Safety Analysis Research Articles

Improving implementation of occupational health and safety of construction company by Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method (study case at PT Arto Moro Sentosa)

The construction sector is a sector that employs many people who have high risk of work accidents, because a lot of work in this sector is possibility carried out by unsafe actions or unsafe conditions. PT. Arto Moro Sentosa is company which operates in general trading, general construction, suppliers, outsourcing, etc., is aware that the business has a high risk of work accidents. The lack of employee awareness will have an impact on the magnitude of the risks that must be borne by the worker and the company. The purpose of this research is determining work accident records for the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) system, employee risks, and existing improvements at company. By knowing the classification of hazards based on the type of accident, this research uses the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method, histograms, Pareto diagrams, and cause-and-effect (fish bone) diagrams. Based on the author's observations, company data related to OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) and interviews with the directors, could be obtained a history of work accidents based on the type of accident. Here are ergonomic work accidents (57.89%), physical factor accidents ( 31.58%), chemical factor accidents (5.26%), biological factor accidents (5.26%), and psychological factor accidents (0%). Several recommendation is performed to avoid repeated accident by providing training programs on OHS to workers, paying more attention to OHS supervision, giving sanctions to workers who violate OHS.

Analysis of safety and impact probability of subsea Christmas tree impacted by falling objects

At present, there is no clear data to analyze the probability and impact of falling objects on the subsea Christmas tree. However, during the long-term operation in the complex deep-sea environment, objects may fall and hit the tree due to the anchored platform, fishing boat operation or other reasons, the impact of large heavy objects onto the tree can potentially give rise to the development of internal forces higher than those for which the tree was designed to. Therefore, aiming at the risk problem of falling objects, the paper presents the development process and results of an improved impact probability numerical method. And the safety model of falling object impact on the tree is established. Preliminary results indicate that the method offers valuable insight including and beyond a probability estimation of third-party damage, and the safety results were obtained. At the same time, the influencing factors of the tree impacted by falling objects are analyzed, and the serious influencing factors are obtained, which provides theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the protection frame of subsea square equipment.

Критичність паливовмісних матеріалів в об'єкті "Укриття"

The article presents the results of the analysis of the validity of simplifications and assumptions accepted by researchers in the models of neutron-physical characteristics of fuel-containing materials (FCM) in the "Shelter" object (SO). The analysis and substantiation of the FCM nuclear safety will be one of the important issues during the SO operation for a long time, until the moment of retrieval and disposal of nuclear materials from the ChNPP Unit 4 destroyed in 1986. A significant number of nuclear materials in the SO are uncontrolled, and the geometry of their location is also little known. Therefore, the use of traditional methods of nuclear safety analysis to determine the conditions for reaching criticality in the volume of FCM can lead to significant uncertainties, depending on the assumptions and simplifications made in FCM models. In contrast to traditional nuclear facilities with design characteristics and control systems, there is no possibility to deterministically influence the FCM, and accordingly to determine their dynamic characteristics in the SO. In such conditions, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to obtain and interpret the values of FCM parameters by control systems of the SO. For example, in 1990, one of the neutron flux detectors recorded an abnormal change in the neutron pulse count rate for about 100 hours. This event is often called a “neutron incident”, and it formed the basis of some models, in which the possibility of reaching criticality in one of the FCM clusters is assumed. The article presents the results of the study on the physical possibility of the anomalous event in 1990, as well as the results of the analysis of simplifications and assumptions made in models of FCM criticality. An important result of the conducted research is the justification of the need to include in the FCM criticality model the effects of reactivity on fuel and water temperature, as well as to take into account delayed neutrons.

CausalOps — Towards an industrial lifecycle for causal probabilistic graphical models

Context:Causal probabilistic graph-based models have gained widespread utility, enabling the modeling of cause-and-effect relationships across diverse domains. With their rising adoption in new areas, such as safety analysis of complex systems, software engineering, and machine learning, the need for an integrated lifecycle framework akin to DevOps and MLOps has emerged. Currently, such a reference for organizations interested in employing causal engineering is missing. This lack of guidance hinders the incorporation and maturation of causal methods in the context of real-life applications. Objective:This work contextualizes causal model usage across different stages and stakeholders and outlines a holistic view of creating and maintaining them within the process landscape of an organization. Methods:A novel lifecycle framework for causal model development and application called CausalOps is proposed. By defining key entities, dependencies, and intermediate artifacts generated during causal engineering, a consistent vocabulary and workflow model to guide organizations in adopting causal methods are established. Results:Based on the early adoption of the discussed methodology to a real-life problem within the automotive domain, an experience report underlining the practicability and challenges of the proposed approach is discussed. Conclusion:It is concluded that besides current technical advancements in various aspects of causal engineering, an overarching lifecycle framework that integrates these methods into organizational practices is missing. Although diverse skills from adjacent disciplines are widely available, guidance on how to transfer these assets into causality-driven practices still need to be addressed in the published literature. CausalOps’ aim is to set a baseline for the adoption of causal methods in practical applications within interested organizations and the causality community.

