Analysis Of Several Kinds Research Articles

Analisis Perubahan Kebijakan Pajak di Negara GCC dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

G.C.C. countries use oil as a significant source of state revenue because the G.C.C. region is a collection of world oil-producing countries. However, since the world oil price slumped from 2005-2008, governments have changed course by imposing taxes on their citizens. The point of this study is to argue the G.C.C. countries that have changed their tax-free system in their economy into countries that apply taxes today. Then, the views of some Muslim scientists related to taxation are related to changes in tax policy in G.C.C. countries. The qualitative method is used in this paper with a critical approach and analysis of several kinds of literature and financial reports relating to changes in tax policy in the G.C.C. area. The results of this study explain that the G.C.C. countries compile a value-added tax of 5%, which is applied to several basic needs such as food, clothing, water, and electricity bills. Later, some Muslim scientists agreed on the existence of taxes for the common good, a source of revenue for public facilities and services.

A short review of reliability-based design optimization

Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) has become an important branch of reliability engineering after decades of development. In recent years, reliability optimization design methods considering uncertain factors have emerged in an endless stream. This article summarizes the research status and basic principles of RBDO problems. According to the different RBDO methods, the mathematical models of the double-loop method, single-loop method, and decoupling method and their respective advantages and disadvantages are detailed from the perspective of the optimization process. It also focuses on the analysis of several kinds of RBDO bottleneck problems, and discusses the existing related methods and possible solutions.

One-pot synthesis of SiO2@SiO2 core-shell microspheres with controllable mesopore size as a new stationary phase for fast HPLC separation of alkyl benzenes and β-agonists.

Monodisperse SiO2@SiO2 core-shell silica microspheres (CSSM) with enlarged mesopores perpendicular to the particles surface were prepared using a dual-templating approach. With cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as the template and octyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as an auxiliary chemical, the pore size can be enlarged from 2.6 to 10.6nm. The average shell thickness can be increased from 31nm to 97nm by adjusting the concentrations of the surfactants under continuous addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate. After coating twice, the resulting CSSM has a uniform mesoporous shell of about 198nm thickness and a narrow pore size distribution. The CSSM were then modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane to give a material referred to as CS-C18. It was evaluated by separating the mixture of methylbenzene (toluene), ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, n-amylbenzene and hexylbenzene. The baseline separation of the six alkyl benzenes is achieved within 2min. Compared to a commercial column of type BEH-C18, CS-C18 shows a faster and better separation even at lower back pressure. It was also applied to the fast separation of benzo[a]pyrene, salbutamol, ractopamine and clenbuterolin residues in pork samples. The high column efficiency and better reproducibility suggest that the CSSM can be used as a matrix for fast separation and analysis of several kinds of small analytes. Graphical abstract A dual-templating approach was utilized to produce the core shell microsphere with controllable mesopore channels by using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template and trioctylmethylammonium bromide (TOMAB) as an auxiliary chemical to enlarge the size of CTAB micelles.

几类量子密钥分发协议的比较与分析

几类量子密钥分发协议的比较与分析

A Web of Imperial Connections: Surveyors and Planters in Eighteenth-Century Dominica

This article undertakes a description and analysis of several kinds of cadastral maps held at the Library of Congress and other institutions that were generated shortly after the British takeover of the Ceded Islands (1763), with a focus on the island of Dominica. This little-studied subject will provide information on not only the resources and maps for this geographic area, but also biographical information relating to the principal surveyors and planters of Dominica, who contributed to some of the earliest maps of that island.

