Analysis Of Security Policies Research Articles

Food security of mariculture in China: Evolution, future potential and policy

China's developing mariculture has made significant contributions to ensuring food security since 1949. This paper outlines the development of mariculture in China in three stages: the start-up period (1949–1977), the rapid development period (1978–2000), and the sustainable development period (2001-present). The analysis of China's mariculture and food security policies in three stages summarizes the evolutionary characteristics of policy synchronization. However, China's food security faces severe challenges in the context of reduced cultivated land resources, insufficient water resources and serious environmental pollution. This paper analyzes the great potential of China's mariculture in rationally utilizing fishery resources, increasing deep-sea development and exploration, and optimizing mariculture structures. Finally, this paper highlights the importance of optimizing China's mariculture subsidy policy, increasing policy support for key technological breakthroughs, and establishing a diversified mariculture organization model. Recommendations were made to ensure food security by developing a reasonable mariculture policy in China.

L’émergence et la consolidation des méthodes de microsimulation en France

[eng] The purpose of this paper is to trace the gradual emergence of microsimulation models dedicated to the analysis of tax and social security policies in France since the mid-1960s, as well as their subsequent consolidation since the mid-2000s. A brief outline of these models is given using the static/dynamic distinction. A connection is made between the construction of the Mir model (standing for Modele de l'impot sur le revenu, an income tax model) and the development of the Household income survey Revenus fiscaux. Then we distinguish two periods: An initial period that saw a proliferation of such models and a second period, of standardisation, during which the Ines model has acquired a central position. Besides ongoing evaluations (of minimum income and pension schemes, insurance for long-term care), the most recent expectations in this area relate to the ex ante evaluation of measures designed to accelerate the ecological transition and of universal income -type schemes. Finally, we underline that the recent replacement of all the periodic declarations made by employers to various administrations by a unique declaration (the Declaration sociale nominative, or DSN) significantly renews the range of administrative sources capable of feeding into these models.

Brew: A Security Policy Analysis Framework for Distributed SDN-Based Cloud Environments

The ease of programmability in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) makes it a great platform implementation of various initiatives that involve application deployment, dynamic topology changes, and decentralized network management in a multi-tenant data center environment. However, implementing security solutions in such an environment is fraught with policy conflicts and consistency issues with the hardness of this problem being affected by the distribution scheme for the SDN controllers. In this paper we present Brew, a security policy analysis framework implemented on an OpenDaylight SDN controller, that has comprehensive conflict detection and resolution modules to ensure that no two flow rules in a distributed SDN-based cloud environment have conflicts at any layer; thereby assuring consistent conflict-free security policy implementation and preventing information leakage. We present techniques for global prioritization of flow rules in a decentralized environment, extend firewall rule conflict classification from a traditional environment to SDN flow rule conflicts by recognizing and classifying conflicts stemming from cross-layer conflicts and provide strategies for unassisted resolution of these conflicts. Alternately, if administrator input is desired to resolve conflicts, a novel visualization scheme is implemented to help the administrators view the conflicts graphically. We demonstrate the correctness, feasibility and scalability of our framework through a proof-of-concept prototype.

Gilbert와 Specht의 정책 분석틀을 활용한 국내 청년사회보장정책 분석

Gilbert와 Specht의 정책 분석틀을 활용한 국내 청년사회보장정책 분석

Uluslararası Hukuk Çerçevesinden Arktik Güvenliği Politikalarının Analizi: Rusya ve ABD Örneği

