the volume of water intake, especially in 2022, in all regions of the region. The largest share of water is used in the regions of the region for production needs. Conclusions. The dynamics of water consumption in all regions of the region has a tendency to decrease the volume of water intake. There are certain differences in the amount of surface and underground water intake. For many administrative districts and territorial communities, the problem of rational use of water resources is relevant.

Development of Large-scale Bending and Torsional Test Rig Using Strong Floor Anchorage System for Structural Analysis

Development of Large-scale Bending and Torsional Test Rig Using Strong Floor Anchorage System for Structural Analysis

Implementasi Structured System Analysis and Design Method pada Sistem Informasi Retribusi Pasar

Mojopanggung market is a traditional market located in mojopanggung sub-district, giri sub-district, banyuwangi regency. Based on the field survey, there are problems with the data processing system for market retribution income reports managed by market treasurers who stell have a conventional approach in processing payment data recorded in books and microsoft excel. This results in the current system having many weaknesses and limitations, increasing the risk of data loss. In addition, providing information to recapitulation officers in the field of market management becomes difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to design a website-based market levy income information system, which can handle problems that arise, where the system can be used to monitor market levy income report data, as well as facilitate the provision of information to recapitulation officers in the field of market management the design of a website-based market levy income information system was built by applying the structured system analysis and design method (SSADM). From the results of research that has been carried out, every company or government agency is encouraged to utilize information technology as a means of supporting business activities. A part from that, designing a website-based market levy income information system is very necessary and needed, in order to make it easier to provide information related to market traders’ dependents, as well as reporting levy income results and activities for monitoring data, so that in can produce levy income report data more easily and effectively

Codes of Professional Ethics in the System of Regulation of Corporate Relations

Introduction. The article presents a study of the feasibility of having corporate codes of ethics in corporations that have different statutory goals, examines questions about the correlation between business and moral rules, the role of ethical codes in the management of corporations, the practical benefits, “payback” of codes and attracting investments.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes: the method of system-structural analysis; method of synthesis of social and legal phenomena; comparative legal method; formal logical method.Research results. As a result of the study, the Author came to the conclusion that the presence of codes of professional ethics is an indicator of the moral maturity of a society (in our case, a corporation), which can independently regulate the behavior of its members without the help of the state.Regardless of the degree of connection between codes of ethics and federal legislation, their blanket nature or sovereignty, corporate codes of ethics remain one of the most important tools for managing the activities of a corporation and regulating corporate relations.Examining the codes of ethics of corporations, it can be stated that, when integrated with the law, they have a positive impact on increasing the efficiency of the corporation and the formation of a morally oriented corporate culture.The inclusion of ESG principles in corporate codes of ethics increases the company’s responsibility in the field of environmental protection and brings corporations to a new level of social significance. In turn, this leads to the socialization of the business and helps to increase the business reputation of the corporation.Discussion and conclusion. The study of corporate codes of ethics allows us to draw conclusions that, having the status of a corporate regulatory legal act, it is a flexible and full-fledged tool for managing a corporation.The interaction of law and morality in corporations is implemented through a new model of influence on management, where the norms of ethics and morality are intertwined with legal mechanisms to achieve a synergistic effect - the formation of a unique corporate culture.The practical uniformity of the categories of morality and ethics used in corporate codes of ethics provides grounds for the development of universal ethical principles for their mandatory use in these acts.