收发天线不对等的MIMO系统下几种编码方式的性能比较

MIMO系统由于在收发端使用多根天线，获得了分集增益和复用增益，可以抵抗信道衰落和获得更大的信息速率。然而鱼和熊掌不可兼得，要更好地对抗信道衰落，提高信噪比，就得牺牲传输速率；反之亦然。在中阐述了2 × 2 MIMO系统中几种编码策略的优劣，本文主要探究接收天线和发射天线数目不相等的情况下，对比分析几种编码策略的性能。 MIMO system uses multiple antenna to get diversity gain and multiplexing gain, which can resist the channel fading rate and get more information. You can’t have your cake and eat it. However, to better against channel fading and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, it has to sacrifice the trans-mission rate, vice versa. In a 2 × 2 MIMO system is expounded advantages and disadvantages of several coding strategy. This article mainly explores the performance of the comparative analysis of several kinds of coding strategy, the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna number which are not equal.

High Throughput Multispectral Image Processing with Applications in Food Science

Recently, machine vision is gaining attention in food science as well as in food industry concerning food quality assessment and monitoring. Into the framework of implementation of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) in the food industry, image processing can be used not only in estimation and even prediction of food quality but also in detection of adulteration. Towards these applications on food science, we present here a novel methodology for automated image analysis of several kinds of food products e.g. meat, vanilla crème and table olives, so as to increase objectivity, data reproducibility, low cost information extraction and faster quality assessment, without human intervention. Image processing’s outcome will be propagated to the downstream analysis. The developed multispectral image processing method is based on unsupervised machine learning approach (Gaussian Mixture Models) and a novel unsupervised scheme of spectral band selection for segmentation process optimization. Through the evaluation we prove its efficiency and robustness against the currently available semi-manual software, showing that the developed method is a high throughput approach appropriate for massive data extraction from food samples.

Materials Research and Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Absorption System

When Puguang gas field in non-normal production of hydrogen sulfide emissions from the combustion generates sulfur dioxide, in order to prevent its impact on the environment, the need for its emergency absorption. Used static weight-loss method study of A3 steel, 304 stainless steel, aluminum, H62 copper in 10% of (NH4)2SO3 solution, 10% of NH4HSO3 solution, and the mixed solution of 10% (NH4)2SO3 and NH4HSO3 respectively, optimized absorption system of material, and using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization curve analysis of several kinds of material in the absorption product solution of the corrosion condition. The results showed that 304 stainless steel corrosion resistance of the best, in 10% of (NH4)2SO3 solution, 10% of NH4HSO3 solution, and the mixed solution of 10% (NH4)2SO3 and NH4HSO3 respectively.

S114033 放射光X線回折法を用いた静水圧下における各種潤滑油の構造解析([S114-03]トライボロジーの基礎と応用(3))

S114033 放射光X線回折法を用いた静水圧下における各種潤滑油の構造解析([S114-03]トライボロジーの基礎と応用(3))

Implications of extinction due to meteoritic smoke in the upper stratosphere

[1] Recent optical observations of aerosols in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere show significant amounts of extinction at altitudes above about 40 km where the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer ends. Recent modeling of this region reveals that meteoritic smoke settling from the mesosphere and its interaction with the upper part of the sulfate aerosol layer is the origin of the observed extinction. Extinction in this region has major implications for the interpretation and analysis of several kinds of aerosol data (satellite and lidar). We compare observations from the SAGE II satellite and from NOAA's lidar located at Mauna Loa, Hawaii to extinction profiles derived from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) coupled with the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA). Our results show that a major source of extinction exists in the region above about 30 km that must be addressed by all remote sensing instruments that have traditionally used the stratosphere above about 30 km as an aerosol free region to estimate the molecular component of their total extinction. It is also shown that meteoritic smoke not only contributes to but also becomes the dominant source of aerosol extinction above 35 km and poleward of 30 degrees in latitude, as well as above 40 km in the tropics. After addressing the concerns described here, current and past observations of this region could be reanalyzed to further our understanding of meteoritic dust in the upper stratosphere.

