Analysis Of Other Kinds Research Articles

A Numerical Analysis of Conformal Energy Selective Surface Array with Synthetic Functions Expansion

Energy selective surface (ESS) is a special kind of metasurface with great potential in high-power microwave protection. In this paper, the electromagnetic (EM) properties of an ESS array are analyzed with synthetic functions expansion (SFX) method. A cylindrical conformal ESS array based on an I-shape element is designed for demonstration. The Bistatic RCS as well as electric field distribution of the ESS array is calculated with SFX and traditional full-wave numerical methods. The results show that SFX exhibits great advantages in memory cost while maintaining the same level of accuracy and efficiency with the multi-layer fast multipole method (MLFMM). Besides, the EM performance of the designed ESS is calculated with an array with finite elements and unit cell with periodic boundaries, respectively. The results show a good agreement. The proposed method can also be applied to the analysis of other kinds of metasurfaces whose elements share similar geometries with periodic or quasi-periodic arrangement. Especially for large-scale arrays, this method could well overcome the difficulty of balancing accuracy, efficiency, and resource consumption.

Chromium-based metal-organic framework embedded with cobalt phthalocyanine for the sensitively impedimetric cytosensing of colorectal cancer (CT26) cells and cell imaging

In this study, we have prepared the series of nanohybrids of Cr-based metal-organic framework (Cr-MOF) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) nanoparticles (denoted as Cr-MOF@CoPc) and investigated them as novel platforms of electrochemical cytosensors for determining colorectal cancer (CT26) cells. The developed Cr-MOF@CoPc nanohybrids were composed of irregularly small nanoparticles, mixed metal valence states of Cr2+/Cr3+/Cr5+ and Co2+/Co3+, rich functional groups of C–O and COO and strong fluorescence performance, as well as high specific area and large pore volume. These intrinsic features of Cr-MOF@CoPc nanohybrids endowed them with strong immobilization ability toward aptamer strands via π- π* stacking, electrostatic interaction, and van der Waals force, excellent electrochemical property, strong fluorescence intensity, and good biocompatibility. Compared with cytosensors based on the sole metal MOFs (Cr-MOF and CoPc) and other reported bulk MOF-based sensors, the constructed Cr-MOF@CoPc-based cytosensor exhibited low detection limit toward CT26 cells, for which the sensing performance was modulated by changing the dosage of CoPc nanoparticles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry results showed extremely low detection limits of 36 and 8 cells mL−1, respectively, within the concentration range of the CT26 cell suspension (50–1 × 107 cells mL−1), along with high selectivity, excellent stability, and acceptable reproducibility. Thus, the prepared cytosensor can be extensively applied for the analysis of other kinds of cancer cells when anchored their corresponding aptamer strands, providing great potential applications in the biosensor and biomedical fields.

Topological structure analysis of chromatin interaction networks

BackgroundCurrent Hi-C technologies for chromosome conformation capture allow to understand a broad spectrum of functional interactions between genome elements. Although significant progress has been made into analysis of Hi-C data to identify biologically significant features, many questions still remain open, in particular regarding potential biological significance of various topological features that are characteristic for chromatin interaction networks.ResultsIt has been previously observed that promoter capture Hi-C (PCHi-C) interaction networks tend to separate easily into well-defined connected components that can be related to certain biological functionality, however, such evidence was based on manual analysis and was limited. Here we present a novel method for analysis of chromatin interaction networks aimed towards identifying characteristic topological features of interaction graphs and confirming their potential significance in chromatin architecture. Our method automatically identifies all connected components with an assigned significance score above a given threshold. These components can be subjected afterwards to different assessment methods for their biological role and/or significance. The method was applied to the largest PCHi-C data set available to date that contains interactions for 17 haematopoietic cell types. The results demonstrate strong evidence of well-pronounced component structure of chromatin interaction networks and provide some characterisation of this component structure. We also performed an indicative assessment of potential biological significance of identified network components with the results confirming that the network components can be related to specific biological functionality.ConclusionsThe obtained results show that the topological structure of chromatin interaction networks can be well described in terms of isolated connected components of the network and that formation of these components can be often explained by biological features of functionally related gene modules. The presented method allows automatic identification of all such components and evaluation of their significance in PCHi-C dataset for 17 haematopoietic cell types. The method can be adapted for exploration of other chromatin interaction data sets that include information about sufficiently large number of different cell types, and, in principle, also for analysis of other kinds of cell type-specific networks.

