Multiplier Analysis Research Articles

A Functional Classification Analysis of Government Spending Multipliers

A Functional Classification Analysis of Government Spending Multipliers

Assessing the economy-wide impacts of digital transformation in the Korean economy: A social accounting matrix multiplier approach

This study assesses the economic impact of digital transformation (DT) in Korea by utilizing a Social Accounting Matrix to explore interconnections across various datasets. Through a social accounting matrix multiplier analysis, this study empirically identifies the production inducement, income inducement, and income distribution effects driven by DT-related infrastructure investments. We analyze how DT influences production, income, and income distribution through infrastructure investments, focusing on its effects on the labor market and household income. The findings indicate that DT accelerates economic growth, favoring digital capital-intensive industries and high-skilled labor, potentially increasing employment polarization and exacerbating income inequality. This study highlights the need for dual approach as to enhance national competitiveness and inclusiveness in an economy driven by DT technologies. This approach involves two key components that work synergistically to maximize the benefits of DT while addressing its potential challenges, suggesting that industrial and innovation policies should be reconstructed to align with the demands of a DT-driven economy.

Comparative analysis of Vedic multiplier using Vedic sutras with existing multipliers in biomedical application

In today's computer world, a lot of real-time applications require rapid processing units. Arithmetic Logic Units (ALU) and Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) are the fundamental parts of these circuits and are necessary for their effective and rapid operation. The most significant prevalent part of digital signal processing devices is multipliers. The multiplier, adder, and registers need to be changed in order to maintain accuracy and increase execution speed, which will improve the performance of the ALU and MAC. The development of greater multipliers is being given priority for application in processors because of the increasing constraints on latency. To accelerate multiplication, it is essential to develop quicker multipliers. Vedic multipliers are preferred over different current expansions due to their low power consumption, fast operation, and efficient use of space. Vedic mathematics-based algorithms are often utilized to build quick, low-power multipliers. In addition to simulation results, this section covers the four sutras of Vedic mathematics: Urdhva Tiryakbhyam, Ekadhikena Purvena, Ekanyunena Purvena, and Nikhilam. Vedic multipliers are also compared to a variety of modern multipliers, including booth, Wallace, and array multipliers. All of the sutras are evaluated according to area, speed, power, propagation delay, and mean relative error (MRE) in the current research. The results of the study will be applied in the biomedical field.

Fiscal multipliers in recession and expansion. An analysis for the Italian regions

This paper estimates the multipliers of two types of government spending in the 20 Italian administrative regions throughout 1960–2017, distinguishing between phases of expansion and recession. We derive regime- and region-specific multipliers through a nonlinear Bayesian heterogeneous panel threshold VAR model and provide a wide-ranging sensitivity analysis. We find that both government consumption and government investment multipliers are higher in recession than in expansion. In almost every region, government investment multipliers exceed unity in recession phases and are generally higher than their government consumption counterparts regardless of the business cycle. An exploratory analysis of the region-specific multipliers suggests that the difference between the region-specific multipliers in recession and expansion is positively associated with structural labour slack and negatively associated with trade openness. Factors related to the quality of local institutions, such as corruption and the relative size of the informal economy, also have a negative impact.

Research on the industry sequence for the expansion of China's carbon market: From the perspectives of stabilizing economic growth and employment

Since the national carbon market in China started trading in 2021, only over 2000 enterprises in the power generation industry have participated in the trading, with a small cumulative trading volume. There is an urgent demand for market expansion. Currently, the Chinese economy is still in the recovery stage, facing significant employment pressure. In order to avoid a large negative impact of the expansion of the Chinese carbon market on the economy, key industries should be systematically included in the national carbon market. We developed a social accounting matrix (SAM) multiplier analysis based on industry grouping and consider two scenarios: first, each key industry reduces CO2 emissions by 1 ton, and second, each key industry reduces CO2 emissions by 1 %. For the first scenario, we calculate the marginal value added and employment impacts of carbon reduction. For the second scenario, the impact of carbon reduction on the elasticity of value added and the elasticity of employment are calculated. Industries with the higher added value and employment losses per unit of carbon reduction should be included later in China's national carbon market. The sorting results of the two scenarios can mutually corroborate each other. Our order of inclusion is different from the market's expectations, and the results are also different from previous relevant studies. On the one hand, we not only calculates the direct economic impact of key industries included in the national carbon market but also calculates the indirect and induced economic impacts. On the other hand, we used a “from the outside to the inside” planning method rather than “from the inside to the outside.” We recommend sequentially including the remaining seven key industries in the national carbon market according to the order in this article.

