Analysis Of Sections Research Articles

Flexural behavior of hybrid C-PET FRP-strengthened RC beams with U-strip anchorages

In this study, a comprehensive experimental and theoretical work was conducted on the bending performance of hybrid carbon-polyethylene terephthalate (C-PET) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams with U-strip anchorages. Eleven RC beams were tested under a four-point bending load to investigate the influence of stacking sequence and U-strip anchorages. The bending performance of strengthened beams was carefully examined and discussed with regard to failure mode, flexural strength, ductility coefficient, and FRP strain development. The hybrid strengthened beams with U-strip anchorages exhibited 10.54 %−21.97 % higher flexural strength and 4.30 %−206.27 % higher ductility factors than the corresponding strengthened beams without U-strip anchorages. In addition, a theoretical analysis model with high accuracy was proposed to simulate the load-deflection curves of the strengthened beams based on the section analysis and plastic hinge model. Finally, this paper evaluated the accuracy of design guidelines (including GB 50608, ACI 440.2 R, and CNR DT 200 R1) in calculating the load-bearing capacities of strengthened beams.

Phenomenology of 3-3-1 models with a radiative inverse seesaw mechanism

We propose two models based on the SU(3)C×SU(3)L×U(1)X gauge symmetry, each incorporating distinct inverse seesaw mechanisms for generating neutrino masses at the radiative level. Therefore, neutrino masses are suppressed by the radiative nature of the mass generation mechanism, which occurs after the spontaneous breaking of the global lepton number symmetry. Both scenarios discussed here are characterized by the presence of vectorlike charged leptons, which are involved in generating the masses of the Standard Model charged leptons. These additional vectorlike fermions also contribute to the anomalous magnetic moments of the muon. We perform a detailed analysis of the scalar sectors, show that these models can successfully accommodate the observed baryon asymmetry through resonant leptogenesis, and compute the rates of charged lepton flavor-violating decays, such as μ→eγ. We discuss the constraints of the model arising from these processes and those associated with the nonunitarity of the lepton mixing matrix. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

2D nonlinear inversion of DC resistivity measurements, a case study; southeastern part of Ras El Dabaa, Northwestern coast, Egypt

The southern Mediterranean coast suffers from limited water resources as a result of exploitation of water supply, population growth, and climate change. Spatial lineaments and Seawater Intrusion (SWI) were detected at the southeast portion of Ras El Dabaa, on Egypt’s northwest coast, using the direct current resistivity (DCR) method. The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were acquired using Schlumberger array along four profiles and inverted both independently and jointly, aiming to obtain Two Dimensional (2D) geoelectrical images. The results of the one Dimensional (1D) inversion of VES data at each profile were stitched to form pseudo-2D sections on which the resistivity values and aquifer thickness in the southwest of the region appeared to be generally increasing, indicating a potential improvement in water quality.However, the results did not fully image the lateral variation but focused on the horizontal boundaries of the subsurface. On the contrary, the results of 2D inversion of the same data sets successfully managed to provide images that depicted resistivity distribution in both lateral and vertical directions. The detected sets of lineaments and fractured zones within the oolitic limestone and fossiliferous limestone units control the occurrence of groundwater in the region. The 2D inversion scheme revealed a low resistivity zone that indicated the presence of SWI and/or the dissolution of marine salts from the marine limestone bedrock of these aquifers in the northern portions of the studied area. Additionally, analysis of the 2D apparent porosity section shows how aquifers are connected by secondary porosity, which is defined by structures that resemble channels. The current approach offers valuable structural information for future planning and development of such complex geological coastal locations, taking into consideration the vulnerability of the groundwater system.

School and Family Level Socioeconomic Status, School Connectedness and Health and Wellbeing Among 9–11 Year Olds: Cross Sectional Analysis of the Student Health and Wellbeing Survey in Wales

AbstractSchools are important social institutions which play a role in reducing and amplifying inequalities, including health inequalities. A growing evidence base indicates that school and family socioeconomic status (SES) interact to create positive and negative health outcomes, with ‘benefits’ of attending a higher SES school greatest for children from higher SES families. School connectedness is an increasingly studied mechanism, or set of mechanisms, for improving health and reducing health inequalities. Studies on interactions of school and family SES and on school connectedness have to date focused mainly on secondary schools. This paper presents multilevel analyses of survey data from 17,000 primary school children in Wales, aged 9–11 years. It finds that school and family SES are independently associated with health behaviours and mental health and wellbeing outcomes, and interact, with ‘benefits’ of attending a higher SES school greatest for children from higher SES families. Exceptions include some risk behaviours, most common among children from higher SES families in lower SES schools. School connectedness was associated with most outcomes, with some variations between components of school connectedness. Interactions were consistent with greater benefit of attending a higher SES school for children from higher SES families in relation to peer environment, but not for other aspects of school connectedness. Better understanding mechanisms via which family SES may be amplified or attenuated by school characteristics is vital in informing intervention to reduce health inequalities. This paper provides some evidence that school connectedness may be an important target mechanism for interventions to improve health and reduce inequalities.

