Posture Analysis Research Articles

Comfort evaluation of carrier-based aircraft missile handling operation based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

The analysis and evaluation of missile handling operation are crucial for ensuring safety and reliability during these processes. This paper proposes a novel assessment method for missile handling motions based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The methodology comprises several stages: Initially, an analysis of missile handling motions is conducted. Subsequently, joint evaluation indicators influencing operational comfort are selected. Following this, membership functions and a comprehensive evaluation matrix are constructed. Finally, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the comfort level of carrier-based aircraft ammunition handling operations is established. A typical case study of carrier-based aircraft missile handling operation is presented to illustrate the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process. The evaluation results are then compared with those obtained from the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) models. Comparative analysis indicates that the results derived from the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model demonstrate high reliability.

Virtual shadow puppet generation based on AlphaPose

This study aims to develop a novel motion capture method utilizing the AlphaPose project to support the production and analysis of shadow puppetry. Through precise capture and analysis of human body postures, we seek to enhance the performance quality of shadow puppetry, introducing modern technology to this ancient Chinese intangible cultural heritage art form, thereby facilitating its inheritance and development. This paper provides an introduction to the background and significance of the research, explores existing issues and shortcomings, and provides a detailed description of our methodology and the improvements achieved.

Effects on Gait and Balance of VIM Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Essential Tremor

Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder, characterized by an action tremor in the upper limbs. Neurosurgical techniques targeting the thalamic ventrointermediate nucleus (VIM) including thermocoagulation demonstrated a potential risk for gait and posture worsening. This study evaluates the potential effect of VIM Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) in ET on gait and posture performances. Methods: We conducted a prospective study to quantitatively assess gait and balance in severe ET patients before and 1 year after unilateral GKR. Seventy-three patients were included in this series. Results: First, we confirmed the unilateral GKR efficacy in severe ET patients: global tremor score and impairments in activities of daily living improved, respectively, by 67% and 71.7%. The global gait and posture analysis found no significant differences before and 1 year after GKR. Three patients (4.1%) developed mild to moderate gait and posture impairment with proprioceptive ataxia. All of these AEs were induced by a hyper-response to radiosurgery. Conclusions: Gait and posture performances were not statistically significant at the population. Nevertheless, gait and posture worsened in 4% of patients after GKR, all in the setting of hyper-response. This study shows that GKR may be a safe neurosurgical alternative to improve ADL in a population of patients with TE.

Electric Wheelchair Manufacturing Analysis For Physical Disabilities Reviewed from the Aspect of Ergonomics

The high rate of physical disability is a trigger and spur in the development of research/research for people with disabilities to help with their daily activities, one of which is with a wheelchair. There is a sense of concern to see manual wheelchairs used daily by people with physical disabilities, especially with their abnormal hands and feet, so it becomes a problem in itself because they are quite tricky and tired of pedaling a manual wheelchair. This condition impacts their work productivity, thereby reducing their income/economy. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to manufacture electric wheelchairs belonging to two people with physical disabilities (i.e., belonging to Bagus and Huda). The ergonomics tests are carried out, including (a) Compatibility of the anthropometry of the user's body and the dimensions of the wheelchair, (b) Results of the user's postural analysis with RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) (c) Conformity of the dimensions of the wheelchair with the standard, and (d) Evaluation of the usability of the wheelchair based on observation. The results obtained for the Bagus electric wheelchair are from the anthropometric side. The popliteal height is longer than the distance between the seat and the footrest in the wheelchair. For Bagus to be more comfortable in using his wheelchair and for his legs not to be crooked (which will potentially cause more excellent musculoskeletal disorders), it is recommended that the distance between the seat and the footrest be extended. As for Huda electric wheelchairs, in general, they have been modified to adjust to the needs and conditions of Huda's body and make the design of Huda wheelchairs more ergonomic. However, the postural analysis showed that the forearm position was raised, and the hand was twisted when Huda operated the electric wheelchair controller. It is, therefore, recommended to lower the position of the controller in line with the wheelchair mount.

