Analysis Of Municipal Solid Waste Research Articles

Supply Chain Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Released in Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City of Nepal

In Nepal, solid waste management is one of the major environmental issues, especially in the urban areas. While solid waste management (SWM) has become a major concern for municipalities and the country as a whole, the status of SWM is not fully understood due to the lack of SWM baseline data, which are also essential for effective planning. Such a back drop, this research attempts to assess the plastic waste released, management and recycling in supply chain in Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City. This study revealed that about 83.8% households segregate their waste. None of the surveyed households have had public waste collection bin nearby their home whereas all households have had knowledge on solid waste management. About 63% HHs heard of importance of plastic waste recycling and all express their readiness to segregate the plastic solid waste if recycling program is set up in municipal area. Per capita waste generation per day is 141 gm out of which about 15% is plastic waste. On an average daily waste released at household level are 0.8 kg/HH which is 28.1 kg per institution. Total wastes release per day from Hetauda city is 27.4 MT and 10006.8 MT per year. About 931 MT plastic per year are gone in dumping sites in the Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City. This study suggests that municipal office needs to develop an appropriate policy and strategy framework together with technical guidelines on key issues such as organic composting, recycling and landfill operation from dumping sites. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 11, Issue-3: 34-42.

Application of hybridized ensemble learning and equilibrium optimization in estimating damping ratios of municipal solid waste

The dynamic analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for optimizing landfills and advancing sustainable development goals. Assessing damping ratio (D), a critical dynamic parameter, under laboratory conditions is costly and time-consuming, requiring specialized equipment and expertise. To streamline this process, this research leveraged several novel ensemble machine learning models integrated with the equilibrium optimizer algorithm (EOA) for the predictive analysis of damping characteristics. Data were gathered from 153 cyclic triaxial experiments on MSW, which examined the age, shear strain, weight, frequency, and percentage of plastic content. Analysis of a correlation heatmap indicated a significant dependence of D on shear strain within the collected MSW data. Subsequently, five advanced machine learning methods—adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and cubist regression—were employed to model D in landfill structures. Among these, the GBRT-EOA model demonstrated superior performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.898, root mean square error of 1.659, mean absolute error of 1.194, mean absolute percentage error of 0.095, and an a20-index of 0.891 for the test data. A Shapley additive explanation analysis was conducted to validate these models further, revealing the relative contributions of each studied variable to the predicted D-MSW. This holistic approach not only enhances the understanding of MSW dynamics but also aids in the efficient design and management of landfill systems.

Analysis of municipal solid waste as a source of energy production using fuzzy decision system

One of the major causes of global environmental deterioration is the enormous amount of municipal solid waste generated as a result of increasing industrialization and expanding populations. Managing the limited land resources of metropolitan areas and the growing volumes of waste generated as a result of development has become increasingly challenging for decision makers. Anaerobic digestion, gasification, pyrolysis, and incineration are among methods that help to derive energy from the various types of municipal wastes. Using these processes, waste is converted into energy, which is then used to produce power. It reduces the burden on landfills and helps in the fight against pollution in the environment. This article proposes the optimal municipal waste that can be used to derive energy using fuzzy multiple criteria decision making. This area of operational research focuses on achieving the best outcomes in intricate situations with a variety of indicators, competing goals, and requirements. This tool is gaining popularity in the sector of energy extraction because it allows decision makers to make judgments while considering all criteria and objectives at the same time. Finally, sensitive and comparative study is provided to determine the sturdiness of the proposed system.