Finite Motion Analysis of Parallel Mechanisms with Parasitic Motions Based on Conformal Geometric Algebra

Finite motion analysis of parallel mechanisms (PMs) denotes formulating the map between finite motion of end-effector and those of its component limbs. By employing conformal geometric algebra (CGA), this paper presents an analytical and accurate method to analyze the finite motions of PMs with parasitic motions. Herein, parasitic motions are defined as the dependent motions in the constraint Degrees-of-Freedom (DoFs) of PMs. Firstly, description of rigid body transformations based on CGA is reviewed. Then, the intersection algorithm of finite motions is introduced by exploiting the algebraic properties of CGA. Based on this, a method to formulate the finite motions of PMs with parasitic motions is proposed. Finally, Z3 mechanism is sketched as example by utilizing the approach. This method facilitates the invention of new mechanisms and can also be applied in the finite motion analysis of other kinds of PMs.

Spatiotemporal multistage consensus clustering in molecular dynamics studies of large proteins.

The aim of this work is to find semi-rigid domains within large proteins as reference structures for fitting molecular dynamics trajectories. We propose an algorithm, multistage consensus clustering, MCC, based on minimum variation of distances between pairs of Cα-atoms as target function. The whole dataset (trajectory) is split into sub-segments. For a given sub-segment, spatial clustering is repeatedly started from different random seeds, and we adopt the specific spatial clustering with minimum target function: the process described so far is stage 1 of MCC. Then, in stage 2, the results of spatial clustering are consolidated, to arrive at domains stable over the whole dataset. We found that MCC is robust regarding the choice of parameters and yields relevant information on functional domains of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) studied in this paper: the α-helices and β-floor of the protein (MHC) proved to be most flexible and did not contribute to clusters of significant size. Three alleles of the MHC, each in complex with ABCD3 peptide and LC13 T-cell receptor (TCR), yielded different patterns of motion. Those alleles causing immunological allo-reactions showed distinct correlations of motion between parts of the peptide, the binding cleft and the complementary determining regions (CDR)-loops of the TCR. Multistage consensus clustering reflected functional differences between MHC alleles and yields a methodological basis to increase sensitivity of functional analyses of bio-molecules. Due to the generality of approach, MCC is prone to lend itself as a potent tool also for the analysis of other kinds of big data.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SUPERNOVA LEGACY SURVEY SAMPLE WITH ΛCDM AND THERh=ctUNIVERSE

The use of Type~Ia SNe has thus far produced the most reliable measurement of the expansion history of the Universe, suggesting that $\Lambda$CDM offers the best explanation for the redshift--luminosity distribution observed in these events. But the analysis of other kinds of source, such as cosmic chronometers, gamma ray bursts, and high-$z$ quasars, conflicts with this conclusion, indicating instead that the constant expansion rate implied by the $R_{\rm h}=ct$ Universe is a better fit to the data. The central difficulty with the use of Type~Ia SNe as standard candles is that one must optimize three or four nuisance parameters characterizing supernova luminosities simultaneously with the parameters of an expansion model. Hence in comparing competing models, one must reduce the data independently for each. We carry~out such a comparison of $\Lambda$CDM and the $R_{\rm h}=ct$ Universe, using the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) sample of 252 SN~events, and show that each model fits its individually reduced data very well. But since $R_{\rm h}=ct$ has only one free parameter (the Hubble constant), it follows from a standard model selection technique that it is to be preferred over $\Lambda$CDM, the minimalist version of which has three (the Hubble constant, the scaled matter density and either the spatial curvature constant or the dark-energy equation-of-state parameter). We estimate by the Bayes Information Criterion that in a pairwise comparison, the likelihood of $R_{\rm h}=ct$ is $\sim 90\%$, compared with only $\sim 10\%$ for a minimalist form of $\Lambda$CDM, in which dark energy is simply a cosmological constant. Compared to $R_{\rm h}=ct$, versions of the standard model with more elaborate parametrizations of dark energy are judged to be even less likely.