Geomechanical Characterization of a Brazilian Experimental Site: Testing, Interpretation, and Material Properties

Clarity in monitoring existing foundation structures demands innovative safety analysis methodologies for deep foundations, necessitating advanced models calibrated with real-world field parameters. Understanding controlled conditions, including geotechnical profiles, seismic attributes, and soil mechanics, is crucial. A dedicated research group at the University of São Paulo spent three years refining these conditions, characterizing an experimental field along a canal in São Paulo. This study pioneers geotechnical and geomechanical characterization of the region’s tertiary sediments in São Paulo, offering valuable insights for current and future applications. Standard penetration tests with torque (SPT-Torque), piezocone tests (CPTu), and measurement of wave velocity (Vs) with piezocone tests (S-CPTu) were carried out. The exploration of the subsoil shows that in up to 2 m of excavation, there are clays and silts, and in up to 25 m, there is a significant layer of compact fine sand that has high values of tip resistance and wave velocities more significant than 100 m/s. In the electric cone tests, the abacus used displayed a reasonable classification. All propositions identified the transition from the surface soil to the sandy soil at between 3 and 25 m. The soil classification values were obtained with the data of the field parameters, and the geotechnical and mechanical parameters were estimated. No differences were detected among the values found in the SPT-T and CPTu tests for the values obtained via cone resistance. This demonstrates the reliability of both methods. In addition, using the CPTu test to identify the stratigraphic profile horizons employing the soil’s mechanical behavior when the cone is driven proved appropriate.

Analisis Keselamatan dan Risiko pada Pekerjaan Pengembangan Kilang Minyak dan Petrokimia dengan Metode JSA

Working at heights poses serious risks, including accidents and fatal injuries.Workers may also experience psychological stress and the physical and mental health impacts due to environmental conditions or psychological pressure. Restricted movement, difficulties in evacuation, and the use of safety equipment are also issues that require the implementation of effective safety measures and adequate training. This research aims to identify hazards through Job Safety Analysis (JSA) using descriptive analytical methods and field observations. The collected data is used as a basis to formulate control measures to prevent accidents or minimize risks. The results of the analysis of those activities serve as safety guidelines/procedures for all work activities.

A randomized, double-blind, parallel and placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KaraCalm™: a dietary supplement to support sleep and manage stress

Background: KaraCalm™ is a novel polyherbal formulation obtained from the combination of Valeriana officinalis extract, Passiflora incarnata extract, Ocimum sanctum extract, Ziziphus jujuba extract, Rosmarinus officinalis extract, and Nigella sativa extract. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy and safety of KaraCalm™ to manage stress and improve sleep in healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Methods: A total of 60 healthy volunteers were randomized into two groups, with 30 subjects in the KaraCalm™ group and 30 in the placebo group. Participants were asked to take KaraCalm™ 500 mg or placebo once daily for 56 days. As primary outcomes, sleep analysis was performed by using Actiwatch, while stress level was evaluated with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores from baseline to the end of the study period. Serum cortisol, and hs-CRP from baseline to the end of the study period were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: An increase in overall sleep quality was observed in the KaraCalm™ group compared to the placebo as measured by total sleep time, onset latency, wake after sleep onset minutes, and number of awakenings. There was also a reduction in PSS scores in the KaraCalm™ group from baseline to the end of the study, indicating reduced stress levels. A significant reduction in Serum cortisol and hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the KaraCalm™ group from baseline to the end of the study further supported the effectiveness of KaraCalm™ in reducing stress. There was no significant change in the safety analyses of the patients in the intervention group when assessed from the start of the study to the end. Conclusions: KaraCalm™ can be considered a safe and effective dietary herbal Supplement to reduce stress and improve sleep quality.