ONYCHOMATRICOMA, A RARE NAIL TUMOR

Abstract Introduction/Objective Nail apparatus tumors are rare and can pose diagnostic challenges. Onychomatricoma (also called onychomatrixoma) is a rare tumor first described in 1992. It is a benign biphasic fibroepithelial tumor of the nail. It has been reported in Caucasians, often in females with a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life. Rare cases are also reported in children. The common location is in the fingernail (75%), presenting with yellowing of the nail plate (xanthonychia) and thick longitudinal band. Cutaneous horn, melanonychia, nail bleeding, and nail deformity with or without bony extension can also be seen. Histologic findings show increased nail thickness surrounded by a layer of Malpighian epithelium. The fibroepithelial tumor shows hyperplasia of two components including onychogenic epithelium and mesenchymal stroma. Methods/Case Report A 65-year-old Vietnamese female presented with longstanding dark yellowish ridging discoloration, thickening and nail plate deformity of the left fourth fingernail with appearance of onychomycosis. However, KOH mount and fungal cultures of the nail plate were negative for fungal microorganisms. There was no history of pain, trauma, or prior treatment. Microscopic analysis of transverse and longitudinal sections of the nail shows a biphasic neoplasm that penetrates the nail plate with multiple digitations. There was deep finger-like epithelial cell strands that form anastomosis as well as invaginations into the dermis. Characteristic filiform projections are lined by onychogenic epithelium composed mostly of basal and supra-basal cells that lack granular and corneum layers. The stroma was hypercellular and fibrillary with spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells, and a deep layer with dense collagen. Immunohistochemical stains of the lesion show diffuse expression for CD10 and CD34 in the stroma and negativity for Periodic Acid Schiff staining. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) N/A Conclusion While most of the literature on onychomatricoma has been reported in Caucasian population, little is known about this tumor in non-Caucasians. This case report of onychomatricoma in a Vietnamese woman contributes to the emerging literature of this rare nail apparatus tumor in non-Caucasian population. Clinical and histopathologic correlation is important to achieve prompt and correct diagnosis since delay would result in nail dystrophy and deformity.

Overview and Analysis of the Energy Sector of the Syrian Arab Republic

Overview and Analysis of the Energy Sector of the Syrian Arab Republic

Accuracy of the LaserSAFE technique for detecting positive surgical margins during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: blind assessment and inter-rater agreement analysis.

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is a new imaging modality capable of generating digital microscopic resolution scans of fresh surgical specimens, and holds potential as an alternative to frozen section (FS) analysis for intra-operative assessment of surgical margins. Previously, we described the LaserSAFE technique as an application of FCM for margin assessment in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the Histolog® scanner. This study describes the accuracy and inter-rater agreement of FCM imaging compared to corresponding paraffin-embedded analysis (PA) among four blinded pathologists for the presence of positive surgical margins (PSM). RARP specimens from patients enrolled in the control arm of the NeuroSAFE PROOF study (NCT03317990) were analysed from April 2022 to February 2023. Prostate specimens were imaged using the Histolog® scanner before formalin fixation and PA. Four trained assessors, blinded to PA, reviewed and analysed FCM images of the posterolateral prostatic surface. A total of 31 prostate specimens were included in the study. PA per lateral side of the prostate identified 11 instances of positive margins. Among the four histopathologists included in our study, FCM achieved a sensitivity of 73-91 and specificity of 94-100% for the presence of PSM. Fleiss' Kappa for inter-rater agreement on PSM was 0.78 (95% confidence interval = 0.64-0.92), indicating substantial agreement. This blinded analysis of FCM versus PA among histopathologists with different experience levels demonstrated high accuracy and substantial inter-rater agreement for diagnosing PSM. This supports the role of the FCM as an alternative to FS.

