Analysis Of Reception Research Articles

The genomic analysis of endometrial mitochondrial DNA copy number variation on recurrent implantation failure

ObjectiveAim of this study was to define the relationship between RIF (Recurrent Implantation Failure) and endometrial mtDNA copy number. Study DesignA total of 50 women of reproductive age including twenty-five patients clinically diagnosed with RIF and twenty-five fertile women as healthy controls were recruited into the study. Endometrial biopsy samples were obtained with a pipelle at the 20–24 days of the menstrual cycle of each participant. Total genomic DNA samples were isolated from endometrial tissues; MT-ND1 (mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase I) and MT-CO2 (mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase II) target genes were amplified by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Nuclear GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) gene was also used for study normalization. The study has been conducted between February 2019 and June 2019. Result(s)Droplet digital PCR results were analyzed in “QuantaSoft” software. The concentration amount (copies/μl) of each participant’s mitochondrial gene was normalized according to the GAPDH gene concentrations as nuclear reference. mtDNA amounts were compared between RIF patients and healthy controls. Normalized data was statistically evaluated using Mann-Whitney U test and ROC curve analysis. Conclusion(s)It was concluded that the mitochondrial target gene (MT-ND1 and MT-CO2) copy number amount of RIF patients was higher than the one obtained from the healthy group in endometrial tissues. It is thought that higher mtDNA copy number at the RIF group may be related to increased oxidative stress in the endometrium. This stress factors may influence receptivity negatively and cause implantation failure. The receptivity of the endometrium is associated with the number of mtDNA copies and difference can be used as a biomarker for receptivity analysis.

Reception Analysis For Violence And Reproduction Against Women in Turkish Media

The TV public spot entitled March 8 8 women, which was selected as an example in this research and broadcasted on Turkish television, was specially prepared for women's day as a project against violence on women. However, there is a discrepancy between the intended target and the content presented. Based on this idea, how the public spotlight is received by the audience has been analyzed using the method of reception analysis. In addition, the media-violence-society relationship was tried to be resolved by interpreting the participants' position in society and their thoughts on violence against women. Within the scope of the research, interviews were conducted separately with 20 participants, consisting of university students, at different times and places. Of the 20 participants selected from among students of different family and social class types, with different political views and studying in different faculties, 10 were male and 10 were female. The age range of the participants ranged from 18 to 27.

The Romantic Fantasy of Even and Isak - an Exploration of Scandinavian Women Looking for Gratification in the Teen Serial SKAM

ABSTRACT Based on ethnographic reception analysis, cultural sociology, and psychoanalytic film analysis, this article explores a group of Scandinavian adult female fans of the gay couple Even and Isak from the teen serial SKAM. The aim is to acquire knowledge about what pleasures this group gains from watching and chatting online about this serial. We argue that through their pondering of the gay couple as a romantic fantasy, these women address and negotiate social contradictions regarding gender and sexuality that they encounter in Scandinavian post-feminist societies.

Impact of chronic endometritis on endometrial receptivity analysis results and pregnancy outcomes.

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between chronic endometritis (CE) and a personalized window of implantation (WOI), identified by results of endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA), and pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer (ET) based on the ERA outcomes.MethodsThe single‐center, cross‐sectional study was designed. The study population consisted of 101 infertile women who underwent endometrial sampling between June 2018 and February 2020. We recruited 88 patients who underwent ERA testing and immunohistochemistry of the plasma cell marker CD138 to diagnose CE within 3 months of testing. Subjects were divided into three groups as follows: 33 without CE (non‐CE group); 19 with untreated CE at ERA testing (CE group); and 36 successfully treated for CE before ERA testing (cured‐CE group). CE diagnosis was defined as ≥5 CD138‐positive plasma cells per 10 random stromal areas at ×400 magnification.ResultsIn non‐CE, CE, and cured‐CE groups, the numbers of CD138‐positive cells were 0.7 ± 1.0, 28.5 ± 30.4, and 1.3 ± 1.3, respectively (p < .001). The rates of “receptive” endometrium in non‐CE and cured‐CE groups were 57.6% (19 women) and 50.0% (18 women), respectively; however, in the CE group, this rate was significantly lower than the other two groups (p = .009) at only 15.8% (3 women). After CE were treated prior or posterior to the ERA test in cured‐CE or CE groups, the clinical pregnancy rates at the first ET in non‐CE, CE, and cured‐CE groups were 77.8% (21/27 cycles), 22.2% (4/18 cycles), and 51.7% (15/29 cycles), respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionCE had detrimental effects on the individual WOI, leading to embryo–endometrial asynchrony; therefore, diagnosis and treatment of CE should be done before ERA testing.