Son yıllarda artan
 küresel ısınma ile beraber kuzey kutbunu kaplayan buz tabakası daha fazla
 erimeye başlamıştır. Eriyen tabaka deniz alanını daha kullanılabilir bir duruma
 getirmiş ve deniz tabanında yer alan hidrokarbonlara erişim daha kolay hâle
 gelmiştir. Bu iklimsel değişime bağlı olarak ülkelerin bu alan ile ilgili
 politikaları da ciddi anlamda değişime uğramıştır. Öyle ki, dünyanın belki de
 en zorlu yaşam koşullarına ev sahipliği yapan Arktik bölgesi ekonomik ve
 siyasal kazanımların odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Bölgenin uluslararası
 statüsü ve egemenlik alanları konusunda tartışmalar baş göstermiştir. Böylece
 Arktik O’na komşu olan ülkeler arasında çıkarların çatıştığı bir alana
 dönüşmüştür. Bu durum Rusya ve ABD’nin rekabet koşullarının değişmesine de
 neden olmuştur. Ayrıca Arktik, küresel ölçekte yaratmış olduğu etkileri ile
 birlikte düşünüldükçe, giderek sorunlu bir bölgeye dönüşmektedir. Bu sorunların
 çözümü için ise, uluslararası hukukun esas alınması ihtiyacı doğmaktadır. Bu
 çalışma, Rusya ve ABD’nin Uluslararası Hukuk çerçevesinden Arktik Bölgesi’ne yönelik
 güvenlik politikalarını analiz ederek, bu politikaların iki devlet üzerinde ne
 gibi siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel etkiler ortaya çıkardığını
 tartışmaktadır.

Parliaments in security policy: Involvement, politicisation, and influence

While parliaments have long been neglected actors in the analysis of security policy, a research literature on the subject is growing. Current research is focused primarily on how parliaments, relying on formal legal competences, can constrain governmental policies. However, this research needs expansion in three areas. First, informal sources of parliamentary influence on security policy deserve more systematic attention as the significance of parliaments often hinges on contextual factors and individual decision-makers. Second, we still lack a systematic understanding of the effects of parliamentary involvement on security policy. Finally, the role of parliaments for the politics of security is almost completely uncharted territory. When parliaments become involved in security policy, does it foster transparency and contribute to the politicisation of security policy so that security policy becomes a ‘normal’ political issue? The article reviews current research, derives findings from the contributions to this Special Issue, and spells out their wider implications.

Rethinking energy, climate and security: a critical analysis of energy security in the US

Understanding the complicated relationship between energy, climate and security is vital both to the study of international relations and to ensure the continued survival of a world increasingly threatened by environmental change. Climate change is largely caused by burning fossil fuels for energy, but while discussions on the climate consider the role of energy, energy security debates largely overlook climate concerns. This article traces the separation between energy and climate through an analysis of US energy security discourse and policy. It shows that energy security is continually constructed as national security, which enables very particular policy choices and prioritises it above climate concerns. Thus, in many cases, policies undertaken in the name of energy security contribute directly to climate insecurity. The article argues that the failure to consider securing the climate as inherently linked to energy security is not just problematic, but, given global warming, potentially harmful. Consequently, any approach to dealing with climate change has to begin by rethinking energy security and security more broadly, as national (energy) security politics no longer provides security in any meaningful sense.

The European Union through the Eyes of Ukrainian Think Tankers: Studying EU Perceptions Post-Euromaidan

The European Union (EU) engagement in its Eastern neighborhood, including Ukraine, has attracted considerable scholarly attention. Yet studies focusing on EU perceptions in neighboring countries have been rare, which is especially true for EU perceptions among non-governmental actors. This article examines perceptions (or images) of the EU and its initiatives, such as the Eastern Partnership and the Association Agreement, within a specific group of Ukrainian civil society organizations, namely think tanks (as elite opinion makers), following the Euromaidan Revolution. The study maps discursive frames used by leading think tank representatives working in the field of foreign and security policy analysis or performing the functions of watchdogs in sectors such as democratization, public administration reform, and economic liberalization. Methodologically, the study employs content analysis of policy related papers published by the organizations, as well as complementary expert interviews with representatives of the Ukrainian think tank community. The article thus contributes to understanding the civil society’s views on the EU in Ukraine in the post-Euromaidan period.