Virtual reality in ergonomics by wearable devices: experiences from the automotive sector

PurposePreventive ergonomics is essential to protecting the health and safety of workers as is recognizing human variability. The purpose of this paper is to describe a Unity-based application designed for three-dimensional postural analysis and visualizations using motion capture data. Integration with virtual reality (VR) technologies allows the user to be immersed in the simulated working environment without the need for a physical prototype. The proposed application aims to facilitate the application of ergonomic principles in workplace design and assessment for a proactive, participatory and inclusive approach to worker well-being.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed an application that leverages motion capturing techniques and VR technologies and aims to support the analysts in the ergonomic assessment of physical prototypes as well as future workplaces. An innovative postural prediction module helps the analyst understanding what postures different users are likely to assume in the interaction with the workplace from a single data record.FindingsThe functionalities of the proposed application are illustrated on some case studies, presenting how different information is made available and can support workplace analysts and designers in an industrial context.Originality/valueThis paper provides insights into the experience and research carried out by an automotive company in the application of wearable sensors and VR to support a proactive and participatory approach to workplace ergonomics.

Illumination Intelligent Adaptation and Analysis Framework: A comprehensive solution for enhancing nighttime driving fatigue monitoring.

Nighttime driving presents a critical challenge to road safety due to insufficient lighting and increased risk of driver fatigue. Existing methods for monitoring driver fatigue, mainly focusing on behavioral analysis and biometric monitoring, face significant challenges under low-light conditions. Their effectiveness, especially in dynamic lighting environments, is limited by their dependency on specific environmental conditions and active driver participation, leading to reduced accuracy and practicality in real-world scenarios. This study introduces a novel 'Illumination Intelligent Adaptation and Analysis Framework (IIAAF)', aimed at addressing these limitations and enhancing the accuracy and practicality of driver fatigue monitoring under nighttime low-light conditions. The IIAAF framework employs a multidimensional technology integration, including comprehensive body posture analysis and facial fatigue feature detection, per-pixel dynamic illumination adjustment technology, and a light variation feature learning system based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and time-series analysis. Through this integrated approach, the framework is capable of accurately capturing subtle fatigue signals in nighttime driving environments and adapting in real-time to rapid changes in lighting conditions. Experimental results on two independent datasets indicate that the IIAAF framework significantly improves the accuracy of fatigue detection under nighttime low-light conditions. This breakthrough not only enhances the effectiveness of driving assistance systems but also provides reliable scientific support for reducing the risk of accidents caused by fatigued driving. These research findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for advancing intelligent driving assistance technology and improving nighttime road safety.

Fish Transfer Workers Posture Analysis at the Sadeng Beach Fish Auction Place

At the Fish Auction Place (TPI) of Sadeng Beach, Gunung Kidul, fish are manually transferred using wooden bearers and pieces of plastic drums used as fish containers. The weight of the fish moved ranged from 90 - 110 kg for each transfer. The transfer of fish carried out on the shoulders of two workers who have different heights and ages. The worker's posture is characterized by flexion, inclination, and torsion. The Nordic Body Map (NBM) survey revealed reports of stiffness and pain in the shoulders, lower back, and knees. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential risk of injury in the process of transferring fish. The evaluation uses the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) technique. The findings indicated that both workers activities fell into the high-risk category, with the REBA score of 14.00, with a very high risk category.

Is There a Pathologic Running Motion Associated with Running-Related Injuries? A Methodological Study Using a Motion Analysis System Without Sensors.

(1) Background and objectives: Running-related injuries (RRIs) are commonly attributed to improper running posture and overuse. This study aims to analyze the running motions of individuals with and without RRIs using a sensor-free method, which offers a user-friendly and straightforward approach. (2) Materials and Methods: A total of 155 runners were divided into two groups: the normal runner group (runners who had never been injured, n = 50) and the RRI group (runners who had experience at least one injury while running, n = 105). The forward head posture (FHP), trunk lean, hip rotation, horizontal movement of the center of gravity (COG), vertical movement of the COG, pelvic rotation, hip hike, and type of strike were measured for posture analysis. (3) Results: We found that the left-right balance of the pelvis and the spinal posture during running were associated with RRIs. The difference in hip hike and FHP emerged as key predictors of running-related musculoskeletal injury occurrence from our logistic regression analysis. (4) Conclusions: Identifying pathological movements in runners through running motion analysis without the use of sensors can be instrumental in the prevention and treatment of RRIs.