What is Existential Educational Encounter?

This paper aims to clarify the meaning of the pedagogical concept of encounter by providing an overview of its use from the historical foundations of the concept in Otto Friedrich Bollnow’s (1903 to 1991) philosophy to contemporary phenomenological readings by Maxine Greene, Donald Vandenberg and Robyn Harrison. The outcome is a critical analysis and evaluation of the significance of the concept in educational contexts. The aims of the paper are as follows: a) to articulate the educational significance of the concept of encounter, and b) to clarify its relationship to the humanistic concept of formation (or unfolding; Bildung), in order to establish the tension between Bildung-theory and the existential theory of human formation. The paper claims that, for a more elaborated understanding of the human educative process, the tension between the processes of encounter and Bildung should be seen as the core tension behind the holistic view of becoming human. Also, c) for an analysis of the Anglo-American reception of the concept, a phenomenological view of the encounter as a transcendental aspect of a learning process will be made in order to gain a wider view of the concept.

Audience and Social Criticism in Sisir Tanah Songs

This research focuses on social criticism in an environment that is reflected in the lyrics of Sisir Tanah songs. The songs of Sisir Tanah are entirely focused on highlighting social issues, especially the environment in today's society. The purpose of this study is to describe audience reception as a resource person on how to see the role of Sisir Tanah songs as media to convey messages of social criticism. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a reception analysis method. The primary data is taken from the two songs of Sisir Tanah, namely Hidup and Bebal. The following data is obtained from interviews from several sources, journals, books, and the internet. The researcher also uses an interdisciplinary approach as a method of communication science studies whose lyrics are delivered by Sisir Tanah in the music media, social criticism theory, which describes Sisir Tanah into the category of social criticism in the environment, and the theory of respect analysis, which is the basis of the interview result of several speakers in interpreting the songs of Sisir Tanah. The results of this study show that social criticism through music media, in this case, is a song, is quite useful. Because the five speakers: Labib, Riska, Dedy, Sonnia, and Fachri, feel the social critique message delivered by Sisir Tanah through music becomes active when the listeners of the music can receive the message conveyed, as well as the effects obtained by the five speakers.

Reception Analysis of Millennials Generation to Ads in Social Media

Gerindra presented an ad under the title of “Indonesia Bergerak Bersama Gerindra dan Rakyat version Sarjana Kerja Kerja Kerja!”, but due to the use of symbols and visualization, it became viral and caused controversy in the community. This study aims to determine the opinion of millennials response after watching the ads. The research is qualitative research approach used is the analysis of the reception, the technique of collecting data is using interviews, observation and document analysis. The theory used to analyze the meaning of the audience is the encoding-decoding, reception analysis theory and new media theory. The result of this study indicate three position of millennials reception, namely a dominant, negotiated, and oppositional position. In the dominant position, it’s considered as a good political ad because it successfully criticizes the government by presenting the reality of the existing problems. In the negotiating position, millennials saw the ads containing a message of criticism without a solution, in this condition millennials refused some symbols such as the use of profession symbols and titles in it, while in the opposition position, millennials considered the ads irrelevant and interpret it as a black campaign. There are several factors that become the benchmark of the millennials in perceiving that ads in social media like the character of millennials, education background, job, experience and view or tendencies to political parties. This research contributes in the form of policy recommendations to the Gerinda Party to pay more attention to solutions to criticism of advertising so as not to cause new problems.