Cognizing waste: a comprehensive quantitative and characterization analysis of municipal solid waste in Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation, India

Cognizing waste: a comprehensive quantitative and characterization analysis of municipal solid waste in Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation, India

Transitioning towards circular economy through municipal solid waste analysis and characterisation using SowaCLINK software

Municipal solid waste constitutes environmental challenges globally, especially in developing countries, due to increasing waste generation, population growth, inadequate infrastructure, lack of data and poor planning. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive waste audit on the municipal solid waste generated in Aba, a metropolis in southeastern Nigeria. Aba is a commercial city considered the messiest because of the massive municipal solid waste generation and poor management. The study investigated the energy potential and waste regeneration. Municipal solid waste data was sought to provide insight into the quantity and composition of municipal solid waste. The methodology was site-based, in line with the standard test method for determining unprocessed municipal solid waste (ASTM-D5231-92) and SowaCLINK software, a computer-based environmental application, was used for characterization. Linear extrapolation was adopted to quantify the rate of municipal solid waste generated. The geometric mean was applied to forecast the area’s population for a 10-year design period. The chemical elements of the characterized municipal solid waste were utilized based on the ASTM-D5291 standard for municipal solid waste thermochemical conversion, and the high and low heating values were analyzed. The outcomes provided energy recovery potential, the electrical power potential, and the power to the grid of electrical power of the municipal solid waste. The results obtained were 0.7813 kg/p/d and 490,268 t/y for a population of 1,719,185 persons. The percentage of the municipal solid waste components with energy potential was 71%, comprising 48% combustible and 23% organic components on average. The high heating value computed was 176.5 MJ/kg, and the low heating value was 14 MJ/kg. The energy recovery potential was 3,709,463 MWh, the electrical power potential was 38,680 MW, and the power to the grid was 26.1 MW daily. The research reveals a promising direction in transitioning from the linear economy of municipal solid waste management toward implementing an integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management based on the circular economy model. The study recommends adopting detailed steps to proffer solutions to the environmental challenges associated with municipal solid waste in most low-middle-income countries to achieve sustainable municipal solid waste management while generating electricity and bio-fertilizers through incineration and anaerobic digestion.

A method for determining the recycling value of unprocessed municipal solid waste in one cubic meter waste composition analysis technique

The transition from conventional landfill-centric waste management to resource-centric methodologies necessitates an enhanced comprehension of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and its inherent value. Existing methodologies documented in the literature exhibit a lack of standardization, impending the formulation of a systematic engineering approach for MSW characterization and valuation. This study introduces a methodology specifically tailored to discern the composition of waste origination from urban households and evaluate its recyclability within the confines of a circular economy framework, Employing a volume-based measurement approach, aims to estimate the recycling value of waste materials. The study's outcomes contribute significantly to quantifying the potential recycling value that accrues to society. Furthermore, the validation of the proposed protocol elucidates the dynamic nature of recyclable value as it traverses the intricate pathways of the waste supply chain. This insight facilitates the formulation of commercial models grounded in circular economy principles for the effective management of household solid waste. Empirical findings reveal that the total recycling value fluctuates within the range of USD 3.39 and USD 5.76 per cubic meter of waste volume, contingent upon the specific waste composition at the experiment site. Additionally, the proposed methodology uncovers the nuanced variability in MSW composition and recycling value across diverse household collection patterns, identifying mixed plastic, paper, cardboard, mixed MSW, and clothing as primary constituents. The application of this methodology extends beyond mere quantification, providing a foundational framework for simulating the latent recycling value embedded within MSW samples. This, in turn, offers invaluable support to strategy developers, policymakers, and entrepreneurial ventures engaged in the sustainable management of household solid waste. In essence, this study establishes the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of MSW composition and its recyclability, facilitating informed decision-making in the pursuit of a circular economy.•Novel methodology based on one cubic meter (1m3) composition analysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).•A new method to evaluate the recycling value of Municipal Solid Waste.•A basis for business model development for the waste-to-resource conversion model.