Global research trends in skiing from 1974 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis

This study analyzes 1643 documents related to skiing from 1974 to 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database, employing CiteSpace and VOSviewer for quantitative analysis. Findings reveal a growing literature output, with the past five years contributing to 36.2 % of publications. Norway leads in total publications and collaboration intensity, with the University of Salzburg and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology as prominent institutions. The research spans a wide range of disciplines such as Sport Sciences, Physiology, etc., and interdisciplinary intersections with engineering, computer science, etc. have become a future research trend. The research focuses on the analysis of skiers' sports performance, the analysis of skiing-induced sports injuries, the biomechanical analysis of skiers' postures, and the analysis of skiing-induced respiratory diseases. The study highlights the evolution of research focus from skiing injuries to injury prevention and sports performance enhancement. This comprehensive overview aids scholars in understanding skiing research hotspots and future trends efficiently.

Machine Vision Analysis of Ujumqin Sheep's Walking Posture and Body Size.

The ability to recognize the body sizes of sheep is significantly influenced by posture, especially without artificial fixation, leading to more noticeable changes. This study presents a recognition model using the Mask R-CNN convolutional neural network to identify the sides and backs of sheep. The proposed approach includes an algorithm for extracting key frames through mask calculation and specific algorithms for head-down, head-up, and jumping postures of Ujumqin sheep. The study reported an accuracy of 94.70% in posture classification. We measured the body size parameters of Ujumqin sheep of different sexes and in different walking states, including observations of head-down and head-up. The errors for the head-down position of rams, in terms of body slanting length, withers height, hip height, and chest depth, were recorded as 0.08 ± 0.06, 0.09 ± 0.07, 0.07 ± 0.05, and 0.12 ± 0.09, respectively. For rams in the head-up position, the corresponding errors were 0.06 ± 0.05, 0.06 ± 0.05, 0.07 ± 0.05, and 0.13 ± 0.07, respectively. The errors for the head-down position of ewes, in terms of body slanting length, withers height, hip height, and chest depth, were recorded as 0.06 ± 0.05, 0.09 ± 0.08, 0.07 ± 0.06, and 0.13 ± 0.10, respectively. For ewes in the head-up position, the corresponding errors were 0.06 ± 0.05, 0.08 ± 0.06, 0.06 ± 0.04, and 0.16 ± 0.12, respectively. The study observed that sheep walking through a passage exhibited a more curved knee posture compared to normal measurements, often with a lowered head. This research presents a cost-effective data collection scheme for studying multiple postures in animal husbandry.

System expanded for postural analysis (s.e.p.a.): a starting point resulting from the evolution of an idea

Background/Aim: Importance and usefulness are characteristics of postural analysis now known and documented in the literature. The absence of a standard is often a problem and a market offer, although broad and of a high level, is not always able to satisfy the needs of all professionals, also due to the non-negligible costs. The aim of this article is to describe a new postural analysis system, named System Expanded for Postural Analysis (S.E.P.A.), based on previous experiences and to promote the comparison between professionals which has allowed its realization. Materials and Methods: S.E.P.A., analyzing the problems of its previous versions, implements new strategies based on simplicity, essentiality, practicality and completeness. Added to this is a new possibility of simultaneous acquisition of the feet standing print during video recording of the subject's position, both from the top and from the feet. Results: Stability and simplicity were immediately found during the preliminary tests carried out on the system both in the hardware and software components, making the operator's work easier. Conclusions: Although the first findings are encouraging, a direct and intense use of S.E.P.A. is mandatory and essential to consolidate its characteristics and, nevertheless, the contribution of other professionals who want to use it, to be able to suggest new improving aspects.

Analysis of posture and balance impairments in individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain-an observational study.