A Bibliometric and Scientometric Network Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health in the Electric Power Industry: Future Implication of Digital Pathways

(1) Background: The demand for electricity in rural and urban areas has given rise to numerous related industries, resulting in perilous working conditions and a significant number of safety accidents for workers. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on improving occupational safety and health in the electric power industry. However, the lack of a systematic review or the integration of disaggregated studies has hindered our understanding of the state of the development of this research field. This study aims to provide bibliometric and scientometric network analyses and explore the untapped potential of digital pathways. (2) Methods: A bibliometric analysis focused on the research cooperation, author keywords, and journal co-citation patterns of studies was carried out, while a temporal trend analysis was employed to identify topical focuses and trends for further research on the occupational safety and health of electrical workers. Papers were searched for across three databases, namely Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Using “occupational safety and health” and “electric power industry” as keywords, the articles published from 1991 to 2022 were retrieved. (3) Results: A total of 608 articles published from 1991 to 2022 were collected for the bibliometric analysis. Four clusters were successfully recognized in the search results after adopting the process of cluster analysis based on a total of 608 articles. As for the countries, most of the publications and citations came from the United States. The most frequent keywords were safety, exposure assessment, electrocution, and electrical injury. (4) Conclusions: This is the first study to highlight occupational safety and health in the electric power industry and provides valuable insights into the knowledge structure, emerging trends, and future directions through the lens of digital pathways. This study sheds light on the importance of digital pathways in enhancing occupational safety and health practices within the industry. The findings contribute to the fields of occupational safety management and health promotion, providing a foundation for future research and interventions aimed at improving safety conditions and promoting the well-being of personnel in the electric power industry.

Exploring road safety using alignment perspective features in real driving images: A case study on mountain freeways.

While driving, drivers frequently adapt their driving behaviors according to their perception of the road's alignment features. However, traditional two-dimensional alignment methods lack the ability to capture these features from the driver's perspective. This study introduces a novel method for road alignment recognition, employing image recognition technology to extract alignment perspective features, namely alignment perspective skewness (APS) and alignment perspective kurtosis (APK), from in-real driving images. Subsequently, the K-means clustering algorithm is utilized for road segment classification based on APS and APK indicators. Various sliding step length for clustering are employed, with step length ranging from 100m to 400m. Furthermore, the accident rates for different segment clusters are analyzed to explore the relationship between alignment perspective features and traffic safety. A 150 km mountain road section of the Erlianhaote-Guangzhou freewway from Huaiji to Sihui is selected as a case study. The results demonstrate that using alignment perspective features as classification criteria produces favorable clustering outcomes, with superior clustering performance achieved using shorter segment lengths and fewer cluster centers. The road segment classification based on alignment perspective features reveals notable differences in accident rates across categories; while traditional two-dimensional parameters-based classification methods fail to capture these differences. The most significant differences in accident rates across categories are observed with segment length of 100m, with the significance gradually diminishing as segment length increases and disappearing entirely when the length exceeds 300m. These findings validate the reliability of using alignment perspective features (APS and APK) for road alignment classification and road safety analysis, providing valuable insights for road safety management.

Comparative analysis of effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes of proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) vs. endotracheal tube (ETT) in laparoscopic surgeries

Comparative analysis of effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes of proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) vs. endotracheal tube (ETT) in laparoscopic surgeries

Comparative analysis of effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes of proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) vs. endotracheal tube (ETT) in laparoscopic surgeries

Comparative analysis of effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes of proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) vs. endotracheal tube (ETT) in laparoscopic surgeries

Study of the effect of sodium 2-((4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)- 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate toxic doses on rats heart tissue

Analysis of medicinal product safety is an important stage on the way to the entry of a synthetic compound into the pharmaceutical market. Along with the study of blood composition, scientists are actively analyzing the effect of toxic doses on the tissues of internal organs. Analyzing the toxic effect of compounds on heart tissue allows us to find out what damage substances can cause, which can have a direct impact on human health. Today, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are very relevant and a huge number of publications is a confirmation of this. The aim of the work was to analyze the effect of toxic doses of sodium 2-((4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate on rats heart tissue. Materials and methods. Sodium 2-((4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate (ASP) was selected as the subject of investigation and administered intragastrically in the form of a suspension with purified water using a specialized metal probe. The toxic effect on tissues was analyzed using doses of 1000 mg/kg, which is 10 times higher than a single dose typically used in pharmacological activity studies, and 5000 mg/kg, which represents the limit for determining acute toxicity and the maximum dose within the fourth class of toxicity, considering the route of administration, provided that this dose does not result in the death of the animal. Analysis of the effect of toxic doses of ASP was performed on 12-month-old purebred male rats kept under standard conditions. Rat heart tissues were fixed for further histological examination in a 10 % formaldehyde solution, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing strength, and embedded in paraffin. Results. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of rat heart tissue was carried out. The research shows the histological results of deviations from the norm for a group of rats that were injected with substances in the studied doses. Conclusions. The effect of toxic doses of ASP on rat heart tissue was analyzed. For a dose of 1000 mg/kg, local signs of protein dystrophy of cardiomyocytes and single loci of hemorrhages are observed. As for the dose of 5000 mg/kg, the effect of the substance on the heart tissue is more profound and is determined by the selective damage of cardiomyocytes with the loss of lumbar striation and the acquisition of a wave-like shape, full blood is observed in the ectasized capillaries.