Effects of forced frequency oscillations and unsteady wakes on the separation-induced transition in pressure gradient dominated flows

The individual and cumulative effects of forced frequency oscillations and unsteady wakes, on the separation-induced transition caused by an adverse pressure gradient on a flat plate geometry, are investigated. The flat plate is subjected to a streamwise pressure gradient via an inviscid contour wall, which is representative of the pressure gradient on the suction surface of a low pressure turbine. Periodic Gaussian wakes are imposed at the inflow to mimic the effect of upstream stator wakes. The transitional and turbulent regimes of the flow are investigated using instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budgets and a disturbance enstrophy-based nonlinear receptivity analysis based on direct numerical simulations. The impression of the wake in the boundary layer convects 50%–70% slower than the wake. The case with oscillations and wakes is most effective in triggering early transition and reducing the region of separation, specifically the secondary separation bubble is completely suppressed. Enhanced near-wall mixing is observed with a shift in the inflection point of the velocity profile toward the wall. The budget of the TKE shows the dominance of the production term for all cases considered. The disturbance enstrophy transport equation shows the role of the vortex stretching, enstrophy diffusion and dissipation for flows with wakes. Finally, a linear spatio-temporal receptivity analysis is performed for velocity profiles in the attached and separated boundary layer. This provides a description of the effects of pressure gradient and unsteady wakes in the transition to turbulence.

THE CLINICAL USE OF ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY ANALYSIS (ERA®) AND THE EFFECTS ON IMPLANTATION RATES IN WOMEN WITH PRIOR FAILED TRANSFERS

Endometrial receptivity is thought to be an important cause of implantation success or failure. ERA® (Endometrial Receptivity Analysis) analyzes the transcription profile of luteal phase endometrium (in a natural or programmed cycle) to determine its receptivity. ERA® results purport to allow physicians to personalize frozen embryo transfer (FET) protocols to transfer embryos during the “receptive” window, and thus increase implantation (IR) and pregnancy (PR) rates. In this study, we aimed to (1) evaluate the utilization of ERA® in a single large private ART practice, (2) for patients who had “non-receptive” ERA® results, determine if customized modifications of FET protocols according to ERA® results have led to changes in IR and PR in subsequent FETs. A retrospective cohort analysis. We reviewed records of patients who had an ERA® between 2014 to 2019 at our IVF center. All ERA® cycles were programmed cycles with an average progesterone duration of 133 (98-168) hours before the endometrial biopsy. Patient demographics, previous FET data, ERA® results, and outcome of subsequent FETs were analyzed. Data analysis was performed using Excel and MedCalc.org and SciStat.com. 173 patients completed an ERA®. The age was 39±4.781 years, with 82% of patients having had at least one prior FET (0-7). 8.6% had a chart diagnosis of uterine factor, 7.5% with endometriosis, 11% with adenomyosis, and 15% of patients had fibroids. The average peak endometrial thickness was 9.8±2.0 mm for the ERA® cycle and 9.9±2.1 mm during the first subsequent FET. Of all ERA®s completed, 40% (N=69) patients were receptive, 43% (N=74) pre-receptive (recommended transfer 24 hrs later), 14.45% (N=25) early receptive (12 hrs later), 2.3% (N=4) late receptive (12 hrs earlier), and one patient was post-receptive. 10% completed a second ERA® due to an invalid biopsy sample, and only one patient completed three ERA®s. Overall FET PR in this cohort of patients pre-ERA® was only 5% (16/320). The overall PR post-ERA® was 36% (63/171) with an odds ratio of 11.1 (95% CI 6.1-20.0). Pre-ERA® IR of autologous euploid embryos was 6.3% (11/176). The post-ERA® IR of autologous euploid embryos was 42% (47/112) with an odds ratio of 10.8 (95% CI 5.3-22.2). For the non-receptive groups (both pre- and post-receptive), the pre-ERA® PR was 5.5% (10/180) and post-ERA® PR was 36% (35/97) with an odds ratio of 7.9 (95% CI 3.3-18.8). The pre-ERA® IR of autologous euploid embryos was 8.7% (9/104). The post-ERA® IR was 42% (24/56) with an odds ratio of 9.6 (95% CI 4.5-20.53). For the receptive groups, the pre-ERA® PR was 4.3% (6/140), and post-ERA® PR was 37% (28/74) with an odds ratio of 13.6 (95% CI 5.3-34.9). The receptive group had a pre-ERA® IR of autologous euploid embryos of 2.8% (2/71), and a post-ERA® IR of 41% (23/55) with an odds ratio of 24.8 (95% CI 5.5-111.6). 60% of patients had non-receptive ERA®s. While non-receptive patients had increased implantation and pregnancy rates post-ERA®, similar improvements were also seen in receptive patients making it difficult to draw the conclusion that ERA® was clinically beneficial.