Analysis of Sector Based Energy Consumption Rates of OECD Countries with Louvain Clustering

This study examines the shares of sectors (agriculture, services, industry, transportation and other sectors) in total energy consumption in OECD countries for the period 2011-2020 using Louvain cluster analysis. Energy consumption is an important development indicator and provides important information about the development of countries. In particular, the analysis of the shares of energy consumption of main sectors such as agriculture, services, industry and transport sectors can provide important information about a country's economic diversity, level of industrialization and economic focus. Cluster analysis can provide important insights by identifying countries with similar energy consumption patterns. Louvain cluster analysis was preferred in this study. Louvain clustering has the advantage of being fast and dealing with noise compared to K-means and Hierarchical clustering methods. The results of the study are evaluated from two perspectives. The first one is the inferences obtained from the descriptive statistics of the data set and the second one is the inferences obtained from the clustering analysis. The results of the cluster analysis emphasize the insights offered by the cluster changes in the temporal dimension and the formation of year-based clusters. In addition, the insights provided by the clustering results for Türkiye are evaluated.

Agreement between the EWGSOP2 and SDOC consensuses for sarcopenia in patients receiving hemodialysis: Findings of a cross sectional analysis from the SARC-HD study.

Differences in definitions and operational diagnoses for sarcopenia create difficulties in understanding the epidemiology of the disease. We examined the prevalences of sarcopenia using the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) consensuses and analyzed their level of agreement in patients receiving hemodialysis. Data from the SARCopenia trajectories and associations with clinical outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis (SARC-HD) multicenter study in Brazil were analyzed. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength, muscle mass by calf circumference, and physical performance by the 4-m gait speed test. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to both the EWGSOP2 (low muscle strength plus low muscle mass) and the SDOC (low muscle strength plus low physical performance). The Cohen kappa statistic was used to determine the level of agreement between the consensuses. 838 patients (57.8 ± 15.0 years; 61% men) from 19 dialysis units were included. We found similar prevalences of sarcopenia between the consensuses (EWGSOP2, n = 128, 15.3%; SDOC, n = 105, 12.5%) but with weak agreement (50 of 233 patients, 21.5%; κ = 0.34, 95% CI 0.25-0.43). Agreement was also weak within age categories (≥60 years, κ = 0.34; <60 years, κ = 0.15; both P < 0.001). Of the 51 patients diagnosed by the EWGSOP2 criterion as having severe sarcopenia, all but 1 (98.0%) met the SDOC criterion for sarcopenia (κ = 0.61, 95% CI 0.52-0.70). Low muscle strength was more frequently diagnosed using the SDOC than with the EWGSOP2 (52.3% vs 25.9%). We found a weak agreement between the EWGSOP2 and SDOC consensuses for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients receiving hemodialysis. Although still weak, agreement was marginally better for older patients. These findings highlight the importance of a global and standardized conceptual diagnosis of sarcopenia.

India’s growth in the era of secular stagnation

As one of the world’s fastest-growing and largest economies, India is showing growth momentum while advanced countries have long been suffering from secular stagnation and the recent China’s slowdown is also evident. In the context of the current economic juncture and global integration, this paper attempts to analyze such Indian growth dynamism and factors affecting it. In particular, this paper aims to investigate (1) the degree of synchronization in economic activities between India, the selected advanced countries and China, (2) the transmission channel focusing on trade, with a particular focus on China, and (3) sectoral growth and India’s manufacturing drive. It utilizes exploratory data and correlation analyses. The key finding is, firstly, India’s synchronization with the global economy has been deepening. The growth trend reaffirms the general perception that India exhibits high growth, whereas advanced countries experience continuous low growth. On the other hand, the cyclical growth shows that the Indian economy is experiencing weaknesses as are the advanced countries and Chinese economy. Secondly, India is closely linked with China via trade channels. It aided in deepening the dependency on China rather than promoting domestic production due to the high cost of capital and intermediate goods and lack of technology. Thirdly, the sectoral analysis indicates the weakness of manufacturing sector that is associated with declining investment and the lower profit margin. These findings suggest that India is exposed to both external and domestic weaknesses in driving its economic growth. Under such juncture, it needs careful monitoring whether India will be able to sustain long term growth impetus.

