Analysis Of Regional Patterns Research Articles

Foehn-like Wind in the Mountains of Southeastern Brazil as Seen by the Eta Model Simulation

Abstract The present study gives evidence of the occurrence of foehn-like wind on the eastern slopes of the mountains at Southeastern Brazil. A particular case was detected based on observational evidence on 4 July 2015 near the city of Cruzeiro, state of Sao Paulo, on the Serra da Mantiqueira mountains. Results obtained from numerical simulations are consistent with the foehn wind occurrence deducted from the analysis of regional patterns and time series of selected meteorological parameters.

Recent disruptions in the timing and intensity of precipitation in Calakmul, Mexico

This study addresses changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation from 1982 to 2016 from three meteorological stations around Calakmul, Mexico, a landscape balancing biodiversity conservation and smallholder agricultural production. Five methods were used to assess changes in precipitation: the Mann-Kendall test of annual and wet season trends; a fuzzy-logic approach to determine the onset of the rainy season; the Gini Index and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) to evaluate the temporal distribution of precipitation; Simple Precipitation Intensity Index (SDII) to evaluate precipitation intensity; and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) to identify the deficit or surplus of rainfall compared with the long-term mean. Overall, rainfall trends in Calakmul over this period indicate a slight increase, though results of the indices (Gini, SDII, PCI) all indicate that rainfall has become more intense and more unevenly distributed throughout the year. There was no significant trend in the onset date of rainfall or the RAI overall, though there were more pronounced crests and troughs from 2004 to 2016. Higher interannual variability and more pronounced rainfall anomalies, both positive and negative, suggest that rainfall in the Calakmul region has become more extreme. This research informs for management and livelihood strategies in the local region and offers insights for analyses of regional patterns of seasonal precipitation events in tropical landscapes worldwide.

A geographical analysis of gender inequality in literacy among Muslims of West Bengal, India (2001–2011)

Muslim community is a socio-economically backward section in Indian states wherein gender inequality in literacy is a highlighting problem. This manuscript is a modest attempt to analyse geographical organization of Muslims’ gender inequality in literacy rate covering the districts of West Bengal. The objectives of this study are to measure the degree of gender inequality in literacy rate of Muslims in opposition of total population following by analysis of regional pattern during 2001–2011; to present a comparative study between Muslim and non-Muslim female literacy in West Bengal; and to identify the determinant factors responsible for low Muslim female literacy rate in West Bengal. The data for this study has been collected from Census of India concerning religion and sex wise database (2001 and 2011) and Indiastat. Coefficient of equality is adopted to draw the degree of gender inequality while GIS tool ArcMap is used for portraying regional organization. The findings reveal that gender inequality in Muslim literacy rate has reduced significantly in most of the districts of this state and the rate of reduction in Muslim majority districts is higher than other districts; and Muslim female literacy rate in majority of the districts dominates on non-Muslim female literacy rate in 2011. Although there is a trend of reduction in gender inequality in West Bengal, equality in literacy should be the prime focus to policy makers for sustainable development of future generations.

A Geographical Analysis of Regional Pattern of Literacy in Haryana

Haryana is a relatively considered to be a well developed State but it is matter of concern that the social indices are quite low. In terms of literacy rate, the State is ranked 20th in the country. The present paper is an attempt to analyse the spatial variations in the literacy rate in state of Haryana. The study is based on secondary source of data obtained from Census of India, 2011 and 2001. For this purpose, the paper considers the total population, literacy rates for districts and tahsils of Haryana as per census 2001 and 2011. This paper concludes that literacy rate in Haryana increased to 75.6% as per 2011 census. The maximum literacy rate has been found in the district of Gurgaon (84.7%) and the lowest in district of Mewat (54.1%). There is also improvement sign in male-female literacy rate.

Su1313 Crohn's Disease “Hotspotting”: Analysis of Regional Patterns of Admission and Readmission to Identify Clinical Factors Associated With “Superutilizer” Patient Behavior

Su1313 Crohn's Disease “Hotspotting”: Analysis of Regional Patterns of Admission and Readmission to Identify Clinical Factors Associated With “Superutilizer” Patient Behavior

Russia's Muslims and Electoral Participation: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Patterns

This article examines the impact of Muslim minorities upon the modes of regional electoral politics in Russia. In particular, the interweaving of ethnic and religious aspects proved to be a significant factor in electoral mobilization, determining the levels of electoral activity and success. At the same time, a significant variation observed between the cases of Ulyanovsk and Astrakhan provinces turned out to be impossible to explain without using the characteristics of regional political regimes as explanatory variables. This led to the development of a multifactor model of ethnic Muslim activism. The model starts with the external factors of the political context, and then incorporates factors directly related to ethnicity and religion. The categorization of regional political regimes follows the general distinction between the consensual and conflictual types as developed by Arend Lijphart. The analysis demonstrates that the latter type impairs the conventional political participation and legislative representation of Russia's ethnic Muslims.

