Analysis Of Operating Modes Research Articles

Design of Switch Operation Mode Rectenna and Analysis Effect of Power Absorbed Rectenna toward Power Received on FM 88-108 MHz Radio

Design of Switch Operation Mode Rectenna and Analysis Effect of Power Absorbed Rectenna toward Power Received on FM 88-108 MHz Radio

Analysis of Operating Mode of Electronic Product Reverse Supply Chain Based on FAHP

As a big country of electronic products consumption, China has entered the peak period of electronic products scrapping. At the same time, the renewal of electronic products has also led to the development of reverse supply chain of electronic products. Many electronic products enterprises have also launched their own reverse logistics, but some manufacturers have blindly implemented reverse logistics without reasonable planning, which makes a large number of electronic products failed. Get reasonable recovery. This paper studies the selection of operation modes of reverse supply chain for electronic products, analyses the status quo of waste electronic products recycling, and introduces three common operation modes of reverse logistics, namely self-management mode, alliance mode and outsourcing mode, and analyses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each operation mode. Combining with the principles of index screening and index system establishment, the evaluation index is screened and integrated, and the evaluation system of reverse logistics selection is constructed. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to select the operation mode of reverse logistics for waste electronic products, and the feasibility and practicability of this method are verified by demonstration.

Design and operating mode analysis of hybrid actuation system based on EHA/SHA

By analysing the structure and working principle of hybrid actuation system (HAS) which consists of a servo-hydraulic actuator (SHA) and an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA), the overall mathematical model with dissimilar redundancy conforms is established, which considers various influencing factors, such as air load and attachment stiffness. Furthermore, the mechanism of dynamic force fighting is expounded. In addition, a new control strategy which uses the trajectory generator and weight coefficient theory is proposed to restrain the force fighting. The modelling and simulation analysis between the new control strategy and a conventional proportional–integral–derivative control strategy is carried out as well. Based on the above researches, quantitative analysis is carried out on the procedure of operating mode switching, which is from active/active mode to active/passive mode. The results indicate that the position/velocity trade-off control strategy has a good control performance, and effectively restrains the static force fighting as well as dynamic force fighting. Besides that, it can also shorten the system response time. The HAS can still meet the actuating requirements after the operating mode switches to active/passive mode. The actuator in passive state generates a certain static error by the reason of tracking the position of the control surface.

Analysis of Operating Modes of Stand-Alone Series Controller of Power Flows for Overhead Power Transmission Lines

The features of using the bridge voltage inverter in small-size stand-alone series controllers of power flows (PFSC) for overhead power transmission lines (OPTL) are examined. The basic processes in the converter during transient and steady state modes were analyzed. The basic relations for calculating the electromagnetic processes taking into account the energy loss in the circuit and without it were received. A simulation model is proposed of a converter that makes it possible to study its operating modes during the formation of reactance introduced into the overhead power transmission line. The results of simulation of operating modes of the PFSC are presented.

A Novel Four-Phase Active Boost Switched Reluctance Inverter for High Speed SRM Drive

<span>A novel four-phase active boost switched reluctance inverter (SRI) having capability of improving performance of high speed SRM drive is presented. The proposed SRI provides fast fluxing as well as rapid de-fluxing with only two additional small voltage rating boost capacitors as compared to conventional SRI. Two boost capacitors were connected in such a way that each boost capacitor handles two alternate phases. This is an alternate solution to the problem caused by the overlap phase current which prevents the boost capacitor voltage to buildup. In proposed SRI, either of a boost capacitor and dc-link source forms the series connection during fluxing and de-fluxing period. Thus, the higher voltage for fluxing of SRM and negative higher voltage for de-fluxing of SRM are obtained. The operating mode analysis of proposed SRI are given in detail. The simulation for the conventional and proposed SRI has been performed and compared. And results justify the superior performance of proposed SRI<span>.</span></span>

Analysis of optimal operating modes of the induction traction drives for establishing a control algorithm over a semiconductor transducer