DO ENDOMETRIAL NATURAL KILLER AND REGULATORY T CELLS DIFFER IN INFERTILE AND CLINICAL PREGNANCY PATIENTS? AN ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER CYCLES

Problem Clinical significance of endometrial and peripheral blood natural killer (NK) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) during frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles has not been well characterized. Design Retrospective cohort study METHOD OF STUDY: Endometrial tissue was collected from infertility patients prior to a frozen embryo transfer cycle as part of an endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA® ) biopsy or endometrial scratch test. Uterine NK (uNK) and Treg cell density was compared based on pregnancy status in the subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycle. Peripheral blood was also collected from a separate cohort of patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer. Treg cell density was compared by the presence or the absence of a clinical pregnancy in each phase of the cycle. Results In the 33 luteal phase biopsies there were more endometrial Tregs, similar uNK and a trend toward lower CD16+ uNK cells in women with a future ongoing clinical pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women. There were no differences in uNK and Treg density in natural scratch cycles vs programmed cycles or in non-receptive vs receptive endometrium (ERA® cycles). In the peripheral blood analysis, the pregnant group had higher peripheral blood Tregs on the day of serum β-hCG time point when compared to the non-pregnant group. Conclusion Higher levels of endometrial Tregs and lower levels of CD16+ uNK cells are positive prognostic factors for infertile women prior to frozen embryo transfer. Our work on phenotypic and proportional analyses of endometrial immune cells may complement the ERA® in predicting improved pregnancy rates in patients with implantation failure.

Assessing the substitute employee system of Korean public institutions: Public officials' policy reception perspectives

With the increasing participation of the female population in economic activities in Korea, various support measures that would ensure a balanced work–life for women has been put in place. As part of such measures, the substitute employee system for individuals on maternity leave is rising as an alternative system that can vitalize the work–life balance. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect public officials' perceptions of the substitute employee system in terms of policy acceptance. Based on a survey of 905 public employees who have experienced child‐care leave, we conducted regression analysis of the workers' receptivity of the substitute employee system, which created three models, followed by a comparative analysis of these models. The results first show that, in all three models, the respondents' degree of satisfaction with the current substitute employee system in Korea is quite low. The results also demonstrate that individual characteristics factor and organizational characteristics factor were both found to have no significant effects on policy reception in all three models. Finally, results suggest that factors influencing the workers' policy reception can vary based on the types of the institution's substitute employee system.

Increased Right Posterior STS Recruitment Without Enhanced Directional-Tuning During Tactile Motion Processing in Early Deaf Individuals.

Upon early sensory deprivation, the remaining modalities often exhibit cross-modal reorganization, such as primary auditory cortex (PAC) recruitment for visual motion processing in early deafness (ED). Previous studies of compensatory plasticity in ED individuals have given less attention to tactile motion processing. In the current study, we aimed to examine the effects of early auditory deprivation on tactile motion processing. We simulated four directions of tactile motion on each participant’s right index finger and characterized their tactile motion responses and directional-tuning profiles using population receptive field analysis. Similar tactile motion responses were found within primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices between ED and hearing control groups, whereas ED individuals showed a reduced proportion of voxels with directionally tuned responses in SI contralateral to stimulation. There were also significant but minimal responses to tactile motion within PAC for both groups. While early deaf individuals show significantly larger recruitment of right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) region upon tactile motion stimulation, there was no evidence of enhanced directional tuning. Greater recruitment of right pSTS region is consistent with prior studies reporting reorganization of multimodal areas due to sensory deprivation. The absence of increased directional tuning within the right pSTS region may suggest a more distributed population of neurons dedicated to processing tactile spatial information as a consequence of early auditory deprivation.

Target recognition for satellite communication by employing higher‐order statistics

SummaryThe target recognition for satellite communication (satcom) is generally regarded as the cutting edge of electronic countermeasure research. This work is dedicated to the investigation on the theory and experiment of satellite communication target recognition on the basis of systematical analysis of satcom signal emission, propagation, and reception. The authors elaborate on the fingerprint analysis, feature extraction, and identification of satcom emitters by utilizing the nonlinearities of high‐power microwave vacuum amplifier (HPA). The mechanism of the external subtle features of satcom signal will be also discussed in detail. To acquire the qualified features that precisely represent the individual emitter, higher‐order statistics technique is introduced to implement the feature extraction, and the supervised probabilistic neural network classifier is established to execute the recognition of testing satcom samples. In testing phase, there are a total of 4000 sampling signals with BPSK modulation and variable carrier to noise ratio (CNR) originated by eight types of satcom transmitters setting for the experiment to verify the authors' viewpoints. Thanks to the fine training data set and subsequent well‐extracted features, the PNN classifier had not fail us and finally achieved satisfactory accuracy of more than 94% at CNR level of 10 dB. Those expected results will help to enhance the ability of battlefield surveillance and situational awareness that is of paramount importance in academic research and military application.

