Analysis Of Organic Rankine Cycle Research Articles

Thermodynamic Design of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Based on Petroleum Coke Combustion

Thermodynamic analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) was performed in this work. The Petroleum Coke burner provided the required heat flux for the Butane Boiler. The simulation of pet-coke combustion was carried out by using Fire Dynamics Simulator software (FDS) version 5.0. Validation of the FDS calculation results was carried out by comparing the temperature of the gaseous mixture and CO2 mole fractions to the literature. It was discovered that they are similar to those reported in the literature. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) time forecasting analysis was performed on this work. The AI algorithm was applied to the temperature and soot sensor readings. Two Python libraries were applied in order to forecast the time behaviour of the thermocouple readings: Statistical model—ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) and KERAS—deep learning library. ARIMA is a class of model that captures a suite of different standard temporal structures in time series data. Keras is a python library applied for deep learning and runs on top of Tensor-Flow. It has been developed in order to perform deep learning models as fast and easily as possible for research and development. The model accuracy and model loss plot shows comparable performance (train and test). Butane has been employed as a working fluid in the ORC. Butane is considered one of the best pure fluids in terms of exergy efficiency. It has low specific radiative forcing (RF) compared to Ethane and Propane. Moreover, it has zero ozone depletion potential and low Global Warming Potential. It is considered flammable, highly stable and non-corrosive. The thermodynamic properties of Butane needed to evaluate the heat rate and the power were calculated by applying the ASIMPTOTE online thermodynamic calculator. It was shown that the calculated net power of the ORC cycle is similar to the net power reported in the literature (relative error of 4.8%). The proposed ORC energetic system obeys the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The thermal efficiency of the cycle is 20.4%.

Exergy, economic and environmental analysis of organic Rankine cycle based vapor compression refrigeration system

This study analyzed, and optimized to address energy, cost, and environmental concerns across the globe of low-grade heat source driven combined organic Rankine cycle and vapor compression refrigeration (ORC-VCR) for multifunctional utility. The exergetic efficiency, total cost, and environmental cost of the system are taken as the indicators of the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance of the system, respectively. The results obtained by employing the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) indicate the optimal exergetic efficiency, total cost and environmental cost be 28.4%, $69949 and, $3491 respectively. The optimal combination of the operating parameters is R602 as working fluid, 75%, and 85% isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and expander, the outlet temperature of chilled fluid at 276 K, and inlet temperatures of the ORC evaporator and the cooling water at 393 K and 313 K. Moreover, the proposed system is compared with a commercially available 66.67 kW vapor compression chiller and this comparison led to the conclusion that the higher cost ($69949) of the ORC-VCR system is a major drawback in the commercial competitiveness of these systems. However, the reduction in emission of CO2 can lead the annual saving of environmental costs up to $3491.

Exergo-economic environmental analysis of organic Rankine cycle

The study deals with Energy-Exergy, Economic and Environmental analysis of Organic Rankine system developed for generation of 1KW of energy. The system is designed to work in a tropical climatic condition of Prayagraj India. The system utilizes the solar parabolic trough collector for the heating of R-134a (working fluid) to be expanded in Tesla turbine developed indigenously. The gear pump is used for pumping of liquid working fluid. The condensation is done is off the shelf condenser of window air conditioner. The experimentation is done and efficiency of the cycle was calculated to be around 23%. The overall system efficiency was found to be 9.5% which is higher than the average. The payback period was calculated considering the both energy and economic constraints. The energy payback period was found to be 1.59 years and economic payback was 9.42 years. The Ecological footprint is found to be an effective method of analyzing the effect of any technology on environment and thus ecological footprint is also evaluated to be 0.17 global hectare (gha). The system so develop is found to be feasible on sustainable development goals.

Analysis of ORC for waste heat recovery from marine engines using plate heat exchangers

Effective heat transfer in system components is extremely important for organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). The efficiency of heat transfer in condenser and evaporator of ORCs leads to high efficiency in ORCs. Plate heat exchangers can be used as the evaporator and condenser of an ORC system because plate heat exchangers have a high heat-transfer rate. For this reason, heat exchangers can be one of the important factors determining the efficiency of ORC systems. In this study, thermodynamic analysis of ORCs for waste heat recovery from marine diesel engines using plate heat exchangers was performed. For all operating conditions in this study, when the evaporator temperature was 175°C and the condenser temperature was 25°C, the peak efficiency of the ORC was determined to be 24% for the R123 working fluid among three different working fluids. Similarly, when the evaporator temperature was 175°C, the condenser temperature was 25°C and the mass flow rate was 42 g/s, the peak expansion power of the ORC was 2.45 kW for the R123 working fluid.