Global Forum on Migration: a New Stage of State Cooperation on Forced Migration

Introduction. The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees is the legal basis of the global system of international protection of forced migrants, but it does not cover all contemporary aspects of international legal regulation of forced migration. UN member states cannot agree on the adoption of a new international legal act of universal character that would replace the 1951 Convention, which was adopted more than seven decades ago [13. P. 4-5]. “Migration crisis” of 2015–2016 forced the world community to return to the search for solutions to the problems of international legal regulation of forced migration. First, UN member states adopted the New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants in 2016. According to Annex I to the Declaration, UNHCR was tasked with developing a new international legal act on forced migration within two years. The UNHCR, as part of its annual report in 2018, presented a draft Global Compact on Refugees, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly. Global Compact on Refugees drafted by UNHCR, although not legally binding, enshrined mechanisms for equitable burden-sharing among states. One such mechanism is the Global Refugee Forum, which is to be held every four years. This article focuses on the first and second Global Refugee Forums and their outcomes, which took place in 2019 and 2023.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes: historical and legal comparative method; method of system-structural analysis; formal logical method.Research Findings. The analysis revealed that the Global Compact on Refugees 2018 is the compromise that UN member states agreed to. It is not legally binding. One of the main problems that continue to the present day is the lack of mechanisms for equitable burden and responsibility sharing among states. The Global Compact enshrined mechanisms for predictable and equitable burden and responsibility sharing among all UN member states. One of these is the Global Refugee Forum.Discussion and Conclusion. In the study, the authors formulated the preconditions for the adoption and analyzed the content of the Global Compact on Refugees 2018, and substantiated the importance of the Compact at the current stage of international legal regulation of forced migration. It is established that this Compact does not completely eliminate the problem of unfair burden sharing. The authors analyze the activities of the first and second Global Forum on Refugees, concluding that the forum has its own mechanisms for summarizing results, analyzing achievements, and biannual meetings of high-level officials are envisaged. The authors conclude that such a mechanism could have a positive impact on improving international legal regulation of forced migration and providing international protection to forced migrants.

Spontaneous-stimulated Raman co-localization dual-modal analysis approach for efficient identification of tumor cells

The study of highly heterogeneous tumor cells, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, usually relies on invasive analytical methods such as morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology classification, which are complex and time-consuming to perform. Mortality is high if patients are not diagnosed in a timely manner, so rapid label-free analysis of gene expression and metabolites within single-cell substructures is extremely important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. As a label-free and non-destructive vibrational detection technique, spontaneous Raman scattering provides molecular information across the full spectrum of the cell but lacks rapid imaging localization capabilities. In contrast, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) provides a high-speed, high-resolution imaging view that can offer real-time subcellular localization assistance for spontaneous Raman spectroscopic detection. In this paper, we combined multi-color SRS microscopy with spontaneous Raman to develop a co-localized Raman imaging and spectral detection system (CRIS) for high-speed chemical imaging and quantitative spectral analysis of subcellular structures. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods, CRIS efficiently differentiated AML from normal leukocytes with an accuracy of 98.1 % and revealed the differences in the composition of nuclei and cytoplasm of AML relative to normal leukocytes. Compared to conventional Raman spectroscopy blind sampling without imaging localization, CRIS increased the efficiency of single-cell detection by at least three times. In addition, using the same approach for further identification of AML subtypes M2 and M3, we demonstrated that intracytoplasmic differential expression of proteins is a marker for their rapid and accurate classifying. CRIS analysis methods are expected to pave the way for clinical translation of rapid tumor cell identification.

A simulation-based approach for resilience assessment of process system: A case of LNG terminal system

System resilience denotes the capacity to uphold desired system performance in the face of disruptions. Evaluating the resilience of a process system necessitates a thorough consideration of the intricate interplay between its components and the pivotal role of process parameters in reflecting the repercussions of disruptions on the system. This paper introduces an integrated methodology that takes into account component interactions and leverages process data for the resilience assessment of a process system. The proposed methodology comprises four key components: system structure analysis, disruption impacts analysis, process simulation, and resilience assessment. Firstly, the system structure is meticulously scrutinized using a P-graph model. This analysis encompasses the assessment of the significance and interplay of components, as well as the evaluation of how component failures affect the system's overall processes. Secondly, a Markov model is devised to examine the state transition process of components and quantifies the maintenance time needed for failed components. Subsequently, a simulation model is formulated to acquire real-time process parameters in the presence of disruptive events. Finally, the system's performance response function (PRF) is derived from the normalization of these process parameters. Building upon this foundation, a resilience assessment is conducted with a focus on the PRF. To illustrate the effectiveness of this methodology, an LNG terminal system is employed as an exemplar.