Characterising and Analysing the Composition and Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Delhi, India

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and characteristics from four landfill sites in Delhi, India. The study reveals that the moisture content in the MSW from all sites was below 40%, impacting leachate formation and microbial activities. Varied compositions were observed among the sites, with the Okhla landfill having higher paper and plastic content, while the Ghazipur landfill exhibited elevated wood content. Recycling emerges as a crucial focus, with approximately 36.5% of the waste comprising reusable materials like plastic and paper. Composting, particularly vermicomposting, proves to be a promising waste disposal method due to the substantial organic content (approximately 75%) in the MSW. These findings hold significant implications for waste management policies in Delhi, encouraging sustainable practices and effective waste treatment strategies for a greener future.

Generation and composition analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) in District Shopian Kashmir, J & K, India | JBES 2022

Generation and composition analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) in District Shopian Kashmir, J & K, India | JBES 2022

Comparative Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste to RDF Pretreatment Methods in Indonesia

Municipal solid waste in Indonesia has a high potential to be used as an alternative energy source. One of the methods is by producing refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as coal substitution. Pre-treatment is needed to reduce high water content in domestic waste, especially in Indonesia, to produce high-quality RDF. This study compares and analyzes the optimal pre-treatment method to produce RDF from domestic waste based on each RDF product characteristic. The research reviewed and analyzed the data of RDF characteristics of various pre-treatment methods applied in Indonesia from pilot-scale experiments as primary data and previous research as secondary data. The methods compared are fermentation method, sun-drying, and bio drying. RDF from each method was tested to collect the proximate and ultimate characteristics data. Statistical analysis of RDF characteristics is carried out to determine whether there is a significant difference from different pre-treatment methods. This analysis shows no significant effect on the difference in the characteristics of the RDF. RDF from bio drying provides the highest average number of calorific values and lowest moisture content. The study concluded that the bio drying method is recommended in more waste treatment facilities in Indonesia to increase waste as an alternative energy resource.

Tourism and waste management: An analysis of municipal solid waste

AbstractTourism has the potential to protect natural and cultural assets upon which it depends; however, the growing number of travelers may pose burdens. Among the potential environmental externalities, solid waste production is an often overlooked factor, although the literature highlights it as one of tourism's most visible impacts on the environment. This paper aims to address the complex interdependence of tourism and waste generation using spatial models. The results showed a positive response of solid waste disposal at an increase in tourism flows. Due to the complexity of the topic, the research note calls for future research.

Energy Treatment of Solid Municipal Waste in Combination with Biomass by Decentralized Method with the Respect to the Negative Effects on the Environment

Waste is a product of society and one of the biggest challenges for future generations is to understand how to sustainably dispose of large amounts of waste. The main objective of this study was to determine the possibility and conditions of the decentralized combustion of non-hazardous municipal waste. The analysis of the combustion properties of a mixture of wood chips and 20–30% of municipal solid waste showed an improvement in the operating parameters of the combustion process. Analysis also confirmed that the co-combustion of dirty fuels and biomass reduced the risk of releasing minerals and heavy metals from fuel into the natural environment. Approximately 55% of the heavy metals passed into the ash. The analysis of municipal solid waste and fuel mixtures containing municipal solid waste for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed the risk of increasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in flue gases.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Butwal Sub-metropolitan City, Nepal

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Butwal Sub-metropolitan City, Nepal

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of municipal solid waste in Iran for implementation of best waste management practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

With the rapid growth of population, development of different industries, and production of several ranges of products, the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been growing significantly in the recent years. However, if MSW is not managed properly, it can greatly contribute to an environmental crisis. In the present study, we aimed to examine the characteristics and quantity of MSW generated in Iran through a meta-analysis and systematic review. The major international and Iranian national databases including Science direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, and SID and Magiran were searched completely using appropriate keywords to identify the articles that have been published from 2003 up to November 2019 on the topic on interest. Based on the inclusion criteria, a number of 13 papers were found eligible to be reviewed in this study. The results showed that the amount of generated waste per capita in Iran is 839g/capita/day. Moreover, organic matters, paper and cardboard, plastics, glasses, textiles, rubber, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), wood materials, and other wastes were found to be contributed to 65.85%, 8.79%, 8.39%, 2.73%, 2.74%, 1.18%, 1.07%, 2.83%, 1.20%, and 5.22% of total MSW in Iran, respectively. Due to the high level of organic waste in MSW stream in Iran, composting program is recommended as a practical and beneficial approach. Of note, the recyclable materials include plastic, PET, glass, metals, and paper and cardboard have accounted for 24.05% of total MSW in Iran.