A historical analysis of the banking system and its impact on Greek economy

This paper outlines the critical role of banks in the Greek economy, emphasizing their importance for maintaining stability and fostering financial growth. It traces the historical development of the Greek banking system, examines its current structure, and explores future challenges and opportunities. The paper adopts a historical-analytical approach, beginning with a comprehensive review of the Greek banking system’s evolution. It then delves into four key pillars, regulation, function, accessibility, and societal impact, to provide an in-depth analysis of the banking sector. This method allows for a well-rounded understanding of both the historical context and the current dynamics influencing the Greek financial landscape. The Greek banking system has been a pivotal player in the country’s economic development, especially during periods of recovery and growth. Post-2008, the global financial crisis exposed significant weaknesses in the banking sector, including a prevailing deficit of confidence. Regulatory reforms, while effective in some areas, have left challenges related to accessibility, societal trust, and economic resilience. The need for further reforms, especially in digital banking and transparency, is identified as crucial for long-term stability and growth. Conclusion: Greek banks remain essential to the national economy, yet they face considerable challenges, especially regarding public confidence and systemic risks. Addressing these issues through targeted reforms is vital for creating a more resilient and sustainable future for the Greek banking sector. The paper provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing accessibility to financial services, and fostering societal trust through improved transparency. The recommendations aim to help the Greek banking sector navigate future uncertainties while supporting economic growth.

Unveiling a Surgical Revolution: The Use of Conventional Histology versus Ex Vivo Fusion Confocal Microscopy in Breast Cancer Surgery.

Ex vivo fusion confocal microscopy (EVFCM) enables the rapid examination of breast tissue and has the potential to reduce the surgical margins and the necessity for further surgeries. Traditional methods, such as frozen section analysis, are limited by the distortion of tissue and artefacts, leading to false negatives and the need for additional surgeries. This study on observational diagnostic accuracy evaluated the ability of EVFCM to detect breast cancer. A total of 36 breast tissue samples, comprising 20 non-neoplastic and 16 neoplastic cases, were analysed using EVFCM and compared to the results obtained from routine histopathology. A Mohs surgeon experienced in EVFCM (evaluator A) and two breast pathologists unfamiliar with EVFCM (evaluators B and C) performed blinded analyses. EVFCM showed high concordance with the histopathology and the detection of neoplasia, with significant kappa values (p < 0.001). Evaluator A achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. Evaluators B and C achieved a sensitivity of >87%, a specificity of >94%, positive predictive values of >95%, and negative predictive values of 81% and 94%, respectively. EVFCM therefore offers a promising technique for the assessment of margins in breast-conserving surgery. Its widespread adoption could significantly reduce re-excisions, lower healthcare costs, and improve cosmetic and oncological outcomes.

Frozen Section Analysis of Sentinel Nodes in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Frozen section (FS) analysis of sentinel nodes offers potential on-table diagnosis and treatment for occult metastasis in oral squamous cell cancer. Systematic analysis of FS during sentinel node biopsy has not been illuminated in the literature. To systematically review pooled data from studies using FS analysis in evaluating sentinel nodes in patients with cT1-T2 N0 oral squamous cell cancer. An academic librarian led the search of CENTRAL, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and MEDLINE for studies published in English between January 2000 and January 2023. Two authors independently screened cohort studies, case series, and randomized clinical trials, in which FS analysis was used to evaluate sentinel nodes in patients with cT1-T2 N0 oral squamous cell cancer. Data were extracted by 2 reviewers. Reporting quality was estimated using the Diagnostic Precision Study Quality Assessment Tool. Data analysis was performed between April and July 2023, and the meta-analysis was completed using the bivariate random-effects model. The primary outcome was the pooled sensitivity of FS sentinel node analysis. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the FS technique, rate of occult metastasis, false-negative rate, and survival. Seventeen articles with 878 patients met the eligibility criteria. Although protocols varied, confirmatory serial step sectioning was performed in all studies. Occult metastasis was found in 263 of 878 patients (30%), and FS analysis identified 173 cases (65.8%). Following serial sectioning, an additional 90 positive results were identified, leading to 47 patients undergoing staged completion neck dissection. The pooled sensitivity of FS was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.60-0.80), the diagnostic odds ratio was 110, and the false-negative rate was 34.2%. The Cochrane Q value was 15.62 (df = 16; P = .48) and τ2 = 0.36. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, evaluated studies showed various techniques, in which pooled sensitivity reached 0.71, providing a benchmark for comparison to other 1-stop approaches. Due to the high false-negative rate of approximately one-third of patients, intraoperative FS must always be supplemented by serial sectioning. On-table diagnosis remains a key objective for sentinel node biopsy, and FS detection may be improved by standardizing protocols.