Neck pain is one of the most burdensome chronic musculoskeletal problems globally. Impaired proprioception is associated with Chronic Nonspecific neck pain as the structures of the cervical spine are crucial for proprioception and balance. There is a paucity of literature examining objective measures of balance and postural sway in patients with Nonspecific neck pain. This study was observational and consisted of 126 samples (63 cases and 63 controls who were recruited using convenience sampling. The demographics of the samples were collected and the postural and balance impairment was assessed using Biodex Balance SD. Mean, Median, and SD were obtained and the inferential analysis was done using the Whitney U Test and the level of significance was accepted at p < 0.05. The subjects with neck pain showed had a lower static stability index, static sway index, static stability index- forward backward and static sway index lateral scores than the normal counterparts. There are significant differences in the overall static stability index, (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in static sway index(p = 0.003), and static stability index lateral (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference for static sway index forward and backward (p = 0.550) and lateral sway index (p = 0.711). Subjects with neck pain showed had a lower static stability index, static sway index, static stability index- forward backward and static sway index lateral scores than the normal counterparts and there was a significant difference between the static sway and static stability index in forward and backward directions as well as in lateral direction. These findings may help to assess the specific balance parameters and address the underlying causes of balance issues in patients with neck pain and also provide a comprehensive care to the patients. The trial was registered with CTRI India with registration number: CTRI/2022/07/044222.

Cervical spine positioning patterns amongst hand surgeons: A critical analysis of surgical posture

AimThis study aims to assess the cervical spine positioning of consultant and trainee hand surgeons during standardised hand surgeries, focusing on the prevalence of sustained end-range postures, particularly cervical spine flexion. BackgroundSurgeons often perform procedures that require maintenance of sustained postures for prolonged periods of time. Hand surgeons may be at increased risk of sustained end of range postures, particularly cervical spine flexion. This can lead to strain on the musculoskeletal structures of the neck. Recent evidence suggests a higher incidence of neck dysfunction in hand surgeons, leading to an associated morbidity. MethodsWe examined hand surgeons of all experience levels during 40 common hand surgery procedures. We used real-time dynamic goniometric measurements of neck flexion using the “UPRIGHT GO 2” device and accompanying smartphone app. Neck flexion exceeding 40° was used as the threshold for defining an acceptable neck position. ResultsAnalysis included 20 total subjects at various levels of medical training (SHO n ​= ​6, Registrar n ​= ​9, Consultant n ​= ​5) performing surgeries under different conditions. Maladaptive neck positions were prevalent, with junior surgeons exhibiting such postures for 71 ​% of procedure time compared to 60 ​% for consultants. This underscores the potential contribution of sustained end-range postures to cervical spine dysfunction in hand surgeons, highlighting an early intervention opportunity. Notably, participants reported varied experiences with neck pain and expressed unanimous interest in integrating biofeedback posture devices into surgical training, with a single consultant expressing reservations.

Reliability Test of Mobile Embedded Accelerometers and Gyroscopes with the Goal of Measuring Postural Stability for People with Parkinson's Disease

Abstract Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States. The cardinal symptoms of PD are tremor, rigidity, slowed movement, and impaired balance. These symptoms often interfere with the daily activities of people with Parkinson's (PwPD) and negatively affect quality of life (QoL). Therefore, monitoring PD symptoms is essential for clinical evaluations and adjusting medication to help maintain QoL for PwPD. We are developing a mobile app to conduct at-home PD symptom monitoring to provide more timely, frequent, and accurate measurements of PD symptoms. While the tremor and finger-tapping results collected in the mobile app have been discussed in previous publications, this paper focuses on the design and evaluation of postural stability tests in the app and validating the reliability of the embedded accelerometers and gyroscopes in smartphones. During the test, a shaker was employed to provide vibration in amplitude and frequency ranges similar to human postural stability signals, and both the accelerometer and gyroscope measurements were evaluated. We used signal processing algorithms to extract postural stability factors, such as the root mean square (RMS) value, the derivative of acceleration, frequency factors, etc. for the accelerations, and the ranges and RMS for the angular velocity. Our findings show that smartphone devices have good consistency over multiple trials and between devices, and motion patterns achieved from multiple data points are reliable for postural stability analysis.