Analysis of discontinuous reception (DRX) on energy efficiency and transmission delay with bursty packet data traffic

Discontinuous reception (DRX) is a way for user equipment (UE) to save energy. DRX forces a UE to turn off its transceivers for a DRX cycle when it does not have a packet to receive from a base station, called an eNB. However, if a packet arrives at an eNB when the UE is performing a DRX cycle, the transmission of the packet is delayed until the UE finishes the DRX cycle. Therefore, as the length of the DRX cycle increases, not only the amount of UE energy saved by the DRX but also the transmission delay of a packet increase. Different applications have different traffic arrival patterns and require different optimal balances between energy efficiency and transmission delay. Thus, understanding the tradeoff between these two performance metrics is important for achieving the optimal use of DRX in a wide range of use cases. In this paper, we mathematically analyze DRX to understand this tradeoff. We note that previous studies were limited in that their analysis models only partially reflect the DRX operation, and they make assumptions to simplify the analysis, which creates a gap between the analysis results and the actual performance of the DRX. To fill this gap, in this paper, we present an analysis model that fully reflects the DRX operation. To quantify the energy efficiency of the DRX, we also propose a new metric called a real power-saving (RPS) factor by considering all the states and state transitions in the DRX specification. In addition, we improve the accuracy of the analysis result for the average packet transmission delay by removing unrealistic assumptions. Through extensive simulation studies, we validate our analysis results. We also show that compared with the other analysis results, our analysis model improves the accuracy of the performance metrics.

“The Dress-Clad, Out Loud Singer of Queer Punks”: Bradford Cox and the Performance of Disability

AbstractBradford Cox's physical appearance has mystified audiences, critics, and fans since the inception of his American indie rock band Deerhunter in the early 2000s. As the band's frontman, Cox is 6’4” with an exceptionally thin, angular frame, physical effects associated with Marfan syndrome. Yet many critics and fans do not recognize that he has a disability per se, instead speculating about possible anorexia, drug abuse, mental illness, and even his gender and sexual orientation. Through analysis of Cox's reception and creative output, I argue that the simultaneous fetishization and normalization of his body is due to its resonance with two overlapping countercultural discourses: the current idealization of thinness in indie rock as it both extends and departs from an earlier tradition of freakery and androgyny in punk. I show that Cox resists what he views as the masculine heteronormativity and performative apathy of indie rock through “freakish” sartorial reference to his androgynous punk idols PJ Harvey, Joey Ramone, and Patti Smith, an aesthetic that for Cox is vitally queer. Cox uses his solo musical output to further convey his alienation as a queer-disabled male artist: through his lyrics, album art, and specific vocal affectations and production techniques, he establishes a continuity across the visual and sonic registers of his identity to ultimately achieve a sense of belonging.

Road to Fame: Social Trajectory of Takahata Isao

This paper examines how Takahata Isao’s reputation as a filmmaker was established, focusing on the period between Horus: The Prince of the Sun (1968) and Only Yesterday (1991), using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of “field” and “consecration”. Through detailed analysis of promotion strategies, popular and critical reception of his films, and his appearance in different types of media in the form of essays and interviews, I will discuss how Takahata and his films were “consecrated”, or came to be recognized as something respectable and deserve critical attention. Throughout the analysis the focus will be on the relationship between different “fields” rather than his films. I will contend that the process of his consecration is deeply related to that of the establishment of the field of anime and its fandom in the late 1970s, and its relationship with other fields with greater cultural capital, such as literature and live-action films as well as non-Japanese animations. The association of Takahata and his films with these fields was used by media, stakeholders in film productions including Studio Ghibli and publishing houses Tokuma shoten and Shinchōsha, as well as Takahata himself, to distinguish him and his films from other anime.