A joint Cournot equilibrium model for the hydrogen and electricity markets

Hydrogen production through renewable energy-powered electrolysis is pivotal for fostering a sustainable future hydrogen market. In the electricity sector, hydrogen production bears an additional demand that affects electricity price, and mathematical models are needed for the joint simulation, analysis, and planning of electricity and hydrogen sectors. This study develops a Cournot and a perfect competition model to analyze the links of the electricity and hydrogen sectors. In contrast to other solving methods approaches, the Cournot model is solved by convex reformulation techniques, substantially easing the resolution. The case studies, focusing on the Iberian Peninsula, demonstrate the region's potential for competitive hydrogen production, and the advantages of perfect competition to maximize the use of renewable energies, in contrast to Cournot's oligopoly, where the exercise of market power raises electricity prices. Sensitivity analyses highlight the importance of strategic decision-making in mitigating market inefficiencies, with valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Transport Sector in Narayanganj City: Existing Scenario and Way Forward

This study examines transportation issues in Narayanganj City Corporation, one of the densely populated cities in Bangladesh. It examines the Chashara intersection which is a major intersection within the city, suffers from ever worsening traffic and poor infrastructure. Using qualitative research methods, information was obtained through field surveys, observation as well as four focus group discussions with residents aged 20-50 years mainly students, urban dwellers experts. Some of the problems that emerged from the study include poor traffic control, limited road construction and maintenance. The findings also highlight significant challenges, including poor traffic management, insufficient road networks, and inefficient regulation of transport services, notably the prevalence of auto-rickshaws contributing to the congestion. The study identifies the Chashara intersection as a critical area requiring urgent intervention. Proposed solutions emphasize the introduction of alternative routes to alleviate bottlenecks, stricter regulation of auto-rickshaw operations, and the implementation of congestion pricing mechanisms to manage traffic flow. These recommendations aim to provide a strategic framework for improving urban mobility and ensuring sustainable development in the transportation sector of Narayanganj. The need for immediate, coordinated efforts from local authorities and urban planners is underscored, as addressing these issues is essential for enhancing the city’s livability and accommodating future growth.

Strategic Categorization of Dairy Cow Farms in Croatia using Cluster Analysis

Abstract Background The milk processing sector in the Republic of Croatia faces numerous challenges. It is a distinctly bipolar structure, with some entities resembling the largest milk producers in the EU, while many small and medium-sized dairy farms struggle to remain competitive and achieve further progress. To formulate effective policy, it is important to differentiate between these types and address their key challenges. Objectives The aim is to find the most representative solution that will help us define typical dairy farms and upgrade a SiTFarm tool (Slovenian Typical Farm Model), enabling us to assess the situation in Croatia comprehensively. Methods/Approach Cluster analysis was conducted using empirical data obtained from the Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food. The analysis involved applying both hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering techniques. Results Two cluster analysis scenarios are presented, differing in the variables used. In each scenario, 16 relatively homogeneous clusters of farms were obtained. Diversity was minimized within these clusters, and they effectively explain the dairy business in Croatia. Conclusions The results of this analysis thus represent an important starting point for further analysis of the dairy sector in Croatia. These findings could help policymakers identify the types of farms that would benefit most from targeted investments to enhance efficiency, economic viability, and environmental sustainability.

Do election results resolve economic uncertainty? Evidence from Indian election 2024

We examine the immediate short-term effects of the election results using event study analysis on 1546 NSE-listed firms and find significant adverse market reactions around the counting day. However, the market recovers with expectations of a stable government. Sectoral analysis showed varied recovery across sectors. Cross-sectional analysis indicates that larger firms and those with better fundamentals manage uncertainties better, while volatile and highly-priced stocks suffer more. The findings theoretically contribute to the semi-strong form of the efficient market and uncertain information hypotheses.