Diagnosis of post-traumatic syndrome: functional-vegetative analysis of sensory systems

Background. The article analyzes the relationship between emotional states and the psycho-vegetative status of the respondents using functional-vegetative diagnosis, which is important for medical practice. The study was based on the use of functional-vegetative diagnosis, including the analysis of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular reactivity and other indicators characterizing the psycho-vegetative status of the individual. The purpose: to justify the functional-vegetative diagnosis of sensory systems in the context of the organization of the psychological health of the individual. Materials and methods. The following theoretical methods were used: comparison of existing psychophysiological concepts, structural and genetic analysis of sensory systems, synthesis of theoretical and methodological approaches of the fields of psychophysiology, inductive-deductive approach to the study of the problem. Empirical methods include: measurements according to the functional-vegetative method of V. Makats on the comparison by quantitative signs of the dynamics of each participant in the experiment and comparison of the relative optimal coefficient of vegetative balance and integrated generalization of data in groups with the same initial level of vegetative balance and surveys to determine emotional psychological background on the Izard’s Differential Emotions Scale, according to the results of which an increase in positive emotions and preservation of a moderate level of positive dynamics due to the influence of a psycho-emotional stimulus was recorded. Conclusions. It is noted that the influence of the psycho-emotional factor is a rehabilitation aspect that has a normalizing effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and functional-vegetative homeostasis. The obtained results open perspectives for further research on diagnosis and correction of mental and physical health.

International Legal Regulation of Activities of States in the Great Mediterranean Region

INTRODUCTION. In modern international and domestic maritime law, regional fragmentation of legal regulation is becoming more and more noticeable, which, in turn, objectifies and actualizes the formation of complex arrays of legal norms, united by the consistency of the political and legal positions of the contracting states that have national interests in the relevant water area, primarily-coastal states extending their state sovereignty to certain areas of maritime space. In this context, the Greater Mediterranean region should be considered as one of the most important in the world merchant shipping and naval support of international peace and security, as a basin that optimally connects the Atlantic and Indian Oceans from the point of view of logistics, which requires the formation of an appropriate scientific and methodological basis for full implementation of the fundamental principle of international cooperation in the maritime policy of the states of the region.MATERIALS AND METHODS. To substantiate the expediency of singling out the Greater Mediterranean as an independent object of legal regulation, general and special international legal treaties, the domestic legislation of the Mediterranean states, as well as political and legal documents indicating the existence of certain disputes and situations around certain zones of the Mediterranean water area, primarily – in the Eastern Mediterranean region. To obtain reliable and substantiated results of the study, methods of scientific knowledge were used: formal-legal, logical, historical-legal, system-structural analysis. Thus, the formal legal method made it possible to clarify the content and meaning of international legal treaties concluded at different times and aimed at regulating public relations in the maritime sphere. The logical method made it possible to substantiate the need for comprehensive international cooperation of the coastal states of the Greater Mediterranean. With the help of the historical and legal method, an overview was made of both the world, Soviet and Russian practice of applying the norms of domestic and international law on issues related to ensuring international law and order in the Greater Mediterranean region. The logical method made it possible to build the necessary connections and patterns of development of international legal regulation in the Greater Mediterranean region in the general context of ongoing universal and regional political and legal processes and transformations. Using the method of system-structural analysis, it was possible to display a holistic picture of law-making and law enforcement of the Mediterranean states, aimed at the formation of unified principles and norms for the exercise of the sovereign rights of coastal states.RESEARCH RESULTS. International maritime merchant shipping seems to be a very complex area of public relations with a large number of entities that have different legal status and, accordingly, are related to each other in a very different way.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. This work is devoted to the study of the main trends in the development of the Greater Mediterranean region in terms of formulating key international legal guidelines and rules of conduct for its constituent states. The object of the study is the legal relations carried out in the maritime spaces of the Greater Mediterranean as one of the key regions, which, along with its economic and political significance, is an integral zone for the implementation of the national interests of the Russian Federation, extending to the entire World Ocean.