Daridorexant for patients with chronic insomnia disorder: number needed to treat, number needed to harm, and likelihood to be helped or harmed

ABSTRACT Objectives Appraise the evidence for daridorexant 50 mg and 25 mg versus placebo when treating chronic insomnia disorder in terms of number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH). Methods NNT, NNH, and LHH were calculated from a 3-month pivotal Phase 3 study (N = 930; randomized 1:1:1 to daridorexant 50 mg, daridorexant 25 mg, or placebo once nightly). Wakefulness after sleep onset, latency to persistent sleep, self-reported total sleep time, Insomnia Daytime Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire (IDSIQ), and Insomnia Severity Index were used for the NNT efficacy analysis. NNH safety analysis was performed using rates of adverse events (AEs) occurring in >1% of the participants in any arm. LHH was assessed for all NNT estimates, contrasting them with NNH estimates for somnolence, headache, and fatigue AEs. Results NNT estimates for daridorexant 50 mg versus placebo were <10 for clinically meaningful thresholds across all outcomes. NNT estimates for daridorexant 25 mg versus placebo were not as robust as those observed for daridorexant 50 mg, with many values exceeding 10. NNH estimates for daridorexant 50 mg and 25 mg versus placebo did not show a statistically significant treatment difference except for falls, where NNH was negative for the daridorexant 50 mg group (−44 [95% CI −328; −21]; rate of falls was greater with placebo than for daridorexant 50 mg). All LHH ratios at Months 1 and 3 were >1 (except for daridorexant 25 mg for the IDSIQ alert/cognition domain), indicating that patients were more likely to respond to daridorexant 50 mg and 25 mg than to experience an AE of somnolence, headache, or fatigue. Conclusion Daridorexant 50 mg and 25 mg have a favorable benefit–risk ratio over 3 months. Daridorexant 50 mg demonstrated more robust (lower) NNT estimates versus placebo than daridorexant 25 mg.

"Mapping Potential Hazards: Job Safety Analysis in Lathe Companies"

"Mapping Potential Hazards: Job Safety Analysis in Lathe Companies"

"Mapping Potential Hazards: Job Safety Analysis in Lathe Companies"

"Mapping Potential Hazards: Job Safety Analysis in Lathe Companies"

Time to prerandomization seizure count design sufficiently assessed the safety and tolerability of perampanel for the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Static assignment of participants in randomized clinical trials to placebo or ineffective treatment confers risk from continued seizures. An alternative trial design of time to exceed prerandomization monthly seizure count (T-PSC) has replicated the efficacy conclusions of traditionally designed trials, with shorter exposure to placebo and ineffective treatment. Trials aim to evaluate efficacy as well as safety and tolerability; therefore, we evaluated whether this T-PSC design also could replicate the trial's safety and tolerability conclusions. We retrospectively applied the T-PSC design to analyze treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) from a blinded, placebo-controlled trial of perampanel for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (NCT01393743). The safety analysis set consisted of 81 and 82 participants randomized to perampanel and placebo arms, respectively. We evaluated the incidences of TEAEs, treatment-related TEAEs, serious TEAEs, and TEAEs of special interest that occurred before T-PSC relative to those observed during the full-length trial. Of the 67 and 59 participants who experienced TEAEs in the perampanel and placebo arms during full-length trial, 66 (99%) and 54 (92%) participants experienced TEAEs with onset occurring before T-PSC, respectively. When limited to treatment-related TEAEs, 55 of 56 (98%) and 32 of 37 (86%) participants reported treatment-related TEAEs that occurred before T-PSC in the perampanel and placebo arms, respectively. There were more TEAEs after T-PSC with placebo as compared to perampanel (Fisher exact odds ratio = 8.6, p = .035), which resulted in overestimation of the difference in TEAE rate. There was a numerical reduction in serious TEAEs (3/13 occurred after T-PSC, one in placebo and two in perampanel). Almost all TEAEs occurred before T-PSC. More treatment-related TEAEs occurred after T-PSC for participants randomized to placebo than perampanel, which may be due to either a shorter T-PSC or delayed time to TEAE for placebo.

A Safety and Competitive Analysis of Alcantara Spaceport

A Safety and Competitive Analysis of Alcantara Spaceport

Lorlatinib vs crizotinib in treatment-naïve patients with advanced ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer: 5-year progression-free survival and safety from the CROWN study.