The underlying mechanism of single and co-infection of DIV1 and WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei

Viral diseases are one of the important factors restricting the shrimp industry. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are the two most harmful viruses to shrimp. DIV1 and WSSV were found to be carried and infected simultaneously in several samples of cultured and wild shrimps. In this study, the co-infection model of DIV1 and WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei was constructed by TaqMan probe quantitative detection (qPCR), intestinal section, and transcriptome analysis. Our study also evaluated the virulence of the virus by calculating LC50 and detected the replication rates of DIV1 and WSSV at 7-time points and 2 tissues in L. vannamei by qPCR. As a result, DIV1 and WSSV could infect L. vannamei singly or co-infect L. vannamei. DIV1 replicated the fastest, at 12–16 h post-injection (hpi). The WSSV virus replicates the fastest 20–24 hpi. In different tissues, the amount of DIV1 carried by blood cells is higher than that in muscle, while WSSV is the opposite. In addition, the intestinal responses of DIV1 and WSSV single and co-infection of L. vannamei were explored using the RNA-Seq platform and bioinformatics analysis, and the differential expressed genes (DEGs) screened by comparison were as follows: there were significant differences in DEGs between the PBS group and the three virus infection groups, and there were differences in DEGs between the PBS group and single virus infection groups (the DIV1 group and the WSSV group), but there was no significant difference in the DEGs between the 2 single virus infection groups, and the Combine-infected group, especially, the DEGs between the WSSV group and the Combine-infected group were only 39. According to the above conclusions, it can be inferred that WSSV plays a major role in co-infection. In addition, pathways related to vitamin metabolism were significantly enriched in the viral infection group compared to the PBS group. Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, a hallmark of the Warburg effect, is also significantly enriched after viral infection. In this study, the co-infection phenomenon of DIV1 and WSSV was found for the first time in L. vannamei, which provided a new idea for developing and screening molecular markers for new strains resistant to complex viruses in L. vannamei.

Flexural cracking behavior of steel-NC-UHPC composite beam under negative bending moment

Steel-concrete structures are widely applied in bridge engineering due to their superior mechanical performance and cost-effectiveness. However, normal concrete (NC) decks often suffer cracking problems, adversely affecting their serviceability. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) can be used to partially replace the top of NC decks to enhance their post-cracking behavior because UHPC shows high tensile strength, strain-hardening characteristics in tension, and strong bond strength with NC. To this end, this paper focused on the flexural behavior of steel-NC-UHPC composite beams regarding their failure mode, stiffness, strain development, cracking behavior, crack width, etc. Test results indicated that the test specimens mainly exhibited two types of failure modes: shear failure of the NC layer and local buckling of the compressive flange at the steel girder, which were mainly determined by the reinforcement ratio. Flexural stiffness was controlled by the steel girder, and the reinforcement ratio had a notable effect on the reinforcement strain and crack propagation. Additionally, cracks can be categorized into three types: through cracks, connecting cracks, and separate cracks. These cracks in the UHPC layer and NC layer would affect each other, especially those near the roughening interface. The sectional nonlinear analysis was employed to calculate the strain of reinforcement and the steel girder accurately. Finally, the prediction methods of crack width for the NC layer and UHPC layer were discussed. Formulas in NF P18–710 were verified to be feasible for the prediction of UHPC crack width. The UHPC influence factor was introduced to modify the calculation results of the NC crack width by the Chinese NC code.

Rapid detection of mouse spermatogenic defects by testicular cellular composition analysis via enhanced deep learning model.

Histological analysis of the testicular sections is paramount in infertility research but tedious and often requires months of training and practice. Establish an expeditious histopathological analysis of mutant mice testicular sections stained with commonly available hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) via enhanced deep learning model MATERIALS AND METHODS: Automated segmentation and cellular composition analysis on the testes of six mouse reproductive mutants of key reproductive gene family, DAZ and PUMILIO gene family via H&E-stained mouse testicular sections. We improved the deep learning model with human interaction to achieve better pixel accuracy and reduced annotation time for histologists; revealed distinctive cell composition features consistent with previously published phenotypes for four mutants and novel spermatogenic defects in two newly generated mutants; established a fast spermatogenic defect detection protocol for quantitative and qualitative assessment of testicular defects within 2.5-3h, requiring as few as 8 H&E-stained testis sections; uncovered novel defects in AcDKO and a meiotic arrest defect in HDBKO, supporting the synergistic interaction of Sertoli Pum1 and Pum2 as well as redundant meiotic function of Dazl and Boule. Our testicular compositional analysis not only could reveal spermatogenic defects from staged seminiferous tubules but also from unstaged seminiferous tubule sections. Our SCSD-Net model offers a rapid protocol for detecting reproductive defects from H&E-stained testicular sections in as few as 3h, providing both quantitative and qualitative assessments of spermatogenic defects. Our analysis uncovered evidence supporting the synergistic interaction of Sertoli PUM1 and PUM2 in maintaining average testis size, and redundant roles of DAZ family proteins DAZL and BOULE in meiosis.