Rainfall Infiltration Analysis Research Articles

Stability analysis of heterogeneous infinite slopes under rainfall-infiltration by means of an improved Green–Ampt model

Rainfall infiltration analysis has a great significance to the mitigation and risk assessment of rainfall-induced landslides. The original Green–Ampt (GA) model ignored the fact that a transitional layer exists in infiltration regions of soils under the rainfall permeation; moreover, it cannot effectively analyze the rainfall-infiltrated heterogeneous slope considering the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity ( ks ). In this study, an improved GA model is proposed for the rainfall-infiltration analysis of heterogeneous slopes. Four common slope cases are investigated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. An infinite slope model is taken as an illustrative example to investigate the distributions of volumetric water content and slope stability under the rainfall infiltration. The results show that the distributions of volumetric water content and factor of safety ( Fs) obtained from the proposed model are in very good agreement with the numerical results of the Richards' equation. In contrast, the modified GA model obtains biased distributions of volumetric water content and smaller Fs for the same cases. The results show that the proposed GA model can accurately identify the location of critical slip surface of the slope, and as such it provides an efficient method for risk analysis and control of slopes susceptible to landslide.

Study on rainfall infiltration characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil

The study of the rainfall infiltration mechanism of unsaturated soil has always been a hot issue in the field of geotechnical engineering. It is worth studying which parameters should be introduced to characterize the infiltration characteristics of unsaturated soil in the calculation and analysis of rainfall infiltration. In this paper, the Fredlund–Xing model was quoted in the SEEP/W module of the Geostudio software, and the transient numerical calculation of rainfall infiltration under the same rainfall duration T and different rainfall intensity I was carried out for a soil column. Three infiltration characteristic parameters were introduced: rainfall infiltration front depth WF, suction reduction depth MRn, and section infiltration rate IR. The variation of these three parameters and rainfall intensity I during rainfall were sorted out and analyzed; it is indicated that WF increases with the extension of rainfall duration. MRn decreases with the increase of suction reduction rate n%, and when the rainfall duration is 24 h, the maximum depth of the soil column affected by rainfall is approximately 35% of the total depth. IR is mainly affected by the rainfall intensity I and the saturation permeability coefficient ks. There is a limit value for the influence of I on WF, MRn, and IR, and the limit rainfall intensity under the calculation conditions in this paper is I = 2.5ks.

Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration and Improvement of the Analytical Solution of Safety Factors on Unsaturated Inner Dump Slopes: A Case Study

Rainfall infiltration is one of the main triggers of inner dump slope failure in the process of mining coal. Changes in water content throughout the process of rainfall infiltration have rarely been studied. The reductions in soil strength due to water migration have seldomly been considered in the existing analytical solution of the safety factor (F.S) for unsaturated inner dump slopes in an open-pit mine. In this work, a new mechanical model was developed by improving the conventional analytical solutions of F.S for unsaturated inner dump slopes to accommodate water-induced degradation in the mechanical strength of waste material. Parameter analysis was carried out via a case study of the Shengli #1 open-pit coalmine. The results showed that the wetting front depth increased with increasing rainfall time, and the increasing rate was constant during the non-compressive infiltration stage, while it decreased gradually in the compressive infiltration stage. The F.S of the transition layer decreased at first and then increased with increasing infiltration depth. By considering the water migration in the inner dump slope, the calculation result of F.S by the analytical solution in the paper can more precisely represent the in situ conditions. It was larger than that of the saturated strength, but smaller than that of the natural strength. The position of the minimum F.S did not alter in the wetting front, but was close to the position of the wetting front. The depth of the potential slip surface can be calculated by the converse solution of the analytical equation when F.S = 1 for rainfall infiltration, and the most dangerous slope surface can be determined. The depth (hmin) of the potential slip surface increases with increasing wetting front (hf) by a linear function, and increases with increasing depth ratios of the saturation layer (λ). The depth ratio (i) of the minimum F.S increases with increasing λ by an exponential function. The improved analytical solution can be used to evaluate the potential sliding surface under rainfall conditions, which is helpful for evaluating slope stability and analyzing dangerous surfaces under rainfall conditions and providing guidance for reinforcement schemes.