METHODS OF STIMULATING AND MOTIVATING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TEACHING STAFF

METHODS OF STIMULATING AND MOTIVATING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TEACHING STAFF

Initial load factor adjustment through genetic algorithm for the generalized displacement control method: Implementation on non-rigid origami analysis

The nonlinear analysis of structural systems relies on effective nonlinear solution schemes, known as nonlinear solvers or path-following methods. This paper explores the challenge of determining the initial load factor in such analyses, with a particular focus on complex origami structures. This study presents a novel approach that leverages genetic algorithms (GA) to efficiently determine the initial load factor for the generalized displacement method. Building upon the concept of stiffness parameters, our method offers a systematic solution. In this work, GA serves as a tool to discover the appropriate initial load factor based on changes in the stiffness parameter, providing a more rational and user-friendly approach. To demonstrate the practical applicability of our approach, we apply it to a range of complex origami problems, including the folding of Miura-ori, folding of an egg-box origami, bending of an egg-box origami, and folding of an arc Miura-ori. These examples, along with a truss example, encompass highly nonlinear behaviors, including limit points, extreme stiffness fluctuations, snap-through, and snap-back. Our results showcase the effectiveness of our method in accurately tuning the initial load factor to capture and track intricate nonlinear behaviors. Furthermore, it offers the flexibility to fine-tune the distribution of points along the path and manage the resolution of the depicted equilibrium path. This versatility underscores its potential applications in fields such as deployable structures and complex large deformation structural analysis.

A practical way to apply a technique that accelerates time history analysis of structures under digitised excitations

Time history analysis using direct time integration is a versatile and widely accepted tool for analysing the dynamic behaviour of structures. In 2008, a technique was proposed to accelerate thetime history analysis of structural systems subjected to digitised excitations. Recently, this techniquehas been named as the SEB THAAT* (Step-Enlargement-Based Time-History-Analysis-Acceleration-Technique), and the determination of appropriate values for its parameter is introduced as the mainchallenge. To overcome this challenge, a procedure is proposed in this paper. The basis of the procedure is the comments on accuracy control in structural dynamics and numerical analysis ofordinary differential equations, legalised in the New Zealand Seismic Code, NZS 1170.5:2004. As themain achievement, by using the proposed procedure, we can apply the SEB THAAT and carry out thetime history analysis clearly and with less parameter setting compared to the ordinary time historyanalysis. The proposed procedure is always applicable and, except when the behaviour is very complex, oscillatory and non-linear, the reductions in analysis run-time are considerable while the changes in accuracy are negligible. The performance can be sensitive to the problem, the integration method, the target response, and the severity of the non-linear behaviour. Compared to the previous tests on the SEB THAAT, the efficiency of applying the SEB THAAT using the proposed procedure is better, the sensitivity of the performance to the problem is lower, and a measure of accuracy is available. Compared to other techniques for accelerating structural dynamic analyses, the use of the SEB THAAT according to the proposed procedure has several positive points, including the simplicity of implementation.

Accelerated system-reliability-based disaster resilience analysis for structural systems

Resilience has emerged as a crucial concept for evaluating structural performance under disasters because of its ability to extend beyond traditional risk assessments, accounting for a system’s ability to minimize disruptions and maintain functionality during recovery. To facilitate the holistic understanding of resilience performance in structural systems, a system-reliability-based disaster resilience analysis framework was developed. The framework describes resilience using three criteria: reliability (β), redundancy (π), and recoverability (γ), and the system’s internal resilience is evaluated by inspecting the characteristics of reliability and redundancy for different possible progressive failure modes. However, the practical application of this framework has been limited to complex structures with numerous sub-components, as it becomes intractable to evaluate the performances for all possible initial disruption scenarios. To bridge the gap between the theory and practical use, especially for evaluating reliability and redundancy, this study centers on the idea that the computational burden can be substantially alleviated by focusing on initial disruption scenarios that are practically significant. To achieve this research goal, we propose three methods to efficiently eliminate insignificant scenarios: the sequential search method, the n-ball sampling method, and the surrogate model-based adaptive sampling algorithm. Three numerical examples, including buildings and a bridge, are introduced to prove the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approaches. The findings of this study are expected to offer practical solutions to the challenges of assessing resilience performance in complex structural systems.