Multiclass method for fast determination of veterinary drug residues in baby food by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid multiresidue method for the determination of different veterinary drug residues in meat-based baby food (MBF) and powdered milk-based infant formulae (PMIF) has been developed. The method involves an extraction procedure based on buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) methodology, without any further clean-up step, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method has been validated in two baby food matrices (MBF and PMIF) at three different concentration levels, obtaining suitable recoveries and precision (inter and intra-day precision) values. Quantification was carried out using matrix-matched standard calibration. Furthermore, the decision limit (CCα) and the decision capability (CCβ) were evaluated, ranging from 0.5 to 16.2μg/kg and from 1.2 to 22.4μg/kg, respectively. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of several kinds of baby food samples and traces of some veterinary drugs were detected.

Study of Modification of High Temperature Melting Compound Steel Slag-Fly Ash

Reconstruction of high temperature melting compound steel slag-fly ash can be effectively digest f-CaO in steel slag. The experimental result shows that the f-CaO contents in modified slag is greatly affected by fly ash addition(respectively 5%, 7%, 14%) when the temperature is 1580°C and constant temperature is 30min, the digestion rates are respectively 56.99%,63.69%,68.55%. Modified mineral content of the steel slag changes greatly, mainly reflects at enormous increase in magnetite, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, wustite and vitreous. By micro-structure analysis of several kinds of modified slag mineral, tricalcium silicate mainly shape for branch of tree, dicalcium silicate is in the form of a circular, wustite and vitreous mainly distribute in aggregation state. The above minerals can increase cementitious activity for modified slag becoming cement.

A Dynamic Security Mechanism for Web Services Based on NDIS Intermediate Drivers

Based on the analysis of several kinds of methods generally used to intercept network packets in different layers, a dynamic mechanism using NDIS intermediate drivers is proposed to protect web security, which can block malicious connection in real time. The mechanism is mainly composed of three components which include NDIS intermediate driver-based interception module, filter module and cooperation module. Characteristics of every component are also introduced. Then the system realization is discussed in detail. Finally, experiments results show that the system can detect attacks and intercept malicious packets effectively, and the time delay of the developed driver from intercepting to denying or passing data is small.

Chemiluminescent Method for Detection of Eutrophication Sources by Estimation of Organic Amino Nitrogen and Ammonium in Water

An automatic method has been developed for the estimation of organic amino nitrogen (CH2-NH) and ammonium in water samples. We propose a continuous flow system in which nitrogen compounds react with hypochlorite reagent to produce chloramines. Subsequently, the mixture is mixed with luminol, generating a chemiluminescence signal. The signal emission at 425 nm, registered as a function of time, decreases as nitrogen concentration increases, due to the decrease on hypochlorite concentration. A large number of nitrogen compounds have been assayed and their sensitivities compared, in milligrams per liter nitrogen. The ammonium calibration graph, expressed as N, can be used for most of the assayed compounds. The linear interval was 0.24-4 mg L(-1) N, with the detection limit 0.07 mg L(-1) N. The chemiluminescence method was applied to the analysis of several kinds of real water samples, natural, lake, irrigation ditch, fountain, residual, and seawater in order to detect possible sources of eutrophication. The accuracy (% relative error) and precision were satisfactory, with mean values of 5 +/- 4 and 3 +/- 2, respectively. This procedure has been used to estimate nitrogen content in samples before and after Kjeldahl treatment. In the same samples, the N found for the untreated samples provided a good estimation of the N Kjeldahl. Sixty samples per hour can be analyzed, and the procedure can also be used for in situ monitoring.

Projecting Pulp Mill Impact on the Infrastructure of Jekabpils Region

This paper deals with possible impact of potential pulp mill in Jekabpils on adjacent regions infrastructure, which includes inhabitant’s comfort level, and business infrastructure during construction and processing stages. The analysis is made up on the basis of several publications, which are connected with environmental impact assessment, regional development and pulp mill project materials. There are analysis of several kinds of impact: on geology, water and air pollution and their limitation, noise pollution, demography, cultural resources. For better understanding of business perspectives a comparison is made with similar pulp mill in Rauma (Finland) and its impact. On this basis SWOT analysis and matrix is made. The main conclusions are: there is big possibility of positive changes in region development through so large investment, main problems in pollution are connected with possible thermal pollution, serious attention needs to be paid for future for small sawmill and private forest management.