Advancing mental health predictions through sleep posture analysis: a stacking ensemble learning approach

Sleep posture is closely related to sleep quality, and can offer insights into an individual’s health. This correlation can potentially aid in the early detection of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Current research focuses on embedding pressure sensors in bedsheets, attaching accelerometers on a subject’s chest, and installing cameras in bedrooms for sleep posture monitoring. However, such solutions sacrifice either the user's sleep comfort or privacy. This study explores the effectiveness of using contactless ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors for sleep posture monitoring. We employed a UWB dataset that is composed of the measurements from 12 volunteers during sleep. A stacking ensemble learning method is introduced for the monitoring of sleep postural transitions, which constitute two levels of learning. At the base-learner level, six transfer learning models (VGG16, ResNet50V2, MobileNet50V2, DenseNet121, VGG19, and ResNet101V2) are trained on the training dataset for initial predictions. Then, the logistic regression is employed as a meta-learner which is trained on the predictions gained from the base-learner to obtain final sleep postural transitions. In addition, a sleep posture monitoring algorithm is presented that can give accurate statistics of total sleep postural transitions. Extensive experiments are conducted, achieving the highest accuracy rate of 86.7% for the classification of sleep postural transitions. Moreover, time-series data augmentation is employed, which improves the accuracy by 13%. The privacy-preserving sleep monitoring solution presented in this paper holds promise for applications in mental health research.

An observational analysis to evaluate the influence of occlusion on body posture and plantar pressure - An in vivo study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of occlusion on body posture and plantar arch pressure. An Observational analysis to Analyze the Influence of Occlusion on Plantar Pressure and Body Posture. A total of 30 asymptomatic subjects were selected for the study including 18 females and 12 males from age group 22 years to 28 years with a mean age of 24.83 years. Each subject underwent evaluation of occlusion at MIP using a Digital Occlusal analyzer (T-Scan III). At this point, the subjects were made to stand on a mat scan which consisted of a large postural platform sensor and a computer that displayed the plantar pressure data. The computer connected to the T Scan displayed the occlusal pressure analysis. This was followed by an evaluation of body posture using a posture grid where the photographs were taken and an evaluation of the frontal and lateral photos was done using the APECS - posture analysis app. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 22.0 Released 2013, Armonk, N Y: IBM Corp., was used to perform Statistical Analysis. A chi-square test was applied for qualitative variables to find the association. Paired t-test was applied to compare the changes in the quantitative parameters in eye-open and eye-closed conditions. The level of significance was set at 5%. As observed from the results, occlusion for 40% of the subjects, where n = 12, was dominant on the right side. Occlusion for 23.3% of subjects, where n = 7, was dominant on the left side. Whereas, for 36.7% of subjects, where n = 11, the pressure distribution was almost equal on both sides. The inclination of body posture for 23.3% of subjects, where n = 7, was towards the right side. The inclination of body posture for 50% of subjects, where n = 11, was towards the left side. And, the inclination of body posture for 26.7% of subjects, where n = 8, was neutral i.e., balanced on the right and left side. Plantar pressure for 6.7% of subjects, where n = 2, was dominant on the right side. Plantar pressure for 36.7% of subjects, where n = 11, was dominant on the left side. Whereas, for 56.7% of subjects, where n = 17, the plantar pressure distribution was almost equal on both sides. On correlating the three parameters, it was found that occlusion for most of the subjects dominated on the right side, while body posture and plantar pressure dominated on the contralateral i.e., left side.

Exploring the Use of Augmented Reality in a Dodgeball School Sports Club

PURPOSE This study aimed to explore ways to utilize augmented reality (AR) in school sports and leisure by examining the case of an elementary school sports club using augmented reality-based e-sports. METHODS A self-study approach and Eisner's(1995) educational criticism were utilized. Data including photos, videos, literature, and memory boxes related to the elementary school AR sports club were collected weekly during the school semesters from March 2023 to January 2024, spanning a total of 30 weeks. The data were analyzed following the stages of analysis by Elo &amp; Kyngäs(2007). RESULTS Augmented reality can act as a personalized exercise coach by visualizing physical activity information. Through posture and movement analysis, education on physical strength and expression can be provided that is linked to home; it can also expand the range of sports experiences and create a new sports culture. In order to effectively utilize AR, edtech field experts must be trained, and content must be developed through cooperation between companies and schools. The educational effectiveness of the content must be verified and the management system must be inspected, and public facilities utilizing edtech must be expanded.CONCLUSIONS AR has endless development potential in school sports and leisure, but these will require active interest and support from educational authorities.