Analysis of organic Rankine cycle based on thermal and exergy efficiency

The binary power plant is a geothermal power generation system used at low to medium temperature levels and used indirect system. In this system, the heat generated from the reservoir is channelled to the secondary working fluid which has a lower boiling point than water using a heat exchanger. In this case, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a suitable system for use. This improves the performance and efficiency of the plants. However, in this system, the installation configuration of the ORC model is an important factor that can affect its performance. The selection of an improper ORC design reduces the thermal efficiency of the system. Therefore, it cannot utilize heat optimally. In this study, Engineering Equation Solution (EES) simulation program is used to run the system as in operation conditions. A comparative analysis is conducted using ORC, Regenerative ORC (RORC), and RORC with Internal Heat Exchanger (IHE). The results indicate that RORC with IHE has the greatest value for both energy (21.74%) and exergy efficiency (25.26%) while net power produced 5479 kW. This shows the addition of OFOH and IHE can increase these factors, improve performance and reduce energy degradation from the cycle.

Thermal efficiency analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System from low-grade heat resources using various working fluids based on simulation

Thermal Efficiency of Organic Rankin Cycle (ORC) Power Plant System from low-grade heat resources using various working fluids has been analyzed based on the simulation. Four working fluids, namely R-134a, R-32, R-407A, and R-422C were selected on the simulated ORC system to determine its thermal efficiency in some temperature set up of evaporator and condenser. The working fluids are simulated with mass flow rate of 0.15 kg/s at evaporator exit temperature of 75°C, 80°C, and 85°C and at condenser exit temperature of 20°C to 50°C at each 5°C temperature difference. Fluid properties in these conditions are analyzed with REFPROP software then become data input for Cycle Tempo simulation. The thermal efficiency values of each temperature and refrigerant variation are then analyzed to obtain optimum value and variation for the simulated ORC system. The efficiency was obtained at the evaporator exit temperature of 75°C and condenser exit temperature of 45°C. ORC simulation revealed that the optimum and realistic working fluid was R-32 with thermal efficiency of 7.03 %.

Thermodynamic analysis of Organic Rankine cycle driven by reversed absorber hybrid photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator system

In current study, an effort is made to improve the overall performance of the solar powered organic Rankine system to meet increasing energy demand and mitigate the resulting menace caused by environmental imbalance. Hourly performance evaluation of Solar powered Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system is done for varying concentration ratio in terms of collector output temperature, heat gain in evaporator, combined thermal and exergetic efficiency. The Heptane/R245fa is used as working fluid at fixed (0.1/0.9) fractional mass component. Organic Rankine system is coupled with reversed absorber hybrid photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVTCPC). The highest collector outlet temperature 125.45 °C, heat gain 3.21 × 105 W, combined thermal efficiency 7.8%, and exergetic efficiency 14.38% is observed at 13:00 h for 6 concentration ratio of the concentrator. This study establishes the utility of low-grade renewable heat source conversion into solar electrification, solar irrigation, solar cooling and solar water purification.

Advanced exergy analysis of organic Rankine Cycles for Fischer-Tropsch syngas production with parallel dry and steam methane reforming

The process for producing Fischer-Tropsch syngas (FTS) with the combination of steam and dry methane reforming (operating in parallel) is demonstrated with the most favorable economics. Conventional exergy analysis (CEA) is firstly used to diagnose the part and degree of inefficiency in the process. The energy-saving potential of each equipment and thermodynamic interactions are further evaluated and classified by advanced exergy analysis (AEA). The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with (or without) recuperators is introduced to recover the waste heat according to the obtained exergy analysis results. The thermodynamic efficiency and total exergy destruction of the ORC are defined as the objective function to determine best working fluids and optimal operation conditions. The performance assessment of proposed three different ORC schemes indicates the dual-pressure ORC system has the best performance with highest thermal efficiency accounting to 15.39%, annual net profit (ANP) accounting to 1.55 E+07dollar/year and 4.6 years payback period. The exergy loss of the novel system integrating with the dual-pressure ORC scheme is reduced to 13.21 MW compare to that of existing process accounts to 34.92 MW, and 88.21% of avoidable endogenous exergy destructions are recovered from waste heat sources. The proposed energy conservation approach in this study can be extended to some other similar chemical processes to achieve the maximum energy and exergy savings.