Rainfall infiltration analysis and infiltration model of slope based on in-situ tests

Rainfall infiltration analysis and infiltration model of slope based on in-situ tests

A combined method for modeling the triggering and propagation of debris flows

This study describes a combined method for rainfall-induced debris flow initiations (landslides) and propagations including a series of numerical analyses. In this study, the debris is assumed as a mixture of soils and water which is physically non-Newtonian fluid. The emphasis is placed on applying the effect of the combination of rainfall-induced landslides and debris flows to the numerical analysis. An analysis of rainfall-induced landslides is conducted to identify the thickness and location of the initial volume of debris flow. The movement of debris flow is subsequently simulated considering entrainments affected by the initial wetting condition (wetting front) estimated from the rainfall-infiltration analysis. The proposed method can simulate a sequential process from the initiation of the debris flows to the deposition based on the prediction of slope failure by rainfall, fluid dynamics based on Navier–Stokes equation, and the analysis of entrainments by considering the effect of the weight of debris and the wetting condition of soil beds. Based on the numerical results of this study, the proposed method could be applied to the analysis of regional-scale landslides and debris flows.

Analysis of rainfall infiltration and its influence on groundwater in rain gardens.

The dynamic observation data on groundwater level and water quality were obtained from rain gardens #2 and #3 from May to October 2016. The water balance method and 2D numerical simulation of variable saturation zone were used to calculate rainfall infiltration recharge coefficient, water supply, and evaporative discharge of rain garden. These parameters were used to simulate and explore the impact of rainfall infiltration in rain gardens on groundwater level and water quality. The groundwater depth of rain gardens was mainly affected by the concentrated infiltration of rainfall. The variation range of groundwater depth was approximately 4.298 ± 0.031mm for J1, 3.9364 ± 0.097mm for J2, and 4.0958 ± 0.064mm for J3, and the specific yield was 0.208. Groundwater quality was naturally attenuated and would not threaten the safety of groundwater at a certain scale. Visual MODFLOW was used to simulate groundwater flow and conduct parameter sensitivity analysis to determine the main influencing factors of garden groundwater level change. Results showed that rainfall recharge was crucial to module sensitivity.

Unsaturated Seepage and Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration of Slope

Rainfall is one of the main factors that influence the stability of slope. Rainfall infiltration will cause soil saturation changing and further influence pore water pressure and medium permeability coefficient. Based on porous media saturation-unsaturated flow theory, the slope transient seepage field is simulated under the conditions of rainfall infiltration. It is shown that change of pore water pressure in slope soil lag behind relative changes in rainfall conditions. As the rainfall infiltrate, unsaturated zone in top half of slope become diminution, the soil suction and shear strength reduce, so stabilization of soil slope is reduced.

Numerical analysis of rainfall in filtration in the slope with a fracture

With the finite volume method, a 2D numerical model for seepage in unsaturated soil has been established to study the rainfall infiltration in the fractured slope. The result shows that more rain may infiltrate into the slope due to existing fracture and then the pore pressure rises correspondingly. Very probably, it is one of the crucial factors accounting for slope failure. Furthermore a preliminary study has been conducted to investigate the influence of various fracture and rainfall factors such as the depth, width and location of a crack, surface condition, rainfall intensity and duration. Pore pressure and water volumetric content during the transient seepage are carefully examined to reveal the intrinsic mechanism.

Bifurcation analysis of rainfall infiltration

The understanding of local characteristics within the global behavior of catchment dynamics is an important concern to both theorists and field hydrologists. The law of averages, when applied to local infiltration behavior, often fails to render representative information as to the nonlinear response of a catchment due to runoff thresholds, feedback with soil moisture, and infiltration hysteresis. As an alternative to current conceptual approaches, this paper analyzes the bifurcation (nonlinear) behavior of point infiltration using the equation of unsaturated flow. The result is a geometric framework in which the relationships between rainfall, infiltration, and soil properties are better understood. By using standard experimental data a nonlinear infiltration model can be easily parameterized that exhibits bifurcations in bulk infiltration rates.