THE HISTORY OF USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

This article examines the historical development and implementation of information technologies in physical education and sports. Through comprehensive analysis of scientific literature and online sources, the study explores early innovations in computer programs and software applications designed for biomechanical analysis, monitoring of physical condition, training modeling, and individualized program creation in sports and fitness. Key contributions from researchers at the National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine are highlighted, including significant developments in posture analysis, foot diagnostics, and video-based motion capture systems. The paper thoroughly reviews specialized software for professional bodybuilding, aqua aerobics, family health management, and student physical education, demonstrating the breadth of applications across various domains. A detailed classification system for information technologies in physical culture and sports is presented, categorizing applications by areas such as sports training, physical education, and rehabilitation. The research demonstrates the widespread adoption of information technologies across diverse aspects of physical education and sports, enabling sophisticated biomechanical assessments, comprehensive physical state monitoring, advanced training simulations, and personalized program development. The authors conclude that information technologies have become integral tools in enhancing physical education and sports practices, with significant potential for further implementation in higher education curricula. The study also emphasizes the need for continued research and development in this rapidly evolving field, particularly in areas such as virtual reality applications and mobile technologies for promoting physical activity and health.

Assessment of the Relationship between Antero-Posterior Dental Malocclusions, Body Posture Abnormalities and Selected Static Foot Parameters in Adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to find if a relationship exists between antero-posterior malocclusions and the level of musculoskeletal disorders in adults, including body posture and static foot analysis. Methods: In all, 420 participants were recruited through convenience sampling (Kraków University students and patients of a local dentist's practice). Following general medical interviews, dental examinations and consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 healthy volunteers (ages 19-35) were enrolled and assigned to three groups (n = 30) based on occlusion type (Angle's molar Class I, II or III). The research procedure involved occlusion and temporomandibular disorder assessment conducted by a dental specialist. Comprehensive morphological measurements of body asymmetry were performed using the Videography 2D package and FreeSTEP software, which calculated the parameters determined from anterior, posterior and lateral projection photos. Foot loading distribution was analyzed using the FreeMED baropodometric platform. Results: Significant differences were demonstrated in the positioning of the head, cervical and lumbar spine in the sagittal plane among individuals with the analyzed occlusal classes (p < 0.05). Individuals with Angle's Class II exhibited significantly greater forward head positions and greater depths of cervical and lumbar lordosis compared with individuals with Class III or Class I. Those with overbites had higher forefoot loading. The Class III individuals exhibited greater L-R displacement, indicating a larger angle of displacement of the centers of the right and left feet relative to the lower edge of the measurement platform, suggesting pelvic rotation. Conclusions: An inclination for concurrent occurrences of malocclusions and posture deviations in the sagittal plane was observed. An interdisciplinary approach involving dentistry and physiotherapy specialists which utilizes tools for comprehensive posture assessment is crucial for diagnosing and treating such conditions.

Work Posture analysis Using the Rapid Entire Body Method Assessment (REBA) to Reduce the Risk of Injury in Line I Employees Upper Production PT. XYZ

This research aim to solve the problem of ergonomic standart in the process of making an upper shoes by implementing Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). This method is suitable to solve job body posture problem of the worker of PT XYZ based in Sidoarjo. PT XYZ is an international company and one of the expantion company from Denmark, they produce high quality shoes with more than 7000 workers. There are several plaint from the worker that they had a featigue in some part of te body. REBA assess the score from the top of the body to the bottom of the body and giving report are report of the posture risk. By using this method, the solution can be found with giving the right posture of the worker body while working their duty. The result of the research are confirmed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) the posture need an improvement by changing the moves of trunk, upper arm, and wrist. Reba score are known in 6 and it’s increasing to 3 after the improvement.