La reciente evolución de la estrategia antiterrorista, test de la estrategia global de seguridad de la UE

This article focuses in the analysis of the European Common Security and Defence Policy’s evolution, specifically taking the European Global Agenda presented by the High Representative F. Mogherini in the European Council of June 2016 as the starting point. This strategy includes as a priority the fight against terrorism.

Impact of increasing agricultural domestic support on China’s food prices considering incomplete international agricultural price transmission

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a modelling approach that enables the analysis of long-term food security policies. Specifically, the authors explore the effect of China’s agricultural domestic support on its agricultural and food market by also considering the impact of incomplete price transmission.Design/methodology/approachThe authors extend the standard Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) modelling framework. First, the authors incorporate incomplete price transmission into the GTAP model by generating tariff-equivalent price transmission elasticities. Second, the authors improve the current representation of China’s agricultural domestic support in the GTAP model and the underlying database by considering the production requirements and the trade-distorting effect of different policy instruments. Running a set of simulations, the authors examine first how the incorporation of incomplete price transmission affects the model’s results and second how increased agricultural domestic support affects China’s agricultural and food market accounting for incomplete price transmission.FindingsConsidering incomplete price transmission mitigates the domestic price increases as responses to high international agricultural prices, which also lead to an increase in China’s trade deficit and prohibits net food sellers from receiving high prices. In the long term, an increase in China’s agricultural domestic support to its World Trade Organisation de minimis commitment level would increase domestic agricultural production and reduce its demand pressure on the international market.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of increased agricultural domestic support on the domestic market while innovatively accounting for incomplete food price transmission. The authors combine econometric estimated price transmission elasticities and an extended GTAP framework to underscore the importance of enhancing the model’s ability in accounting for incomplete price transmission when analysing the impact of agricultural policies.

Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan

Sustainable energy supply is an important factor for continued economic growth of any society. Pakistan is among those developing countries which are facing severe shortages of energy now-a-days. The current and past governments in the country have designed various energy policies to fulfill energy demands but could not fill the demand-supply gap; there has been a shortage of about 5000MW of electrical supply during summer 2016. A policy for development of renewable energy was framed in 2006 which was aimed to supply sustainable energy to all consumers including those households which have not been supplied electricity and natural gas in rural and far-flung areas. The policy was extended for implementation in 2011 and is still in use. The basis of this policy rests on energy security and self-sufficiency, social equity and economic benefits. This study aims at analyzing renewable energy policy of Pakistan and examining and finding the ways to secure energy supplies in future using LEAP. Four Scenarios, business-as-usual, green Pakistan, nuclear and optimization, have been developed to assess the validity of the energy plans. The study concludes that green Pakistan scenario employing renewable energy technologies, having minimum operation and externality costs, is the most suitable option in future.

Comparative analysis of military security policy of Norway and Denmark in the Arctic region

The interest of Western countries in the Arctic region is growing with each new statement about the sharp climate change and the melting of the Arctic Ocean’s glaciers. In addition to the threats related to the environmental situation in the Arctic zone, the desire to participate in shelf research and development, the potential of using the sea routes of the region by both the Arctic and non-Arctic states creates threats to the security of the Nordic countries. The coastal states, which in case of the escalation of tensions will be in the midst of a regional conflict in the Arctic, are Norway and Denmark. Therefore, the analysis of a level of Norwegian and Danish military security against a backdrop of increasing confrontation between Russia and West and changing climate situation in the region is urgent ., Nevertheless, to ensure a necessary level of defence capability as well as security of borders and zones of exceptional economic interests in the conditions of low temperatures is not so easy. This article examines the Norwegian and Danish approaches to the new military security challenges in the Arctic region. The paper contains examination of the doctrinal basis of military security along with the main documents that form the security concepts of the two countries in the Arctic region, and the reports of the defense ministries and scientific institutions surveys of military activities in the Arctic. Three directions of coastal countries’ policy making in the issues of military security were chosen for comparison. Firstly, the relationships with the USA, the leader of the North Atlantic alliance, which allow us to determine the significance of Norway and Denmark in building NATO security in the north. Secondly, the relationships with the EU and separately with the Nordic countries are considered. This case shows the level of involvement of the European community in the issue of ensuring the Arctic security . Thirdly, the relationships with Russia which has the largest military contingent in the northern latitudes among the members of the Arctic Council, are reviewed. That gives an opportunity to analyze the possible development of Russian-Norwegian and Russian-Danish relationships, particularly the dialogue on maintaining security in the region. At the end of each subsection the author highlights the main findings on selected vectors of the security policy. In conclusion, the assessment of the current defense capability of Denmark and Norway is given, as well as the impact of NATO joint exercises on Russia’s Arctic policy making is considered in order to highlight the role of coastal states in this context.