ANALISIS RESEPSI REMAJA KOTA SAMPIT MENGENAI KEBERAGAMAN DI MEDIA

The aim of the study is to reveal the viewpoints of adolescents as media audiences, how they interpret their lives in the midst of Indonesia's diversity. The method used is Reception Analysis using encoding and decoding models from Stuart Hall. The subjects of the study were 9 Sampit City teenagers aged 15-18 years with a diversity of sex, religion, and ethnicity. While the concept used is the study of Indonesian-ness, imagined communities, nation and state and identity. The results showed that adolescents in Sampit City were traumatized by stories of riots based on ethnic sentiment as told by parents, based on YouTube's content and also through the context of the 2017 local election reporting. Ethnic sentiments still exist because the content on YouTube allows them to reconnect with the 2001 conflict. So the dominant meaning of hegemonic is that they agree that Indonesia's diverse ethnic situation can lead to conflict and is easily used by irresponsible groups. The next meaning on the negotiating side is that prejudice and stereotyping occur in Sampit, respectively. To eliminate the trauma of ethnic conflict, they hope that more activities will involve cultural gatherings.

Instagram como herramienta de relaciones públicas para los deportistas de élite españoles

Social networks are a fundamental tool that organizations use for promotional, informative and relational purposes. From this last point of view, social networks allow organizations to gain visibility and generate interaction with audiences, thus contributing to maintaining mutually beneficial relationships with them. In the sports field, as in others, the use of social networks is widespread not only by sports clubs or entities, but also by individual athletes. Instagram in particular is one of the networks that has experienced the greatest growth in recent years and that is why, from the international academic field, attention has been paid to the use of this network in the sports field. Based on this approach, this research analyzes the use of Instagram by Spanish athletes of recognized prestige, with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness as a mechanism to generate interaction and promote relations with the public. From this perspective, questions such as the effectiveness of Instagram to generate visibility or the influence of various elements, such as the type of post or the complementary resources used in the text, in the generation or increase of interaction are raised. The study focuses on a sample of 17 Spanish adult athletes who received a “Premio Nacional del Deporte” (Rey Felipe, Reina Letizia, Rey Juan Carlos and Reina Sofía) between 2013 and 2017. For each of the selected athletes a compilation of all their Instagram posts for the year 2018, using the Instagram Scraper tool, was made and an analysis of emission and reception was carried out. Regarding the emission, aspects such as the number of published posts, the type of post (image or video) and the use of resources such as hashtags, mentions and emoticons were taken into account, while from the point of view of reception they were collected data of number of followers, likes and comments. The results show a high diversity both in the number of published posts, which range between 39 and 348 entries per year, and in the number of followers, which varies notably depending on the notoriety of the athlete, from the little more from 16,000 by Ruth Beithia to over 27 million Andrés Iniesta. There is a majority preference for the use of images (82% of posts) compared to the use of videos, although the use of complementary resources such as hashtags, mentions and emoticons is highly variable depending on the athlete and does not seem to significantly influence in generating interaction. It is also verified that the members of the sample are not very active in following other accounts, since the number of followers is barely over 1,200 at best. The total of the publications accumulates almost 230 million likes and more than a million and a half comments, although the difference in results per athlete in these indicators is highly variable. In general terms, more followers generate more likes and more comments, although this increase is not proportional and no significant increase in interaction is generated from very high numbers of followers. These results corroborate the interest of Instagram as a network with high capacity to generate visibility and interaction with audiences, although the popularity of the athlete influences, in the first place, the number of followers and, therefore, the possibilities of interaction.

Instagram como herramienta de relaciones públicas para los deportistas de élite españoles / Instagram as a public relations tool for Spanish elite athletes

