Multiplier Analysis Research Articles

Event-Triggered Distribution System State Estimation: Sparse Kalman Filtering With Reinforced Coupling

A novel distribution system state estimation (DSSE) method is proposed for power distribution networks with low-observablity, where the measurements come from only a few distribution-level phasor measurement units (D-PMUs). The proposed DSSE method is event-triggered, which means the state variables are updated based on the information that is extracted from the events in the power distribution system. In this regard, the estimations of the state variables during the previous events are used as priori information to predict the state variables at the current event. Accordingly, a novel data-driven method based on elastic net regression analysis is proposed to learn the event-triggered state transition matrix. The DSSE problem is formulated as a generalized group Lasso problem, which is augmented based on the knowledge on the sparsity patterns of the state variables that are extracted from the analysis of the events. Here, in the absence of direct power measurements, we enhance our ability in sparse recovery by developing a new reinforced physics-based coupling method among the state variables, in which we add a novel set of linear differential power flow equations to the DSSE problem formulation in forms of virtual measurements. Finally, two different approaches are proposed to solve the formulated sparse event-triggered DSSE problem. The first approach is exact but computationally expensive, as it requires conducting a batch alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) analysis. The second approach is approximate, but it is much faster as it works based on a novel modified Kalman filter/smoother in the presence of ℓ1-norm.

Permission or Prohibition of Vertical Integration: the Experience of the Russian Freight Rail and Power Industry

Despite the presence of a positive effect from the development of competition, confirmed both in theory and in practice, in a crisis, priorities can be given to short-term effects of the financial stability of a business. The authors analyzed the state of the industries of electricity generation and freight rail transportation in terms of their vertical integration model and financial results of companies, including an assessment of the cost of the latter's business. The choice of industries is justified by the absence of vertically integrated companies in the first industry and their presence in the second, which allows us to analyze the causes and consequences of allowing vertical integration for companies in backbone industries. The results of the analysis of financial multipliers show that in the case of vertical integration of railway companies with an infrastructure organization, there is no “premium” to the value of the business relative to non-integrated companies. This leads to the conclusion that integrated companies in the industry do not receive unconditional advantages over nonintegrated players. At the same time, vertical integration and competition are not connected by an unambiguous causal relationship, however, the experience of the studied industries demonstrates that vertical integration may not hinder the development of competition in the industry. We assume that a further increase in the level of competition in the electricity market can be ensured by separating assets in the formed wholesale market, even if the ban on vertical integration is lifted.

Dynamic modeling and analysis of a new coaxial magnetic multiplier for size-limited hydraulic channels

A magnetic transmission designed to improve the effectiveness and reliability of space-limited hydraulic channels is considered. The axial moments of rotation of high-speed and low-speed rotors, as well as the densities of radial magnetic fields in the air gaps of the high-speed rotor-modulator and modulator-stator pairs obtained by computer simulation are given. The stability of the magnetic multiplier is confirmed. Keywords: magnetic transmission, magnetic multiplier, computer simulation, system stability, size-limited hydraulic channels. bashmur@bk.ru, abr.yury@mail.ru

Multiplier Effects of Tourism Sector in Yogyakarta: Input-Output Analysis

In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), the tourism sector contributes roughly to 34% of the total output, either directly or indirectly. Because of the enormous potential of tourism in boosting the economy, the local government was encouraged to adopt plans and programs so that the tourism sector's long-term viability can influence the development of other sectors. This study aims to describe the economic multiplier effects of tourism industry operations. An examination of the input-output table of 35 sectors in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2015 was carried out in this study. An examination of output, income, gross value added, and labor linkage and multipliers was made from an input-output analysis. The hotel and restaurant industry, as well as air transport, is considered as the key sector in the linkage study (forward and backward linkage). The sector with the biggest employment absorption, according to the multiplier analysis, is trade.

A Mathematical Approach to the Money Multiplier Analysis on Indonesian 1997–1998 Monetary Crisis

In crisis moments, massive liquidity supports, extensive cash withdrawal, and large reserve hoarding can all lead to the change in monetary base, currency ratio, and reserve ratio respectively. In turn, all these disruptions could cause money supply to change. This research aims to find out which factor (among the change in monetary base, currency ratio, and reserve ratio) became the main causal factor of increasing money supply in Indonesia during 1997–1998 crisis. The method follows mathematical equation models used by Friedman & Schwartz (1963) and Stauffer (2006) in analyzing Great Depression in the US. This research has found that the change in monetary base in Indonesia during 1997–1998 crisis became the main cause of increasing money supply in that period. This result is consistent with what the other literatures had said.