V. A. Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogical heritage: innovation and foresight

Introduction. Modern education does not always meet the challenges associated with the rapid changes brought by the new millennium. The spiritual and moral crisis is becoming more and more pronounced. Relying only on “rationality” and practical expediency leads to human degradation and civilizational crisis. This underlies the unprecedented value of pedagogical systems containing certain constructive solutions to the identified problem put forward by practice. According to the general opinion of the world pedagogical community, among such systems is one created by the outstanding humanist V.A. Sukhomlinsky (1918 – 1970). Purpose: To identify and reveal the essence of the ideas and provisions of the Pavlysh innovator that have already played an invaluable role in the enrichment of the national education and will be the driving force of its development in the third millennium. Materials and Methods. The basis of the study is V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s works and the products of his rich educational practice, as well as materials from those who studied the innovator’s creative heritage. The research methodology was based on the conceptual provisions of humanistic pedagogy. The specific methodological tools included the principles of integrity and consistency, objectivity, universal connection of phenomena, combination of retrospective and prospective development, along with sociocultural and system-functional principles. In addition to general scientific methods, such as system-structural analysis and synthesis, the research process also involved formal logical research methods. Results. The study expands and concretizes the existing knowledge about the development of pedagogical theory and school practice in the second half of the 20th century. Identified and characterized are the key ideas and scientific positions of V.A. Sukhomlinsky, the prominent representative of the studied period. They were the foundation of his pedagogical system and played an important role in enriching the theoretical and methodological foundations of pedagogy, the content and support (methodological and technological) of modern educational practice and will certainly become the driving force of its development in the medium and long term. Even though V.A. Sukhomlinsky lived and worked in an ideologized epoch, difficult for creative work, he managed to develop his own pedagogical system, in which the poetic and popular idea merged with its scientific foundations. V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogy is in many respects the pedagogy of the present and the future. It is entirely aimed at the realization of the humanistic ideal. The concepts of goodness and humanity, preached by the educator, nowadays win more and more supporters. As many other provisions of the innovator concerning the construction of the educational process, they can undoubtedly become one of the cornerstones of developing the educational practice in the third millennium. Conclusion. V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s multifaceted activity not only enriched pedagogical science with new ideas and provisions, but also can rightfully be regarded as an important stage in its development. Nowadays, when the world has entered the third millennium and the pedagogical community solves the problems associated with the renewal of the content essence of all parts of education, we believe that the ideas and practical experience of the outstanding teacher will play a productive role in this process. Keywords: upbringing of a comprehensively developed personality, humanization of the pedagogical process, regental function of upbringing, system-forming factor of upbringing, unity of teaching and upbringing

Planning, Designing and Estimation of G+2 Residential Building using Autocad and STAAD PRO

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for the planning, design, and estimation of a G+2 residential building utilizing AutoCAD for architectural drafting and STAAD.Pro for structural analysis and design. The process involves several key stages including site analysis, conceptual design, detailed architectural planning, structural analysis and design, and cost estimation. The initial phase involves site analysis to understand site constraints, orientation, and surroundings, followed by conceptual design to establish the building layout and spatial arrangement. AutoCAD is employed for creating detailed architectural plans, including floor plans, elevations, and sections, ensuring compliance with local building codes and regulations. Subsequently, structural analysis and design are performed using STAAD.Pro, incorporating factors such as loads, material properties, and structural elements. The software facilitates the analysis of various structural systems and helps optimize the design for efficiency and safety. Finally, the estimation phase involves quantifying materials and labor costs based on the finalized architectural and structural designs. This includes itemized lists of materials such as concrete, steel, bricks, and finishing materials, as well as labor costs for construction activities. The proposed methodology integrates AutoCAD and STAAD.Pro to streamline the planning, design, and estimation process for G+2 residential buildings, offering efficiency, accuracy, and adherence to regulatory requirements. The approach presented in this paper serves as a valuable guide for architects, engineers, and construction professionals involved in similar projects