Design and Analysis of Several Kinds of Dielectric Lens Antennas

This paper focuses on the design and analysis of several kinds of dielectric lens antennas and their application at millimeter waves and sub-millimeter waves. The lenses analyzed include refractive lens and diffractive lens such as hyperbolic lens antenna, binary diffractive lens antenna and shaped lens antenna. Our purpose is to optimize the performance of the lens antenna so as it has low side lob level, insertion loss and thin thickness. Finite element method (FEM) based on the weak form of Helmholtz equation is used to analyze electromagnetic characteristic of the lens antennas; and the radiation patterns of the lens antennas are presented.

An Introduction to Generalized Estimating Equations and an Application to Assess Selectivity Effects in a Longitudinal Study on Very Old Individuals

Correlated data are very common in the social sciences. Most common applications include longitudinal and hierarchically organized (or clustered) data. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) are a convenient and general approach to the analysis of several kinds of correlated data. The main advantage of GEE resides in the unbiased estimation of population-averaged regression coefficients despite possible misspecification of the correlation structure. This article aims to provide a concise, nonstatistical introduction to GEE. To illustrate the method, an analysis of selectivity effects in the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old is presented.

Large discrepancies in differentiation of allozymes, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci in recently founded Pacific populations of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera

This study presents a comparative analysis of population structure applied to the pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) from the Central Pacific islands using three classes of molecular markers: two mitochondrial genes (mtDNA), five anonymous nuclear loci (anDNA), and eight polymorphic allozymes. Very low levels of haplotype diversity and nucleotidic divergence detected for mtDNA validate the hypothesis of a recent (re)colonization of Polynesian lagoons after their exondation during the last glaciations. Some nuclear loci, however, showed highly significant FST values, indicating a reduced amount of larval exchange between archipelagos at present. A large interlocus variance of FST was nevertheless observed. We discuss whether this pattern is inherent to the stochasticity of the drift process since recolonization, or if it could result from balancing selection acting on certain loci. This study illustrates once more the need to combine the analysis of several kinds of loci when unrelated phenomena are likely to leave their footprints on genetic structure.

Quantitative analysis of several kinds of Ir-Al alloys by ICP-OES.

For the analysis of samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), dissolution of the samples is important. Classical lead assay, chlorination, fluorination and dissolution with acids are difficult for the dissolution of Ir-base alloys. Therefore, fusion with Na2O2 has been used. However, when the alloys are fused with it in a Zr crucible, the crucible is partially dissolved together with Na2O2. The dissolved Zr interferes with the measurements of analytes in the samples by spectral interferences of Zr. To dissolve the crucible as little as possible, it was fused with a mixture of 1 g of NaOH and 2 g of Na2O2; the amount of Zr dissolved was 20∼130 mg. Salts given by fusion were dissolved in HNO3-HCl. The analytes in the solution were determined by ICP-OES and the interferences of coexistent elements on the spectral intensities of analytes were corrected by sequential correction method. Good analytical results were obtained for lr-base alloy samples.

Photon activation analysis of several kinds of marine invertebrates for trace elements

The concentrations of trace elements in several mollusk, arthropod, echinoderm, and tunicata species were determined by photon activation analysis. The samples were freeze-dried, pulverized by a mill, and fractionated through a 200-mesh sieve. Three standard materials were used for comparative standards: NIST SRM-1566a Oyster Tissue, NIST SRM-1577b Bovine Liver, and NRCC TORT-1 Lobster. The samples and comparator standards were sealed in silica tubes and irradiated for 3 h by 30-MeV bremsstrahlung from a linear accelerator at Tohoku University. By measuring gamma-ray spectra, the concentrations of 16 elements (As, Br, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn) were determined.