IMPACT OF TOBACCO EXCISE ON SECTORAL OUTPUT AND GROSS INCOME OF INDONESIA : AN APPLICATION OF INPUT OUTPUT ANALYSIS

(Excise on Tobacco Products (CHT) as the largest contributor to the Indonesian economy when compared to other excisable goods reaches 96% so it is considered quite effective to improve the country's economy. CHT has increased every year with the aim of controlling the negative impact of cigarette consumption and relaxing the success of the High Risk Excise Control (PBHT) in eradicating illegal cigarettes. This study aims to analyze the impact of the CHT increase on sectoral output and Gross Domestic Product. The method of analysis in this study is Input-Output using the 2010 IO table (updated in 2019). The classification of the Input Output table is 185 sectors and aggregated into 21 sectors. The analysis in this study is multiplier analysis, distribution and linkage. The result is that the increase in CHT on the tobacco product processing industry has no impact on the national economy as a whole, so it is better for the CHT increase regulation to remain in effect. The government must supervise related parties in the production of the cigarette industry so that fraud does not occur if the CHT increase is still in effect.

Linear Peridynamics Fourier Multipliers and Eigenvalues

A characterization for the Fourier multipliers and eigenvalues of linear peridynamic operators is provided. The analysis is presented for state-based peridynamic operators for isotropic homogeneous media in any spatial dimension. We provide explicit formulas for the eigenvalues in terms of the space dimension, the nonlocal parameters, and the material properties. The approach we follow is based on the Fourier multiplier analysis developed by Alali and Albin (Applicable Analysis 2526–2546, 1). The Fourier multipliers of linear peridynamic operators are second-order tensor fields, which are given through integral representations. It is shown that the eigenvalues of the peridynamic operators can be derived directly from the eigenvalues of the Fourier multiplier tensors. We reveal a simple structure for the Fourier multipliers in terms of hypergeometric functions, which allows for providing integral representations as well as hypergeometric representations of the eigenvalues. These representations are utilized to show the convergence of the eigenvalues of linear peridynamics to the eigenvalues of the Navier operator of linear elasticity in the limit of vanishing nonlocality. Moreover, the hypergeometric representation of the eigenvalues is utilized to compute the spectrum of linear peridynamic operators.

High-Frequency Characteristics Analysis of Transformer-Based Voltage Multiplier in Lightweight Process of Unidirectional High Step-up Converters for Offshore Wind Farms

To realize the lightweight of unidirectional high step-up converters for offshore wind farms, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency. However, there is a gap in the analysis of the switching frequency effect, the frequency characteristics of the converter are not clear enough to provide theoretical guidance for the high-frequency design. To address this problem, the effect of switching frequency on the voltage conversion ratio (VCR) and maximum output power (MOP) of the widely used transformer-based voltage multiplier (TBVM) in unidirectional high step-up converters is discussed in this paper. More accurate mathematical models for two types of TBVMs, pulse-width-modulation TBVM (PTBVM) and resonant TBVM (RTBVM) are established. The effect of frequency on VCR, MOP, stresses together with losses is analyzed in detail accordingly. Theoretical analysis and comparison show that, in PTBVM, the increase in switching frequency decreases MOP and enlarges the VCR sensitivity to the load, and power switches suffer from large current stresses due to circulating power. In contrast, RTBVM is more suitable for high-frequency applications for the following advantages: duty cycle independent characteristics, higher maximum output power, higher efficiency, and load-insensitive VCR. Finally, experiments at 100 kHz switching frequency verified the theoretical analysis.

Design and performance analysis of low power and energy-efficient vedic multipliers

Design and performance analysis of low power and energy-efficient vedic multipliers

Design and Analysis of Efficient Vedic Multiplier for Fast Computing Applications

Design and Analysis of Efficient Vedic Multiplier for Fast Computing Applications

Economic analysis of sustainable exports value addition through natural resource management and artificial intelligence

Sustainable exports value addition is extremely essential in contemporary economies as they provide individuals and businesses with numerous additional destinations for their products and serve as source of foreign exchange earnings. Mismanagement of natural resources is thought to be essential in growing natural resource curse and, as a result, decreasing the value addition of sustainable products, contributing to unsustainable development. Artificial intelligence, along with other factors, has emerged as a major driver of output and value addition. The present study investigates the asymmetric role of artificial intelligence and natural resource management on sustainable export value embedment over the period 1980–2020 for China's economy using the Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. The results of the study validate the asymmetric association between artificial intelligence and sustainable export value addition. Similarly, an asymmetric relationship exists between natural resource management and the value of sustainable export. Further, the dynamic multiplier analysis advocates that the effect of negative shock in artificial intelligence is dominant whereas the impact of positive shock in natural resource management is influential on increasing sustainable export value addition. Therefore, our study concludes that policymaking on the assumption of concerned symmetric impacts is misleading. Lastly, our study suggests that policymakers may strive for high growth trends and refrain from the decline in artificial intelligence and natural resource management so that stipulated sustainable value addition can be obtained.