The study addresses determining optimal operating modes of the induction traction drive. We identified optimal operating modes of the autonomous voltage inverter at different temperatures of windings of the traction motors for a tram carriage and a diesel locomotive.The identification is carried out of optimal parameters in the operating modes of autonomous voltage inverter of the traction drive of a tram and a diesel locomotive. We obtained dependences of performance efficiency and electromagnetic torque of the induction traction motor on the rotation frequency and temperature of the windings for the following modes: acceleration, recuperative braking, and maintaining preset speed.We determined operating modes of induction traction drive of the tram Tatra T3 VPA and the diesel locomotive 2TE25A over the entire range of motors' rotation frequency at spatial-vector and one-time pulse-width modulation of the semiconductor inverter for different values of temperature of the motor's windings. A technique was devised for this purpose, which is based on solving a problem on the optimization of parameters of the traction drive using a combined method that employs genetic algorithms and the Nelder–Mead method.It was established that dependences of change in the transition point from the spatial-vector to the one-time PWM on the temperature of traction motor for a tram and a diesel locomotive are not similar. Different level of the location of this point is predetermined by the different load in magnetic circle of the motor, by different level of saturation coefficient. The difference in saturation coefficient is 0.15‒0.4 r.u.

An Optimized Energy Management Strategy of 48V Mild Hybrid Electrical Vehicle to Reduce Fuel Consumption

48V Mild Hybrid vehicle has attracted more and more attention recently. Based on United Automobile Electronic Systems (UAES) 48V system, this paper presents us an optimized energy management strategy which mainly consists of operating mode analysis and torque distribution strategy. What’s more, the fuel consumption was tested by UASE Labcar HIL bed in NEDC cycle. Consequently, the oil saving of 48V mild hybrid electrical vehicle can reach 9.24% with start/stop function.

Novel Dual-Phase-Shift Control With Bidirectional Inner Phase Shifts for a Dual-Active-Bridge Converter Having Low Surge Current and Stable Power Control

To transmit constant powers particularly at light load, the isolated dual active bridge (DAB) with conventional dual-phase-shift (DPS) control exhibits large variations of currents, losses, and efficiencies if there is a small change of outer phase shift ratio, which is caused by the change of command to adjust power transmission. This is mainly because of the narrow operation region of outer phase shift ratio if the conventional DPS modulation is used. To solve this problem, a novel DPS control with bidirectional inner phase shifts for the DAB is developed to reduce the current surge in the high-frequency transformer, which can stabilize the output power with high efficiency. From the analysis of operation modes and power characteristics of the proposed DPS control, it is shown that due to wider operation region of outer phase shift ratios compared with the conventional DPS control in which the inner phase shifts of both the primary and secondary H-bridges are in the same direction, lower surge current can be obtained in the change of phase shift command, which results in stable power transmission particularly at light load without scarifying the efficiency. Moreover, the DAB of using the proposed DPS control can transmit bidirectional energy with the inner and outer shift ratios of 0-1. For experimental verifications, the test results are also presented in this paper.

A Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Driver with Coupled Inductors for Streetlight Applications

This paper presents and implements a single-stage high-power-factor light-emitting diode (LED) driver with coupled inductors, suitable for streetlight applications. The presented LED driver integrates an interleaved buck-boost power factor correction (PFC) converter with coupled inductors and a half-bridge-type series-resonant converter cascaded with a full-bridge rectifier into a single-stage power conversion circuit. Coupled inductors inside the interleaved buck-boost PFC converter sub-circuit are designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) for achieving input-current shaping, and the half-bridge-type series resonant converter cascaded with a full-bridge rectifier is designed for obtaining zero-voltage switching (ZVS) on two power switches to reduce their switching losses. Analysis of operational modes and design equations for the presented LED driver are described and included. In addition, the presented driver features a high power factor, low total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current, and soft switching. Finally, a prototype driver is developed and implemented to supply a 165-W-rated LED streetlight module with utility-line input voltages ranging from 210 to 230 V. Experimental results demonstrate that high power factor (>0.99), low utility-line current THD (<7%), low-output voltage ripples (<1%), low-output current ripples (<10%), and high circuit efficiency (>90%) are obtained in the presented single-stage driver for LED streetlight applications.

Closed dynamical model of a double propeller HAWT

The mathematical model of a counter-rotating horizontal axis wind turbine is constructed. It is supposed that an electrical generator is connected into a local circuit with variable external resistance. External resistance in a local electrical circuit of the generator is a varied parameter of the model. Dynamic equations of the model contain nonlinear functions that describe aerodynamic torque acting on each propeller. This nonlinearity leads to existence of several fixed points of the dynamic system corresponding to operation modes of the HAWT with different characteristics. Existence and stability of steady solutions of the model equations is studied. Parametric analysis of operation modes corresponding to stable fixed points is performed. Domains of attraction of stable steady points are described. Strategies of control via changing of the parameter which is responsible for the external resistance are discussed.