Resumen Los/as deportistas de élite utilizan las diferentes redes sociales como herramienta para conectar con sus públicos. Esta investigación analiza el uso de Instagram por parte de los deportistas españoles que han recibido algún “Premio Nacional del Deporte” en los últimos cinco años, con el objetivo de valorar su eficacia como mecanismo para generar interacción y favorecer las relaciones con los públicos. La técnica metodológica empleada es el análisis del contenido, para averiguar las características de las publicaciones que reciben una mayor interacción por parte de sus seguidores. Los resultados muestran que, en general, esta red social se revela como una herramienta eficaz para los deportistas de élite a la hora de generar visibilidad e interacción entre sus públicos.Palabras clave: redes sociales, Instagram, relaciones públicas, comunicación, deportistasAbstract Social networks are a fundamental tool that organizations use for promotional, informative and relational purposes. From this last point of view, social networks allow organizations to gain visibility and generate interaction with audiences, thus contributing to maintaining mutually beneficial relationships with them. In the sports field, as in others, the use of social networks is widespread not only by sports clubs or entities, but also by individual athletes. Instagram in particular is one of the networks that has experienced the greatest growth in recent years and that is why, from the international academic field, attention has been paid to the use of this network in the sports field.Based on this approach, this research analyzes the use of Instagram by Spanish athletes of recognized prestige, with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness as a mechanism to generate interaction and promote relations with the public. From this perspective, questions such as the effectiveness of Instagram to generate visibility or the influence of various elements, such as the type of post or the complementary resources used in the text, in the generation or increase of interaction are raised.The study focuses on a sample of 17 Spanish adult athletes who received a “Premio Nacional del Deporte” (Rey Felipe, Reina Letizia, Rey Juan Carlos and Reina Sofía) between 2013 and 2017. For each of the selected athletes a compilation of all their Instagram posts for the year 2018, using the Instagram Scraper tool, was made and an analysis of emission and reception was carried out. Regarding the emission, aspects such as the number of published posts, the type of post (image or video) and the use of resources such as hashtags, mentions and emoticons were taken into account, while from the point of view of reception they were collected data of number of followers, likes and comments.The results show a high diversity both in the number of published posts, which range between 39 and 348 entries per year, and in the number of followers, which varies notably depending on the notoriety of the athlete, from the little more from 16,000 by Ruth Beithia to over 27 million Andrés Iniesta. There is a majority preference for the use of images (82% of posts) compared to the use of videos, although the use of complementary resources such as hashtags, mentions and emoticons is highly variable depending on the athlete and does not seem to significantly influence in generating interaction. It is also verified that the members of the sample are not very active in following other accounts, since the number of followers is barely over 1,200 at best. The total of the publications accumulates almost 230 million likes and more than a million and a half comments, although the difference in results per athlete in these indicators is highly variable. In general terms, more followers generate more likes and more comments, although this increase is not proportional and no significant increase in interaction is generated from very high numbers of followers.These results corroborate the interest of Instagram as a network with high capacity to generate visibility and interaction with audiences, although the popularity of the athlete influences, in the first place, the number of followers and, therefore, the possibilities of interaction. Keywords: social media, Instagram, public relations, communication, athletes.

A 5-year multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing personalized, frozen and fresh blastocyst transfer in IVF

Research questionDoes clinical performance of personalized embryo transfer (PET) guided by endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) differ from frozen embryo transfer (FET) or fresh embryo transfer in infertile patients undergoing IVF? DesignMulticentre, open-label randomized controlled trial; 458 patients aged 37 years or younger undergoing IVF with blastocyst transfer at first appointment were randomized to PET guided by ERA, FET or fresh embryo transfer in 16 reproductive clinics. ResultsClinical outcomes by intention-to-treat analysis were comparable, but cumulative pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the PET (93.6%) compared with FET (79.7%) (P = 0.0005) and fresh embryo transfer groups (80.7%) (P = 0.0013). Analysis per protocol demonstrates that live birth rates at first embryo transfer were 56.2% in PET versus 42.4% in FET (P = 0.09), and 45.7% in fresh embryo transfer groups (P = 0.17). Cumulative live birth rates after 12 months were 71.2% in PET versus 55.4% in FET (P = 0.04), and 48.9% in fresh embryo transfer (P = 0.003). Pregnancy rates at the first embryo transfer in PET, FET and fresh embryo transfer arms were 72.5% versus 54.3% (P = 0.01) and 58.5% (P = 0.05), respectively. Implantation rates at first embryo transfer were 57.3% versus 43.2% (P = 0.03), and 38.6% (P = 0.004), respectively. Obstetrical outcomes, type of delivery and neonatal outcomes were similar in all groups. ConclusionsDespite 50% of patients dropping out compared with 30% initially planned, per protocol analysis demonstrates statistically significant improvement in pregnancy, implantation and cumulative live birth rates in PET compared with FET and fresh embryo transfer arms, indicating the potential utility of PET guided by the ERA test at the first appointment.