Isoconversional nonisothermal kinetic analysis of municipal solid waste, refuse‐derived fuel, and coal

AbstractThe thermal characteristics and kinetic behavior of various solid wastes, including refuse‐derived fuel (RDF) and municipal solid waste (MSW), were investigated as a potential renewable energy source, in comparison with low‐rank coal. The experimental data were obtained in nonisothermal conditions through TGA analysis at specific heating rates. In addition to thermal characteristics of solid fuels, four isoconversional (model‐free) kinetic methods: a: Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), b: Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO), c: Friedman, and d: Vyazovkin were applied to calculate activation energies. In case of solid wastes, it is possible to say that the trend of activation energies of all isoconversional methods remains almost same in the selected region of conversion (0.1‐0.6 and 0.7‐0.9). Whereas in case of coal, Friedman model exhibits lower and inconsistent values of activation energy than others selected isoconversional methods. The experimental and modeling results revealed that that solid wastes (RDF and MSW) can be promising alternative energy sources to encounter energy crisis and uncontrolled waste disposal issues.

Physico-chemical analysis of municipal solid waste on germination and plantlet enhancement of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds

Physico-chemical analysis of municipal solid waste on germination and plantlet enhancement of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds

Experimental analysis of municipal solid waste blended with wood in a downdraft gasifier

This paper presents the voyage of an innovative design and development and performance study of the multi-condition acceptability and flexible operation of a tar-free municipal solid waste (MSW)–refuse derived fuel gasifier. The innovation of the technology and its development are highly emphasised for converting waste into energy through gasification. The designed and fabricated gasifier (100 kg/h capacity) is a downdraft gasifier that is square in shape and operates slightly above atmospheric pressure to generate tar-free producer gas. The design operates with pellets and fluffy MSW. The generated producer gas was tested for both thermal applications. This designed gasifier can be scaled up and implemented to suit the requirements of industrial energy demand, which has wide-ranging applications. For optimum performance, a 25 kg amount of char is needed to gasify MSW completely. The energy output from the mass and energy balance is 92.5% optimal for effective gas generation. Energy generation from the designed gasifier and process optimisation for thermal energy from gas with enhanced efficiency abets in drastically reducing the cost of factory’s energy consumption. This also helps achieve reduced environmental emissions with good returns on investments.

Spatial–temporal variations and forecasting analysis of municipal solid waste in the mountainous city of north-western Himalayas

Municipal solid waste management is a growing problem faced by several municipalities and has become a global issue, particularly in mountainous cities of developing countries. This study focuses on the existing pattern of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) and challenges in the mountainous city of Srinagar, Kashmir, India. The study aims at analysing the municipal solid waste composition, spatio-temporal variations of municipal solid waste generated and its management by using ArcGIS mapping software. The annual results of MSW composition revealed high organic waste (53.40%), followed by recyclable (16.79%) and inert waste (23.40%), respectively. Further, the ANOVA statistical analysis in SPSS software was utilized to evaluate the seasonal variations between two seasons (i.e. winter and summer). The results showed a significance between the type of MSW and the season in which MSW was generated (p = 0.001). Further, the GIS-based spatial maps were generated, viz. ward-wise location, population density, municipal solid waste generation, wastebin density and spatial distribution of open waste points with illegal dumpsites. The spatial map findings showed high-density of MSW generation between (30.04 and 35.65) Mt day−1 in administrative wards of (4, 6, 7, 16, 20, 21, 22 and 23), due to high population density. Furthermore, the forecast trend of MSW generation between 2020 and 2030 was evaluated in Minitab software. Based on forecasted findings, a total of 216,82,10 Mt MS will be generated during the next decade (i.e. 2020–2030). This high-quantity trend of MSW generation indicates that extra pressure will be on the existing MSW system. However, the problems of MSW management can be mitigated by implementing the integrated waste management plan.