Performance and operation mode analysis of a heat recovery and thermal storage solar-assisted heat pump drying system

A novel heat recovery and thermal storage solar-assisted heat pump drying system was set up. Moreover, the effect of different economic variables on payback period was investigated. The evaporator and condenser were integrated in the drying chamber and the water storage tank was set up in the system to recover the heat effectively and improve the utilization of solar energy. Based on a total required heat of 23.157MJ for drying 10kg of radish process, the theoretical analysis results illustrated that when the daily average radiation intensity was 0.480kW/m2 the system run at solar drying (SD) mode; when the daily average radiation intensity ranged from 0.430kW/m2 to 0.480kW/m2 the system run at the solar-assisted heat pump drying (SAHPD) mode; when the daily average radiation intensity was less than 0.430kW/m2, the system run at the heat pump drying (HPD) mode. The experimental results showed that the coefficient of performance of the drying system was ranged from 3.21 to 3.49 at the SAHPD mode. Furthermore, the SAHPD can save energy consumption by 40.53% in terms of heat recovery and thermal storage. The payback period for drying radish, pepper, and mushroom in the life span of the system was 6years, 4years, and 2years, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that mushroom is the most suitable material to be dried in this system.

On some paradoxes in the analysis of pulsed operation mode of acoustic transducers by the method of integral transformations

Reasons for the appearance of “precursors” and “tails” in the analysis of pulsed operation mode of acoustic transducers by the method of integral transformations are considered. It is emphasized that the reason is the impossibility to make an accurate allowance for the actual dependence of the complex wave number on frequency over the entire frequency range.

Understanding and Optimizing Vessel Propulsive Power and Fuel Use Using Duty Cycle Analysis Computations

The maritime industry is in a mind-set to save fuel and reduce emissions. How one achieves this end, however, can be a matter of some debate. Although substantial industry effort is being placed on things that can be optimized, to achieve real benefit and financial return one must first understand the details about how the vessel consumes propulsive energy during its mission. This article discusses a rational, simple, and effective systems engineering approach to identify power and fuel demands via computational propulsion analysis of the individual operating modes of a vessel's duty cycle. It explains sensible consumption metrics that can be used to evaluate and compare different physical systems, strategic plans, or helm decisions. A duty cycle operating mode analysis calculation for a tugboat in multirole service (as a harbor tug and in long haul ocean barge towing) is demonstrated using commercial off-the-shelf software, including examples of design-side and shipboard decision options and consequences.

Understanding and Optimizing Vessel Propulsive Power and Fuel Use Using Duty Cycle Analysis Computations

The maritime industry is in a mind-set to save fuel and reduce emissions. How one achieves this end, however, can be a matter of some debate. Although substantial industry effort is being placed on things that can be optimized, to achieve real benefit and financial return one must first understand the details about how the vessel consumes propulsive energy during its mission. This article discusses a rational, simple, and effective systems engineering approach to identify power and fuel demands via computational propulsion analysis of the individual operating modes of a vessel's duty cycle. It explains sensible consumption metrics that can be used to evaluate and compare different physical systems, strategic plans, or helm decisions. A duty cycle operating mode analysis calculation for a tugboat in multirole service (as a harbor tug and in long haul ocean barge towing) is demonstrated using commercial off-the-shelf software, including examples of design-side and shipboard decision options and consequences.

전기자전거 응용을 위한 배터리 충전 기능 내장형 부스트 컨버터

In the conventional E-bike, a 42 V/10 A Li-ion battery drives a 24 V/10 A BLDC motor via a 6-switch PWM DC/AC inverter. The major problems of the conventional battery-fed motor drive systems are listed as follows. To charge the battery, an external battery charger (adapter) is required, which degrades the portability of E-bike users. In addition, given the high-frequency operation of the motor drive inverter, the switching losses are significant, which degrades the whole power efficiency. High-voltage batteries (42 V) require a complex battery management system (BMS), which degrades the reliability of the battery pack. In this paper, an embedded boost-converter battery charger for E-bikes is proposed. The variable output boost converter, which converts 16.8 V battery voltage to the required variable voltage of the inverter input, can use a low-voltage battery and thus improve the reliability of batteries. By varying the inverter input voltage via boost converter, a DC link voltage control method can be applied to reduce the switching frequency of the inverter, which improves the whole power efficiency. Given that the function of a flyback charger is integrated in the proposed boost converter, the portability of the E-bike user can be maximized by excluding an external adapter. The validity of the proposed circuit will be confirmed by operation mode analysis and simulation. Moreover, experimental results of integrative charger using Li-ion battery and 200 W motor test will be showed with a prototype sample as well.