Design and Analysis Of Approximate Multiplier With Reconfigurable Reduction

Design and Analysis Of Approximate Multiplier With Reconfigurable Reduction

Performance analysis of Ternary Adder and Ternary Multiplier without using Encoders and Decoders

This work presents comparison of ternary combinational digital circuits that reduce energy consumption in low-power VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design. CNTFET and GNRFET-based ternary half adder (THA) and multiplier (TMUL) circuits has been designed using ternary unary operator circuits at 32nm technology node and implement two power supplies Vdd and Vdd/2 without using any ternary decoders, basic logic gates, or encoders to minimize the number of used transistors and improve the energy efficiency. The effect of CNTFET and GNRFET parametric variation with threshold voltage on performance metrics namely delay and power has been analyzed. Dependence of threshold voltage on the geometry of carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon makes it feasible to be used for ternary logic design. It is analyzed that CNTFET based circuits are energy efficient than the GNRFET- based circuits. It is also concluded that the CNTFET-based circuitshas less power-delay product (PDP) when compared to GNRFET- based circuits. CNTFET-based THA is 23.5% more efficient than GNRFET-based THA and CNTFET-based Tmul is97.8% more efficient than GNRFET-based Tmul.All the digital circuits have been simulated using HSPICE tool.

On the energy scaling behaviour of singular perturbation models with prescribed dirichlet data involving higher order laminates

Motivated by complex microstructures in the modelling of shape-memory alloys and by rigidity and flexibility considerations for the associated differential inclusions, in this article we study the energy scaling behaviour of a simplifiedm-well problem without gauge invariances. Considering wells for which the lamination convex hull consists of one-dimensional line segments of increasing order of lamination, we prove that for prescribed Dirichlet data the energy scaling is determined by theorder of lamination of the Dirichlet data. This follows by deducing matching upper and lower scaling bounds. For theupperbound we argue by providing iterated branching constructions, and complement this with ansatz-freelowerbounds. These are deduced by a careful analysis of the Fourier multipliers of the associated energies and iterated “bootstrap arguments” based on the ideas from [A. Rüland and A. Tribuzio,Arch. Rational Mech. Anal.243(2022) 401–431]. Relying on these observations, we study models involving laminates of arbitrary order.

Performance analysis of 4-bit ternary adder and multiplier using CNTFET for high speed arithmetic circuits

Multiple valued logic (MVL) can represent an exponentially higher number of data/information compared to the binary logic for the same number of logic bits. Compared to the conventional devices, the emerging device technologies such as Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) and carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) appears to be very promising for designing MVL logic gates and arithmetic circuits due to some exceptional electrical properties such as the ability to control the threshold voltage. This variation of the threshold voltage is one of the prescribed techniques to achieve multiple voltage levels to implement the MVL circuit.This work presents a 4-input ternary adder using carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET). Many researchers have been done work on implementation of ternary adders and multipliers. But no one has done the comparison of this proposed ternary adder with different types of nano transistors. Hence this work has been proposed a design of low power and high speed 4-input adder which will be useful for designing of fast ternary multipliers. All the proposed designs have been simulated using emerging device such as CNTFET at 32nm technology node. From the simulations, we have calculated the power consumptions of the proposed designs, carry propagation delay and power delay product for the CNTFET circuits. It has been observed that CNTFET based proposed logic circuits given a better performance than the conventional logical circuits.

Industries Development with the Input-Output Analysis: Investment Simulation on Two Regencies in Indonesia

The similarity of the industrial structure of the main industries in two neighboring regencies, Wonosobo and Temanggung, Indonesia, is expected to result in equality demand for intermediate and primary inputs. The neighbouring regencies are located in the mountainous area and had similarities in economic structure. The goals of this study were to analyse the economic structure, select 5 main sectors in each district, and compare the impact of the economic investment on the main sectors in order to identify the effectiveness of the investment in the same production sector in the context of its impact on the economy. This research employed independent Input-Output analysis using the 2016 Input-Output Tables of Wonosobo and Temanggung regencies to evaluate the flow of intersectoral transactions and develop a multiplier analysis to determine development strategies which are shock injections applied to each region. This study hypothesises that the increase of sectoral investments increases output which is relatively the same in 5 corresponding industries in both regions. The obtained results showed that the selected main sector included Trade, Other Food and Beverage Industries, Building, and Wood and Wood Materials Industries. The investment on the main industrial sector led to a higher improvement in Temanggung rather than in Wonosobo. By simulating investment policies in two adjoining regencies, the optimally economic impact on each region and the cooperation approach used to carry out development planning can be assessed.