Motion characteristcs analysis and simulation of move-in-mud robot

The move-in-mud robot withstands big rotating resistance when advancing in soil. A design is presented, combining with the advantages of parallel mechanism such as strong bearing capacity, inversing kinematics problems easily. It adopts the Tricept type parallel mechanism as the turning mechanism of move-in-mud robot, which improves the drive ability of move-in-mud robot. The whole mechanism scheme is presented. The transformation matrixes of staff coordinates of move-in-mud robot are presented. By the analysis on movement characteristics of move-in-mud robot, the mathematical model of movement track is built. The whole moving process of move-in-mud robot is simulated by computer simulation technology, and the angle change of turning joints is given with/without obstacles. The simulation results lay the foundation for mechanism design and path planning and so on, lay the mathe- matical foundation of research on the kinematical and dynamical analysis and simulation, establish the virtual prototyping of move-in-mud robot, meanwhile provide an effective approach to resolve the problem of motion characteristics analysis of other kinds of bionic robots.

Implementation of data-dependent acquisitions in the study of melphalan DNA adducts by miniaturized liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.

The study of defects in DNA caused by xenobiotics, more particularly the study of DNA adducts, is an important field in cancer aetiology. The analysis of low abundance DNA adducts formed in vivo both in animals and humans requires the development and implementation of highly sensitive analytical methods. Since only a minute amount of DNA can be isolated (ca. 100 microg) it is evident that the amount of sample consumed per analysis should be as small as possible in order to gather as much analytical information as possible. In this article an example is given of how this problem can be solved by the implementation of data-dependent acquisitions using capillary liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. As a case study the alkylation of DNA by melphalan is presented. Slight modifications of the chromatographic conditions (mobile and stationary phases) can allow the automated analysis of other kinds of DNA adducts.

Organizing Interests and Coalitions in the Politics of Market Reform in Latin America

A recent wave of deep empirical research provides a solid basis for a comparative reassessment of the role of coalitions in the politics of market reform in Latin America in the 1990s. This research confirms earlier findings that interest groups and distributional coalitions were not major protagonists in either antireform or proreform coalitions. The new research goes further empirically into analyzing the origins of interests, especially business interests, and finds them to be much more ambiguous and dynamic than assumed in earlier studies. Consequendy, other factors, especially organizations and the evolving macroeconomic context, were stronger influences on preferences regarding reform. Given the relative weakness of interest group coalitions, the article provides a typology and preliminary analysis of other kinds of coalitions—electoral, legislative, and policy—that have become more central to reform politics. These other types of coalitions still require further theoretical elaboration and empirical investigation in order to determine how they can best be deployed to illuminate reform politics.

The Religious and Cultural Roles of Dreams and Visions in Islam

AbstractSince “visions appear material to spiritual persons only, the vulgar herd of historians and annalists cannot hope to be so favoured by Heaven”. So, in his nineteenth-century account of the sūfīs of Sind, Sir Richard Burton expressed the dilemma of scholars researching Muslim dream and visionary experiences in his characteristic style. But while scholarly discussion of the visionary activities of premodern sūfīs and other Muslims is still no straightforward matter we need no longer be deterred by Burton's sardonic pessimism. Despite the reticence of earlier generations of positivist scholarship, the past two decades have witnessed a flourishing of research into the visionary aspects of Muslim religious and cultural practice, chiefly through the analysis of the extensive literature surrounding the dream and vision in Islam. For, from the very beginning of Islamic history, there has developed a rich and varied discourse on the nature of the imagination and its expression in the form of dreams and waking visions. The theoretical approaches to the imagination developed by early Muslim philosophers and mystical theorists were always accompanied by the activities of a more active sodality of dreamers and vision seekers. For this reason, Islamic tradition is especially rich for its contributions to both theories of the imagination and the description of its expression in dream and visionary experience. The abundant yields from this rich research field in recent years afford new insight into the Muslim past, allowing an often intimate encounter with past individuals and private experiences scarcely granted by the analysis of other kinds of documentation.