Definition, analysis and experimental investigation of operation modes in hydrogen-renewable-based power plants incorporating hybrid energy storage

This paper is concerned with Operating Modes in hybrid renewable energy-based power plants with hydrogen as the intermediate energy storage medium. Six operation modes are defined according to plant topology and the possibility of operating electrolyzer and fuel cell at steady-power or partial load. A methodology for the evaluation of plant performance is presented throughout this paper. The approach includes a set of simulations over a fully validated model, which are run in order to compare the proposed operation modes in various weather conditions. Conclusions are drawn from the simulation stage using a set of Key Performance Indicators defined in this paper. This analysis yields the conclusion that certain modes are more appropriate from technical and practical standpoints when they are implemented in a real plant. From the results of the simulation assessment, selected operating modes are applied to an experimental hydrogen-based pilot plant to illustrate and validate the performance of the proposed operation modes. Experimental results confirmed the simulation study, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each operation mode in terms of performance and equipment durability.

Stress-Corrosion Defects Fatigue Development in Compressor Station Output Gas Pipeline

This article examines the influence of operational factors on the development of stress-corrosion defects in accordance with the statistics of its detection on different parts of the gas transportation industry equipment. Results of the operational mode analysis and research samples of stress corrosion cracking of the compressor stations output pipeline are given. Results of X-ray microanalysis of the products of corrosion and cracking of the metal in the zone are shown.

Analysis of space payload operation modes based on divide-and-conquer clustering

With the development of space electronic technology, the space payload operation modes are more and more complex, and manual interpretation is prone to errors for much workload. Generally the space payload’s operation modes are reflected by its telemetry data. By analysing the characteristics of the payload telemetry data, it is proposed an automatic analysis method of payload operation modes based on divide–and–conquer clustering. The clustering method combines division and incremental clustering. The principle of the method is introduced and the method is validated using the actual payload telemetry data. Furthermore the improved method is proposed to the problems encountered. Experimental results show that divide–and–conquer clustering method has the feature of calculation simple and classification accurate, when applied to the classification of payload operation modes. Furthermore this method can be applied to the other areas of payload data processing by extending the method.

Algorithm for Size Statistic and Clustering of Block Image Sequences

The statistic algorithm for image processing, block clustering and block size is proposed according to the block image sequences. For complicated and regular distribution block image. Firstly, we get the binary picture, and calculate the ratio of the edge and ground and the maximum distance between the two edges by the pixel scanning method, then we can get the data sample of the size and block size distribution at the same time. Secondly, using the improved nearest neighbor algorithm[5], we get the block size classification, and the percentage of each regional size in the whole area. Computer emulate result proved that this method meets the demands of the real-time image processing better for its advantage as follows: the small calculation, the high precision. The algorithm will lay a solid foundation for the operating mode analysis and automatic control.

Multiple operating mode analysis of power converter based on graph theory

Power converters are the typical switched systems which operate based on the alternate switching of the semiconductor switches. The operating mode of power converters consists of several operating stages in one switching period. Each operating stage refers to a sub-circuit or equivalent circuit where different sub-circuits are switched in a fixed order according to the control strategy design. Power converter may operate in different operating modes even with the same control scheme, for example, the DC-DC converter has differing performance under the continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Thus, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the converter's characteristics in advance to avoid undesired operation in practice. In this paper, the power converter is considered as a graph made up of several meshes. All sub-circuits in power converter can then be obtained by the mesh combination algorithm, and the operating mode can be constructed by considering the preset switching ON/OFF scheme. Ultimately, the typical waveforms in different modes can be predicted, which is useful to identify abnormal phenomena. Cúk converter is taken as an example to demonstrate the proposed multiple mode analysis method. It is found that there are four kinds of phenomena in addition to the well-known CCM and DCM. Finally, the experimental results are provided and show good agreement with the theoretical analysis.