Performance Investigation of Solar ORC Using Different Nanofluids

A parabolic solar dish concentrator, as the heat source of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), can be used for power generation. Different types of tubular cavity receivers with different nanofluids can be considered for use in the solar dish collector to improve its efficiency. In the current research, an ORC with three different cavity receivers including hemispherical, cubical, and cylindrical are investigated using three nanofluids: Al2O3/oil, CuO/oil, and SiO2/oil. A numerical model is validated using experimental data. The ORC analysis is done for a constant evaporator pressure of 2.5 MPa, and condenser temperature of 38 °C. Methanol is employed as the ORC’s working fluid and a non-regenerative, ideal ORC system with different turbine inlet temperatures is considered. Furthermore, a fixed solar heat transfer fluid flow rate of 60 mL/s and dish diameter of 1.9 m is investigated. Results show that, compared to pure oil, the thermal efficiency of the cavity receivers increases slightly, and the pressure drop increases with the application of nanofluids. Furthermore, results show that the cubical cavity receiver, using oil/Al2O3 nanofluid, is the most efficient choice for application as the investigated solar ORC’s heat source.

Comparative analysis of nanofluid‐based Organic Rankine Cycle through thermoeconomic optimization

AbstractThe present work focused on the comparative analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operated with nanoparticles. The effect of CuO and Al2O 3 nanoparticles synthesized with water and circulated within heat exchangers are examined. Thermal efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC) of the nanofluid based ORC are evaluated simultaneously in the present work. The optimization problem of ORC is formed and solved using heat transfer search algorithm. Operating parameters of the nanofluid based ORC such as pinch point temperature difference of heat exchangers, evaporation pressure, the mass flow rate of refrigerant, and concentration of nanoparticles are investigated in the optimization study. Further, the effect of turbine ratio, heat source temperature, and mass flow rate of heat source fluid on CuO and Al 2O 3 based ORC is explored and discussed. It was observed that a total variation of 35.2% was obtained at the cost of 3.5% variation in LEC between extreme design points. The maximum thermal efficiency of 19.3% and 19.32% can be obtained with CuO and Al 2O 3 with 2.616 and 2.62 $/kWh, respectively. Comparative results reveal that CuO based ORC shows dominance in terms of economic performance over Al 2O 3 based ORC for any given value of the thermal efficiency.

Optimization of cyclic parameters for ORC system using response surface methodology (RSM)

ABSTRACT The present work focuses on response surface methodology-backed thermodynamic analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) driven by low-temperature heat sources (temperatures less than 150°C). The zeotropic mixture of Butane and Pentane is employed as a working fluid. Both pure fluids have zero ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential. The second order nonlinear polynomial mathematical model was developed by RSM methodology to get the relationship between thermal efficiency of ORC and decision variables. Furthermore, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was applied to get apprehend of most significant decision variables in terms of p-values and F-values. In addition, contour plots were drawn to analyze a range of decision variables in which thermal efficiency of ORC is found to be higher. The results indicate that the thermal efficiency is mostly affected by heat sink temperature, followed by isentropic efficiency of the turbine and mass fraction of zeotropic mixture.

Ecological cumulative exergy consumption analysis of organic Rankine cycle for waste heat power generation

Effective energy saving and environmental protection are the global topics. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) that efficiently converts the waste heat into electricity has drawn widespread attention. The sustainability assessment of ORC can explicitly reveal its contribution to mitigating the ecosystem degradation. Meanwhile, the ecological cumulative exergy consumption (ECEC) analysis is generally used to evaluate the sustainability of industrial activities. Therefore, we established the ORC-ECEC model based on the ecological life cycle assessment involving three fundamental aspects, the resource consumption, economic capital and the environmental impact. Particle swarm optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the system parameters. The working fluid, R134a, is used in ORC to illustrate the features of proposed framework and conduct the comparison with coal-fired power generation system. Further, systems using working fluids of different hydrogen fluoride olefins (HFOs) are selected to investigate the effect of working fluid on ORC sustainability. The results showed that the economic capital exhibited the largest ECEC during the life-time of ORC, followed by environmental impact and resource consumption. The ECEC of system using R134a was about 1.89E+10 sej/kWh, which was much smaller than that of coal-fired power plant, 1.41E+12 sej/kWh. In addition, the ECEC analysis of systems using different HFOs indicated that ORC using R1336mzz as working fluid was significantly superior compared to systems using other working fluids from the point of view of the sustainable development.