World Trade Logics and Measure of Global Inequality: Regional Pattern and Globalization Evolution between 2003-2012

The economy is globalizing. But how are the different economic world regions performing regarding globalization of trade flows? Why are they performing differently? Globalization is not only the increase of international trade between certain preferential geographic areas of economy, but also the resulting increase of interweavement of trade flows between different geographical areas, independent of the amount of trade. This paper is a revised and expanded version of the paper entitled “World Trade and Associated Systems Risk of Global Inequality: Empiric Study of Globalization Evolution between 2003-2011 and Regional Pattern Analysis” presented at International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE2013), Istanbul, 27-29 June, 2013. This paper analyzes the evolution of world trade flows between 2003-2012 and performs a cross-section analysis of the year 2012. The economic interweavement will be measured by an inequality risk metric applied to the supply-demand matrix. This risk indicator is based on the concept of statistical entropy resulting in an inequality risk measure, giving an indication for the degree of economic globalization and the evolution of globalization in different geographical regions. In addition, it analyses the governing rational of globalization evolution. The result of this research shows that economic trade flows are globalizing, but with clear different regional patterns, not only between globalizing and de-globalizing regions, but also within the globalizing and de-globalizing regions itself. The emerging economies such as China or the Middle East are globalizing whereas mature economies such as North America and Europe are de-globalizing, confirming for globalization of the inverse Kuznets evolution. The different patterns between the different economic world regions can be explained by using the Globalization Type’s Model as well as the Central Theorem of Globalization.

World Trade and Associated Systems Risk of Global Inequality: Empirical Study of Globalization Evolution between 2003-2011 and Regional Pattern Analysis

The economy is globalizing. But how are the different economic world regions performing regarding globalization of trade flows? Why are they performing differently? Globalization is not only the increase of international trade between certain preferential geographic areas of economy, but also the resulting increase of interweavement of trade flows between different geographical areas, independent of the amount of trade.This paper analyzes the world trade flows between 2003 and 2011 and performs a cross-section analysis of the year 2011. The economic interweavement will be measured by an inequality risk metric applied to the supply-demand matrix. This risk indicator is based on the concept of statistical entropy resulting in an inequality risk measure, giving an indication for the degree of economic globalization and the evolution of globalization in different geographical regions.The result of this research shows that economic trade flows are globalizing but with clear different regional patterns. Indeed, the emerging economies such as China or the Middle East are globalizing whereas mature economies such as North America and Europe are de-globalizing, confirming for globalization the inverse Kuznets evolution. The different patterns between the different economic world regions can be explained by using the globalization type's model.

The influence of programme differences on crime reduction in opioid maintenance treatment. An analysis of regional patterns in Norway

Aims: Design: Official national criminal records were cross linked with all patients who started opioid maintenance treatment in Norway from 1997-2003 (n=3221), including patients from four different health regions in Norway; the Eastern region (n=1717), the Southern region (n=751), the Western region (n=586) and the Central-Northern region (n=167). Patients in each region were divided into separate groups according to whether they were retained or not retained in continuous treatment.Findings: During opioid maintenance treatment, patients in all four treatment regions had a considerable reduction in criminal convictions compared to pre-treatment levels. Criminal convictions during treatment were associated with retention in treatment. Among patients in continuous treatment, significant differences were found in levels of criminal convictions among the four treatment regions during treatment. Compared to patients in the Eastern region, patients in the Southern and the Central-Northern region had respectively 44 and 81 percent less criminal convictions during treatment, and patients in the Western region had 60 percent more convictions. For patients not in continuous treatment, no statistically significant differences were found between the four regions during treatment.Conclusions: Differences in criminal convictions during treatment may be related to regional differences in treatment practice within the national OMT system. In all regions, criminal convictions during OMT were higher for patients dropping out of treatment. It is suggested that clinical staff should offer more support to patients at risk of dropping out of treatment.Background: Reduced criminal activity is an important outcome for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT).