Design, structure analysis and shock control of aircraft landing gear system with MR damper

This study proposes a new magneto-rheological aircraft main landing gear (MRAMLG) system and comprehensively treats from a mathematical modelling to drop testing for the evaluation of the landing efficiency. A mathematical model is formulated based on specifications and requirements of existing small aircraft Oleo type landing gear system. To ensure structural stability of the landing gear components such as main trust, column and trunnion, a transient structural analysis is carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and a fatigue life is analysed based on empirical formulas and the rainflow-counting (RC) algorithm. Subsequently, a novel controller is formulated to enhance the landing efficiency by integrating the time delay model and 3-stage hysteresis regulator. In the synthesis of the controller, a desired force model based on the energy law is added to accurately track the desired yield stress needed for the desired field-dependent force. In this work, the proposed control algorithm is named as the model-based force-tracking (MBFT) controller. To evaluate the landing efficiency or shock struct efficiency (SSE) of the proposed MRAMLG, an experimental apparatus for drop test is designed and manufactured by considering a dummy (sprung) mass of 640–720 kg at the maximum sink speed of 3 m s−1. The sink speed represents the rate of descent of the MRAMLG’s tire just before it touches the ground. It is demonstrated from simulation and experiment that the SSE with the MBFT controller is higher than 83% across various landing conditions with different sprung mass and sink speed, while the conventional controllers, proportional-integral and skyhook, compared to MBFT, do not show consistent performance depending on the sprung mass and sink speed.

Equivalent sway imperfections and sway-member imperfection combinations for GMNIA-based steel design

Two types of geometric imperfection typically need to be considered in the analysis and design of structural systems: global frame out-of-plumbness, also referred to as sway imperfections, and member out-of-straightness, also known as bow imperfections; the effect of local cross-section imperfections is generally accounted for through cross-section resistance checks. For modelling convenience, equivalent geometric imperfections are often employed to allow for the combined influence of initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses. For design by geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA), amplitudes for equivalent bow imperfections for members are provided in EN 1993–1-14; however, no provisions exist for global sway imperfections. Therefore, equivalent sway imperfections suitable for use in the design of steel structures by GMNIA ϕ0,GMNIA are established herein. Two proposals for calculating ϕ0,GMNIA are presented: (1) ϕ0,GMNIA=ϕ0,geom+α/100, with ϕ0,geom representing the pure geometric sway imperfection, and (2) ϕ0,GMNIA=α/50. In both proposals, the varying degree and influence of residual stresses for different cross-section geometries and axes of buckling is captured by the imperfection factor α, as defined in EN 1993–1-1 for carbon steel and EN 1993–1-4 for stainless steel, respectively. A flow chart that provides guidance on the appropriate selection of frame and member imperfections to avoid duplication of the effects of residual stresses in design by GMNIA is also presented.

Может ли использование информационных технологий быть квалифицирующим признаком преступлений против интеллектуальной собственности?

Introduction. The present article is devoted to the issue of registration of the use of information technologies in committing offences against intellectual property. This issue is considered by the author in three aspects - the use of computer information in the committing offences; information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet; and the use of artificial intelligence technologies in committing offences. Methods. The methods of formal logic, system-structural analysis are applied in the research, the main attention is paid to the analysis of materials of judicial practice. Results. The author concludes that the use of information technology should lead to stricter liability in cases where it significantly simplifies crime committing, leads to an increased number of recipients of destructive information or illicit goods and substances, and has the potential to raise the number of offences committed. Based on the results of the research, the author formulates specific proposals to improve criminal legislation in the field of intellectual property. The author proposes to include in separate articles on offences against intellectual property the qualifying feature “an act committed with the use of information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, or with the use of artificial intelligence systems”.