Excitation Sompi method and its application to an analysis of the Earth's polar motion

Summary We present a practical excitation Sompi method. The excitation Sompi method is a non-stationary time-series method developed for the analysis of physical phenomena that obey time-invariant linear processes. Hence, the model is a discrete form of an inhomogeneous linear differential equation. In contrast with previous methods, this method has three advantages: (1) the method estimates both the eigen coefficients of the dynamic system and the excitation sequence almost simultaneously; (2) the excitation sequence is without statistical constraints and can have a wide variety of characteristics; (3) the parameter estimation method is constructed to be robust for practical use: parameters with small error can be estimated even if the assumed model conditions are not fully satisfied. We demonstrate the usefulness of the present method by applying it to the analysis of the Earth's polar motion. We analysed SPACE95 data from 1976 to 1996 with a three-day sampling interval. As a result, a real eigenfrequency between 2.33 × 10−3 and 2.39 × 10−3 cpd was estimated. This is slightly larger than the previously estimated value of 2.30 × 10−3cpd. Because the previous methods, which lack these three advantages, tend to estimate biased parameters, our result is thought to be closer to the true value. On the other hand, Q, which was estimated to be from several tens to a thousand by previous methods, was estimated by the present method to fall in a range from 90 to 346. Using the present method, we thus succeeded in estimating a less biased real eigenfrequency and in restricting the range of Q. This will also be a powerful method for the analysis of other kinds of physical phenomena that obey linear time-invariant dynamic processes.

Application of the polynomial adjustment to the aeromagnetic survey of the Spanish Mainland; Requirements and shortcomings

Polynomial surfaces are a very useful tool in order to represent the geomagnetic field over small area of the Earth’s surface. Nevertheless, the method has not always been applied with enough precision, nor its limitations are considered in detail. This work analyses the conditions of applicability of this method to data from the aeromagnetic survey of the Spanish mainland accomplished in 1986, and the fulfilment of the necessary conditions to enhance a merely descriptive model to produce another of inferential character. The best statistical adjustment with only descriptive character, valid for the whole Spanish mainland, is a third degree model. The study proves that the conditions of validity for inferential models are met using polynomials of second and third degree in restrictive areas, but not over the whole Iberian Peninsula. In this case, the model of second degree is proposed as the best option because of its simplicity and the extension of its region of validity. To a great extent, the restrictions to enhance the descriptive models are due to the own nature, specially to their geographical dependence, and can also affect the analysis of other kinds of geophysical data.

Computer program for statistical Mann-Whitney U nonparametric analysis of neuronal spike activity

A program for neuronal activity analysis is described. The applied computational techniques are standard in the field of digital processing, but the program is particular in its field of application and mode of data selection. The program, written in Turbo Pascal for the IBM-PC and compatibles, statistically compares (Mann-Whitney U-test) two sets of graphically selected data, and establishes whether there are significant differences between them. Although the program was developed for spike frequency analysis, it can easily be adapted to perform statistical analysis of other kinds of data.

The Sampling and Analysis of Lead Fields in Electrocardiographic Torso Models

Reciprocal energization of an electrocardiographic lead connection in a torso model produces an electrical field from which equivalent cardiac dipolar and multipolar transfer coefficients may be determined. This purpose can be fully served by sufficiently numerous experimental measurements of reciprocal field potential over a Gaussian sphere which is large enough to encompass the entire cardiac region. A systematic field-sampling procedure of appropriate design has resulted in the development of reliable numerical methods for the resolution of reciprocal potential functions into the desired transfer coefficients. The underlying principles as well as the data reduction procedure itself are directly applicable to the analysis of other kinds of Newtonian potential functions.