Stall in fertility decline in Eastern African countries: regional analysis of patterns, determinants and implications

We use data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to examine the patterns of stall in fertility decline in four Eastern African countries. Contrary to patterns of fertility transition in Africa that cut across various socio-economic and geographical groups within countries, we find strong selectivity of fertility stall across different groups and regions in all four countries. In both Kenya and Tanzania where fertility decline has stalled at the national level, it continued to decline among the most educated women and in some regions. While fertility has remained at pre-transition level in Uganda over the past 20 years, there are signs of decline with specific groups of women (especially the most educated, urban and those in the Eastern region) taking the lead. For Zimbabwe, although fertility has continued to decline at the national level, stall is observed among women with less than secondary education and those in some of the regions. We link these intra-country variations to differential changes in socio-economic variables, family planning programme environment and reproductive behaviour models. The results suggest that declines in contraceptive use, increases in unmet need for family planning, increasing preferences for larger families, and increases in adolescent fertility were consistently associated with stalls in subgroup fertility across all four countries. These results are consistent with models that emphasize the role of declines in national and international commitments to family planning programmes in the premature stall in sub-Saharan fertility transition.

Progress in the Middle East

A modest but potentially significant increase in human rights and democratic freedoms in the countries of the Arab Middle East was the most notable development in the state of world freedom during 2005. This is the principal finding of Freedom in the World 2006, the index of global political rights and civil liberties issued annually by Freedom House. Globally, the state of freedom worldwide showed a slight net improvement from 2004 to 2005. An analysis of regional patterns indicates that the Middle East and North Africa continue to lag behind other world regions when overall levels of freedom are measured.

The analysis of regional patterns in health data. I. Distributional considerations.

Regional patterns of health data such as cancer incidence rates are often examined for evidence of environmental effects. In this paper, three measures of spatial clustering are evaluated for use with epidemiologic data. In particular, the effects of variation in regional population structure on the distribution of these measures is considered. It is shown that substantial bias occurs if variation in regional population size is ignored (as has occurred in previous analyses). On the other hand, the methods are robust to small case frequencies and to variation in the regional age distribution. It is recommended that these regional differences be routinely taken into account, which can be done with relatively little additional computation. A companion paper (Walter SD. The analysis of regional patterns in health data. II. The power to detect environmental effects.

The analysis of regional patterns in health data. II. The power to detect environmental effects.

Three measures of spatial clustering (Moran's I, Geary's c, and a rank adjacency statistic, D) were evaluated for their power to detect regional patterns in health data. The patterns represented various environmental effects: a latitude gradient; residence near a contaminated water supply; disease "hot spots"; relation to socioeconomic status and urbanization; and general spatial autocorrelation. While the methods had high power to detect certain patterns, they were also affected by factors such as the shape of the map, its regional structure, and the spatial distribution of explanatory variables. The power was sometimes low, even for strong geographic trends, particularly for D. Moran's I had the highest power most often. We conclude that use of these methods requires careful specification of the anticipated geographic pattern and awareness of idiosyncratic effects in the study of particular maps.

Corruption and Political Culture in America: An Empirical Perspective*

Political culture helps define the boundaries of permissible political action. Thus, it should affect the amounts and types of political corruption occurring in political systems, as well as responses to corruption when it is discovered. This article compares the distribution of corruption convictions among federal judicial districts over a three-year period to social and political characteristics of the districts, and to scaled measures of Elazar's moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic political subcultures. Nationally, strong moralistic subcultures and high voter turnouts are associated with numerous convictions, both before and after district population is controlled. Analysis of regional patterns reveals a different model in the South, however, one suggesting ideas about the dynamics of traditionalistic politics. Corruption, and the impact of federal laws against it, are best understood within their political and cultural settings.

Elements of Spatial Structure: A Quantitative Approach.

1. Introduction Part I. Static Aspects of Regional Structure: 2. Regions as combinatorial structures 3. Regions as ordered series 4. Regions as surfaces Part II. Dynamic Aspects of Regional Structure: 5. Spatial comparison of time series: a framework 6. Spatial comparison of time series: I. Contagious processes 7. Spatial comparison of time series: II. Unemployment in South-West England Part III. Autocorrelation and Forecasting: 8. Spatial autocorrelation 9. The analysis of regional patterns by nearest-neighbour methods 10. Regional forecasting Appendices.

The Local Community: A “Textbook” for Teachers

Abstract The Local Community: A Handbook for Teachers is an effective text and organizational framework for developing a course on the geography of a state which combines elements of introductory geography, regional geography, and geographic methods for a graduate class composed of practicing teachers generally inadequately trained in geography. Through a series of distinct, yet integrated steps teachers are exposed to the conceptual and methodological basics of the field, comprehensive analysis of regional patterns of the state, and specific strategies for teaching the geography of the state and the local community. Teachers leave the course knowing not only what to teach about the geography of a state, but how to teach it.