A fair-biased allocation of investment between economic sectors using social accounting matrix multiplier analysis

Economists have exploited the social accounting matrix in linear economic models to analyze the effect of some variables such as government spending, investment, and export on other economic indicators including total output, employment, household income, and economic growth. In this paper, the influence of investment injection on some economic indicators is analyzed. In addition, to gather different indicators in a general view, these economic indicators are applied as inputs and outputs in a data envelopment analysis model. Overall, to get to the best possible economic conditions, a fair revenue allocation method is used based on a data envelopment analysis model to determine each economic sector’s quota of investment. Next, a kind of fair-biased allocation method improving the economic conditions in comparison to the prior model is proposed. Finally, the whole process for Iran’s social accounting matrix and subsequent results are presented.

DAMPAK WISATA PANTAI MINANGA TERHADAP EKONOMI LOKAL MASYARAKAT DESA KOTAJIN UTARA KABUPATEN GORONTALO UTARA

Coastal tourism is progressing rapidly along with the development of digital technology, especially the development of social media. Various information on newly opened beach tourism locations was introduced on social media, thereby attracting tourists to visit and ultimately opening up business opportunities for local communities in tourist areas. This study aims to determine the impact of Minanga Beach tourism on the people's economy of Kotajin Utara Village. A total of 99 tourist respondents, 32 business unit owners, and 24 workers were interviewed to see the impact of tourism on the community's local economy. Keynesian Income Multiplier and Multiplier analyses were used to determine the direct, indirect, and continued impact of Minanga beach tourism. The results showed that Minanga Beach tourism had an impact on the local economy of the people of Kotajin Utara Village, Atinggola District, Gorontalo Utara Regency, with the Keynesian Income Multiplier value of 1.77, Ratio of Income Multiplier Type I of 1.13, and Ratio of Income Multiplier Type II of 1.70.

Wheat Markets and Price Stabilisation in Pakistan: An Analysis of Policy Options

This article provides a quantitative analysis of the effects of Pakistan government domestic wheat procurement, sales, and trade policies on wheat supply, demand, prices, and overall inflation. Analysis of price multipliers indicates that increases in wheat procurement prices (one means of promoting domestic procurement) have relatively small effects on the overall consumer price index. Partial equilibrium analysis of wheat markets suggests that fluctuations in production, rather than market manipulation, are plausible explanations for price increases in recent years. Comparisons of domestic and international prices suggest that promoting private sector imports is one alternative for increasing supply and stabilising market prices, particularly in years of production shortfalls. Overall, this paper concludes that market forces play a dominant role in price determination in Pakistan, and that policies that promote the private sector wheat trade can both increase price stability and reduce fiscal costs.

An analysis of the social and private return to land use change from agriculture to renewable energy production in Ireland

Increased use of renewable energy is a major part of Ireland's plans to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, lessen reliance on fossil fuels, and enable sustainable economic growth. Two forms of renewable energy interesting Irish policymakers are bioenergy and solar PV. To scale up these technologies, land will be required to grow bioenergy feedstocks and erect ground mount solar PV arrays. A micro, farm-based approach is utilised to generate private returns from renewable energy production, and agriculture, adjusted for the cost of GHGs. This considers both the cost to society of increasing GHG emissions and the benefit of reducing emissions.This paper compares income that could be derived from renewable energy production with average agricultural income from the main farm systems in Ireland. The private (market and subsidy) and social (GHG) return from substituting renewable energy sources for the existing agricultural land use on 1 ha is considered. We also use input-output modelling to generate output multipliers for renewable energy technologies: biogas, biomethane, short rotation coppice (SRC) willow, and solar PV.The results show that the market return from growing 1 ha of grass silage and SRC willow is less than for all the main farming systems. When the social value of the feedstock is considered by putting a monetary value on displaced GHG emissions, producing grass silage and willow biomass can provide a better return to farmers than cattle and sheep farming. Due to the high land rental amounts available to farmers from solar companies, the market and social return is higher for using land to erect solar PV than any of the main agricultural activities. Results from the output multiplier analysis show that biomethane production has the highest multiplier while solar PV has the lowest.