Economic analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and Organic Rankine Cycle with internal heat exchanger (IORC) based on industrial waste heat source constraint

Abstract In order to compare the economics of ORC and IORC systems based on industrial flue gas waste heat. 5 working fluids were selected to establish economic model of systems. The thermal performance and economy were compared, and the constraint relationship between the exhaust gas temperature and the performance of different systems was analyzed. The results show that the net power of ORC system using dry working fluid is higher than the system using wet working fluid, and the economic of the system using wet working fluid is better. The IORC and ORC systems using the same dry working fluid have an equivalent exhaust temperature with a net power difference of 0. When the exhaust gas temperature is higher than the equivalent exhaust temperature, the net power of the IORC system is higher than the ORC system; If the exhaust gas temperature is lower than the equivalent exhaust temperature, the economics of the IORC system deteriorates; the economics of the IORC system is inferior to the ORC system using the same dry working fluid.

Economic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Using R123 and R245fa as Working Fluids and a Demonstration Project Report

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a popular technology used in waste heat recovery and low-grade heat utilization, which are two important measures to solve the problems brought by the energy crisis. The economic performance of ORC system is an important factor affecting its application and development. Therefore, the economic analysis of ORC is of great significance. In this study, R123 and R245fa, two frequently-used working fluids during the transition period, were selected for calculating and analyzing the economic performance of an ORC used for recovery of waste heat with a low flow rate and medium-low temperature. Five traditional economic indicators, namely total cost, net earnings, payback period, return on investment, levelized energy cost, and present value of total profit in system service life, which is a relatively new indicator, were used to establish the economic analysis model of ORC. The variation effects of evaporation temperature, condensation temperature of working fluid, flue gas inlet temperature, and mass flow rate of flue gas on the above six economic indicators were analyzed. The results show that the optimal evaporation temperature of R123 is 125 °C, the optimal condensation temperature is 33 °C, and the optimal heat source temperature is 217 °C. For R245fa, the optimal evaporation temperature is 122 °C, the optimal condensation temperature is 27 °C, and the optimal heat source temperature is 177 °C. The economic performance of an ORC demonstration project was reported and used for comparison with the estimation and analysis. It was found that the single screw expander has an excellent economy performance, which greatly reduces the proportion of expander cost in the ORC system.

Energy And Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Parabolic Solar Collectors

Energy And Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Parabolic Solar Collectors

Operation Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle under Variable Conditions and Comparison confirmation of simulation calculation

The initial simulation calculation of the ORC power generation system was carried out using the software Aspen Plus, and the simulation data matched with the design conditions were obtained. According to the specific structure of the evaporator and superheater in the ORC power generation system and the characteristics of the software Aspen EDR, a new simulation calculation method is proposed: structural simulation calculation method. The calculation method and the direct simulation calculation method are used to carry out simulation comparison to find out the regularity of the change of waste heat resources, and it is convenient to further analyze and control the ORC power generation system.

Energy And Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Parabolic Solar Collectors

Energy And Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Parabolic Solar Collectors

Optimization and thermo-economic performance analysis of organic Rankine cycles using mixture working fluids driven by solar energy

ABSTRACTThe current paper communicates the thermodynamic investigation on non-recuperated organic Rankine cycle system employing environmentally friendly mixtures of hexane/pentane, isohexane/pentane, and butane/pentane. Results indicate that thermodynamic performance of a system employing referred mixture is superior, whereas system’s economy is inferior to employing pure working substance. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization is carried out to obtain optimal system performance. It is observed that the exergetic efficiency and UAtot value obtained through a number of iterations are 44.79–52.81% and (3.2 −9.12) x 104 W/K, respectively.

Machine Learning for the prediction of the dynamic behavior of a small scale ORC system

Dynamic modelling plays a crucial role in the analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems for waste heat recovery, which deal with a highly unsteady heat source. The efficiency of small scale ORCs (i.e. below 100 kW power output) is low (<10%). Therefore, it is essential to keep the performance of the system as stable as possible. To do so, it is helpful to be able to predict the dynamic behavior of the system, in order to perform a maximization of its performance over the time.In this paper, Feedforward, Recurrent and Long Short Term Memory networks have been compared in the prediction of the dynamics of a 20 kW ORC system. Feedforward Neural Network is the simplest among the architectures developed for machine learning. Recurrent and Long Short Term Memory networks have been proved accurate in the prediction of the performance of dynamic systems. This study demonstrates that the three architectures are capable of predicting the dynamic behavior of the ORC system with a good degree of accuracy. The Long Short Term Memory architecture resulted as the highest performing, in that it correctly predicts the dynamics of the system, showing an error prediction lower than 5% and 10% respectively for what concern the prediction 10 and 60 seconds ahead.

Review and Preliminary Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle based on Turbine Inlet Temperature

Review and Preliminary Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle based on Turbine Inlet Temperature