Particle size analysis of municipal solid waste for treatment process modeling.

Several unit operations used in municipal solid waste (MSW) processing facilities are based on physical properties of the waste materials, such as particle size, density and shape. Reliable expressions describing particle size distribution (PSD) of the different waste components present in MSW are not readily available in the context of process modeling. In this study, the characterization data for household wastes and construction and demolition (C&D) wastes were analysed with the purpose of selecting the most representative PSD expression for these waste streams. The Rosin-Rammler distribution was identified over the log-normal and the gamma distributions as the best-fitting PSD for the waste samples. This was demonstrated for both raw and processed waste samples. Parameters were derived and validated for every category of MSW materials considered in the characterization. A model for mixed household waste PSD was developed based on the summation of Rosin-Rammler expressions corresponding to each category of waste materials, as the composition was determined to be the main factor influencing particle size. A simplified model was also derived for mixed waste as a bimodal distribution since two main modes were observed in household waste - one for the "organic" fraction and one for the "inorganic" fraction.

Assessment of municipal solid waste selective collection scenarios with geographic information systems in Bolivia

The analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) selective collection (SC) scenarios is compulsory for planning future policies and actions towards circular economy. The use of geographic information system (GIS) is appropriated for obtaining reliable data about SC yields and management costs. However, in low-middle income countries, advanced assessments are difficult to introduce due to the lack of technical knowledge, financial support and the presence of the informal recycling sector. This research aims to assess the main potentialities of the introduction of SC systems in a Bolivian developing city taking into account the informal SC system in place. The study was conducted with QGIS3.8 software in order to evaluate the main advantages of the implementation of formal and informal recycling chains. Results reported that, comparing the implementation of formal SC of MSW with the scenario that considered the inclusion of the informal recycling, the activity of waste pickers allows reducing the expenses of about 10%, increasing the recycling rate of about 3.5%, and reducing the distances traveled with compactor trucks of about 7%. It means that, the annual path traveled by the collection trucks for gathering about 16,000ty−1, is reduced by 2734kmy−1, reducing the waste disposed to landfill of about 543.6ty−1 and the expenses of about €59,000 per year. The presentation of these results to policy-makers can support decision-making boosting the implementation of recycling activities including waste pickers. The study provided a contribution to the scientific literature assessing the main challenges and opportunities for implementing the circular economy in developing regions.

Soil water characteristic curve test and saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis in Jiangcungou municipal solid waste landfill, China

In this study, an analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) is undertaken at the Jiangcungou landfill in Xi’an, China. Using waste specimens gathered from the landfill, the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is determined at the laboratory, and the effects of landfill age and dry density on the SWCC parameters are analyzed. Leachate level trends during the landfill lifecycle are examined by performing saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis with the consideration of precipitation, as well as the inner source of water. These results are then summarized into three primary points. First, the shallow waste in the Jiangcungou landfill lost its water relatively quickly at small negative pressure heads, while the deep waste lost its water much more gradually. In addition, the deeper waste exhibited a lower volumetric water content when the matrix suction was less than 1.4kPa, but the result was opposite when the matrix suction was more than 2.0kPa. Second, the saturated volumetric water content and steepness of the SWCC decreased as the dry density increased, and the residual volumetric water contents increased and the inverse of the air-entry pressure decreased with increasing landfill age. Third, layers three, five and six demonstrated the highest leachate levels in the eighth landfill stage especially layer five, and these merit the greatest attention in monitoring and construction. These findings may provide a basis for the management of the Jiangcungou landfill.