LBA8503 Background: Lorlatinib, a brain-penetrant, 3rd-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and intracranial (IC) activity vs crizotinib in the phase 3 CROWN study in treatment-naïve patients (pts) with advanced ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report long-term efficacy and safety outcomes from the CROWN study after 5 years of follow-up. Methods: 296 treatment-naïve pts with advanced ALK+ NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to receive lorlatinib 100 mg once daily (n = 149) or crizotinib 250 mg twice daily (n = 147). In this post hoc analysis, we present investigator-assessed efficacy outcomes, safety, and biomarker analyses. Formal statistical testing was not performed. Results: As of October 31, 2023, 74 of 149 pts (50%) vs 7 of 142 pts (5%) were still receiving lorlatinib vs crizotinib. With a median duration of follow-up for PFS (95% CI) of 60.2 months (57.4-61.6) in the lorlatinib and 55.1 months (36.8-62.5) in the crizotinib arm, median PFS (95% CI) was not reached (NR; 64.3-NR) with lorlatinib and 9.1 months (7.4-10.9) with crizotinib (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.13-0.27). 5-year PFS (95% CI) was 60% (51-68) with lorlatinib and 8% (3-14) with crizotinib. Median time to IC progression (95% CI) was NR (NR-NR) with lorlatinib and 16.4 months (12.7-21.9) with crizotinib (HR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03-0.12). In pts without baseline brain metastases in the lorlatinib arm, only 4 of 114 developed brain progression, occurring within the first 16 months of treatment. Efficacy outcomes by baseline brain metastases are shown in the Table. Grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 77% of pts with lorlatinib and in 57% of pts with crizotinib. Treatment-related AEs led to treatment discontinuation in 5% and 6% of pts in the lorlatinib and crizotinib arms, respectively. Safety profile was consistent with that observed in prior analyses. Emerging new ALK mutations were not detected in circulating tumor DNA collected at the end of lorlatinib treatment (n = 31). Conclusions: After 5 years of follow up, the median PFS in the lorlatinib arm has yet to be reached, corresponding to the longest PFS ever reported in advanced NSCLC. Coupled with prolonged IC efficacy and absence of new safety signals, these results indicate an unprecedented improvement in outcomes for pts with advanced ALK+ NSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT03052608 . [Table: see text]

A Methodology to Assess Directional and Spatial Variations of Tensile and Fracture Properties in Fabricated Nuclear Components

AbstractIn the present study, directional and spatial variations in the mechanical properties are calculated in two nuclear-grade materials. In practice, multiple ASTM standard specimens are tested to measure mechanical properties of any material. The variations obtained in the properties during the tests are generally neglected assuming such variations are due to experimental uncertainties. However, such variations may indicate some degree of anisotropy and spatial inhomogeneity in the material due to component fabrication. In the present study, multiple miniaturized tensile specimens are tested. These specimen materials are taken across the thickness and at different geometrical locations in the two manufactured nuclear-grade components. The experimental load versus displacement data of all the specimens are then used to evaluate stress-strain data and cohesive zone parameters. These parameters are determined for each tested specimen separately to gather variations over the geometries of the components. Subsequently, TPB specimens are analyzed employing these parameters to calculate variations in fracture initiation toughness over the geometry. The key findings of the present work include higher strengths in circumferential direction in comparison to the longitudinal direction for SA333 Gr6 steel. A new equation is developed to correlate the material toughness with the fracture toughness with a proportionality constant of 2.7778 for low-alloy carbon steels. The study showed that directional and spatial variations in Jini are less pronounced in 20MnMoNi55 compared to SA333Gr6 materials. This finding is crucial for safety analyses in nuclear components and indicates that this methodology can be applied more widely across different materials.

Biotechnological Advances in Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation for Edible Insects: Functionality, Acceptability, and Safety.

This review paper examines biotechnological methods for enhancing edible insects using enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Evaluations involve improving functionality, analyzing consumer acceptability elements, guaranteeing safety and quality, negotiating regulatory frameworks, and suggesting field breakthroughs and applications. Our method comprises a thorough literature analysis and academic database searches for edible insect enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation investigations. Based on gaps in the literature, we investigate edible insect safety, consumer acceptability, and legal and regulatory issues. The results show biotechnological advances in enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation for edible insect functioning. Sensory and cultural aspects affect consumer acceptability. To ensure edible insect product safety, hazards and pollutants are addressed. The legal analysis highlights compliance issues and possibilities. This review shows how enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation improve edible insect functioning, safety, and nutrition. The review includes consumer acceptability dynamics, legal issues, and safety analysis.