Practice-based discourse analysis of information security policies

To address the “insider” threat to information and information systems, an information security policy is frequently recommended as an organisational measure. However, having a policy in place does not necessarily guarantee information security. Employees' poor compliance with information security policies is a perennial problem for many organisations. It has been shown that approximately half of all security breaches caused by insiders are accidental, which means that one can question the usefulness of current information security policies. We therefore propose eight tentative quality criteria in order to support the formulation of information security policies that are practical from the employees' perspective. These criteria have been developed using practice-based discourse analysis on three information security policy documents from a health care organisation.

A formal basis for the design and analysis of firewall security policies

A firewall is the core of a well defined network security policy. This paper presents an automata-based method to study firewall security policies. We first propose a procedure that synthesizes an automaton that describes a security policy given as a table of rules. The synthesis procedure is then used to develop procedures to detect: incompleteness, anomalies and discrepancies in security policies. A method is developed to represent the automaton by a policy qualified as mixable and that has practical utilities, such as ease to determine the whitelist and the blacklist of the policy. The developed procedures have been deeply evaluated in terms of time and space complexities. Then, a real case study has been investigated. The obtained results confirm that the developed procedures have reasonable complexities and that their actual execution times are of the order of seconds. Finally, proofs of all results are provided.

Context and Trust Based Adaptive Security for Accessing Services in Ubiquitous Computing Environment

The smart spaces built on the ubiquitous network make the services available for every entity in a seamless way using the most suitable resource provider. However, all services are not equally sensitive; hence do not require the same levels of security. In this paper, the authors propose an adaptive security scheme which handles service requests originating from heterogeneous contexts and belonging to different trust levels. The adaptive security scheme includes user classification, situational analysis and dynamic generation of appropriate security policies. The proposed security scheme can be made use to secure application built on the Ubiquitous Computing Environment (UCE) such as health care, smart office, smart ubiquitous home, etc.

Conceptualizing Internet Security Governance

Current internet security research seems to lack decent conceptualizations of internet security. At times, the idea of internet security seems to be simply based on anecdotical descriptions, partly driven by fear-mongering scenarios or framed by personal or organizational interests of authors or editors. Researching on internet security governance however precludes a clear conceptualization of the central term. This paper seeks to conceptualize internet security governance by utilizing previous works in the fields of security studies, international relations, policing studies, social security policy analysis and computer science. What students of internet security governance can learn from non-internet security governance research is a) a more differentiated categorization of institutions and actors in security governance and, linked with that, b) the processualisation and segmentation of security provisioning. The internet is however regulated by more pluralized modes of governance. More philosophical discourses of security point at the narrowness of today’s conceptualizations of internet security and suggest a broader, more political understanding of internet security. In the first section, I will discuss the notion of security more generally. I will show that current conceptualizations of internet security lack depth and are loaded with ambiguities, thereby decreasing the analytical capabilities of the concept of internet security. The second section will analyze concepts of security governance and the way they are used in disciplines other than internet studies. And finally, this paper will break down security and its governance into their basic characteristics to be used for the analysis of internet security politics.

Parameterized model checking for security policy analysis

We explain how a parameterized model checking technique can be exploited to mechanize the analysis of access control policies. The main advantage of the approach is to reason regardless of the number of users of the system in which the policy is enforced. This permits to obtain more useful results from the analysis; for instance, ensuring that sensitive permissions cannot be leaked regardless of the number of users in the system. We also briefly discuss how some heuristics make the technique scalable to handle (very) large policies. This is demonstrated by a comparative experimental evaluation with state-of-the-art tools for the analysis of access control policies.

National Cyber Security Policy and Strategy of Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis

With advancements in modernization came the infiltration of information and communication technologies across the world, Nigeria inclusive. Several benefits are obtainable from these but also prevalent are some associated risks. Communication exists massively in cyberspace and as such poses a myriad of threats to a nation. This can be addressed on a national spectrum by the implementation of cyber security policies and strategies. This research involves making a qualitative analysis of the current Nigerian National Cyber Security Policy and Strategy. The documents were analyzed in the light of selected harmonized strategy developmental frameworks and subsequently comparatively evaluated with similar documents of selected countries. After the analysis, the national documents were found to have met majority of the requirements in terms of content, but failed to address certain elements of concern to cyber security in the Nigerian environment.

Políticas públicas de seguridad en Medellín: lecturas del problema de in-seguridad desde el enfoque de la seguridad humana

En el artículo, se presenta la propuesta interpretativa y los principales hallazgos de la investigación: Análisis de las políticas públicas de seguridad implementadas por la administración municipal de Medellín, 2012-2013. Se empieza ubicando la propuesta de análisis desde la seguridad humana desde abajo, que permite destacar las interpretaciones que frente al problema público de la inseguridad en Medellín tienen sus comunidades y sus percepciones acerca de las políticas que el gobierno local implementa en esta materia. Posteriormente, se presentan los hallazgos más importantes de la investigación desde tres ideas centrales: el sesgo conceptual por parte de la administración municipal frente al concepto de la seguridad humana, la cual expone un discurso transversalizado por este enfoque y en la práctica transita del enfoque humano al enfoque restringido de la seguridad; la divergencia en la definición del problema de la inseguridad en la ciudad de Medellín por parte de las comunidades y la administración municipal; y las consecuencias de asumir un enfoque restringido para comprender y actuar frente al problema de seguridad. Finalmente, a partir de los hallazgos realizados, se presentan unas recomendaciones generales que permitan intervenir de manera más acertada los problemas de inseguridad en la ciudad.

The British National Security Strategy: Security after Representation

Research Highlights and Abstract This article Contributes to the debate on British Foreign and Security Policy; Contributes to the literature on the British National Security Strategy; Links international relations literature with domestic policy formation literature; Introduces the concept of ‘legitimacy’ to foreign and security policy analysis. The publication of the Britain's first National Security Strategy (NSS) in 2008 marked a formal shift away from the secret state of the Cold War to the highly public protective state of today. This article is interested in the question of why the NSS and related framework have taken this particular public and explicit form. Both mainstream and critically minded academics have argued that contemporary security discourses and policies are techniques of power and governance and that the public nature of the policies is vital to this function. In this article, I argue that there has been a transformation in the nature of the British state from a representative state in which the state's authority was legitimated through a number of political mechanisms of representation, to one in which state elites and institutions need to forge new kinds of relationships with the governed. This is a key development that has been noticed in political, sociological and legal theoretical literature but as yet hardly addressed in international relations and security studies. This transformation of the state, I will argue, is intimately linked to the form and content of contemporary security policies. The contemporary state is undergoing a process of an erosion of legitimacy, which has a direct impact upon the capacity of the state to govern. In this context, policies take on the role of trying to bridge the legitimacy gap. I will argue that this shift in the state leads to a different understanding of contemporary security policies as representative of a decreasing ability to govern security, a state that is losing legitimacy and authority; that is in effect, losing its sovereignty. This article argues that British national security strategies and policies are representative of this.