Insights into the Impact of Irrigation Agriculture on the Economy of the Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Social Accounting Matrix Multiplier Analysis

Insights into the Impact of Irrigation Agriculture on the Economy of the Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Social Accounting Matrix Multiplier Analysis

Peranan Sektor Industri Pengolahan Dalam Perekonomian di Indonesia dengan Pendekatan Input Output Tahun 2010-2016

Abstrak In the analysis of the Indonesian input output table, it can be seen that the processing sector has a quite important role in the economy in Indonesia. From the linkage analysis, the sectors that have above average future linkage figures are the electricity, gas and industrial sectors. However, from the results of the distribution analysis, divided into two, namely the distribution coefficient and distribution sensitivity, it was concluded that the processing industry sector had a distribution coefficient value of 1,090 and a distribution sensitivity value of 3,143. And the results of the multiplier analysis of the output of the processing industry sector were only able to reach third place, namely 1,815 from the classification of 9 sectors of the Indonesian economy.

Food And Beverage Industry Sector Linkages In Indonesia

: The food and beverage industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly at the moment. Indeed, Indonesia is currently undergoing an economic transformation towards industrialization and services. Therefore, one of the factors that can support the acceleration of industrialization in Indonesia is to look at the linkages between the food and beverage industry sector, which makes the largest contribution to the manufacturing sector, and other industrial sectors. This study examines the linkages between the food and beverage industry and other manufacturing sectors, as well as the resulting income multipliers. The data used in this study is Indonesia's 2021 input-output data obtained from BPS. The analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis, linkage analysis, and multiplier analysis. The results showed that the food and beverage industry sector contributed 23.15% of the gross value added of the manufacturing industry. The IFL value of 1.1703 and the IBL value of 1.2092 indicate that the food and beverage industry has strong linkages with the downstream and upstream sectors. When multipliers, specifically income, are considered, each demand for the food and beverage industry of 1 rupiah, results in a total increase in income in the sector of Rp 345,911,027.

Reinvestigating the Oil Dependency of the GCC Countries’ Stock Market: A Regime-Switching Cointegration Approach

This paper investigates the asymmetric impact of oil prices on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets using a regime-switching cointegration approach with data from April 2012 to April 2022. we postulate that investors consider ups and downs in the stock market index instead of price-earnings ratios in their decision-making process. Our results indicate that investors exhibit more optimism during economic upturns, corresponding to positive oil shocks, than pessimism during economic downturns. The study offers several contributions to the literature: (i) Diagnostic tests affirm that constructing the model based on stock market index movements rather than P/E ratios results in superior performance. (ii) As expected for oil-dependent nations, our model attributes more significant deterministic influence to the oil market and closely tracks the stock market. (iii) The results demonstrate that positive oil shocks exert a more pronounced long-term asymmetric influence on GCC stock markets than adverse shocks. (iv) Dynamic multiplier analysis reveals that oil shocks persist longer in Oman, Bahrain, and Qatar's markets than in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. (v) The stock market in the United Arab Emirates exhibits greater independence from oil price fluctuations, responding modestly, while Qatar and Bahrain markets are more sensitive.

Design and Analysis of Low Power Approximate Multiplier Using Novel Compressor

Design and Analysis of Low Power Approximate Multiplier Using Novel Compressor

ANALISIS DAMPAK EKONOMI EKOWISATA PULAU BERAS BASAH KOTA BONTANG

Beras Basah Island in Bontang City has become one of the attractions of marine ecotourism. Ecotourism activities on Beras Basah Island cause an economic impact on local communities. So this study aims to determine the economic impact of ecotourism on Beras Basah Island, Bontang City. The data analysis method used is a multiplier analysis consisting of Keynesian Local Multiplier Income, Ratio Income Multiplier Type I and Ratio Income Multiplier Type II. Based on the results of the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the ecotourism business on Beras Basah Island has not had an impact on the local community, this can be seen in the Keynesian Income Multiplier of 0.22, the Type I Income Multiplier Ratio was recorded at 1.47 and the Type II Income Multiplier Ratio was 1.91.

Performance Analysis of Vedic Multiplier in Hardware Implementation of Biomedical Applications

As technology advances at a rapid pace, there is an increasing need for real-time digital signal processing (DSP) applications that are efficient and swift. DSPs, or digital signal processors, are crucial components of several engineering disciplines. For processes like convolution and Fourier transforms in DSPs, rapid multiplication is essential. Multiplication is one of the basic mathematical operations used by all applications. Many different multiplier designs have been developed to boost their speed. When compared to array and booth multipliers—the products of decades of hard research—vedic multipliers are among the fastest and lowest power multipliers. The sixteen sutras, or algorithms, that the Vedic Multiplier uses are primarily logical procedures. They are the fastest and most effective because several of them have been proposed using the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam sutra. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the numerous biomedical applications of Vedic Multiplier in the wide field of digital signal processing, including denoising of Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram ( EEG) signal. Particular attention is paid to how current Vedic Multiplier designs have been altered to increase speed and performance metrics.

Performance Analysis of Vedic Multiplier in Signal Processing Applications

The demand for quick and effective real-time digital signal processing (DSP) applications has increased due to the rapidly advancing technology. Digital signal processors, or DSPs, are essential to several engi- neering specialties. In DSPs, quick multiplication is crucial for operations like Fourier transformations and convolution. One of the fundamental arithmetic processes required by all applications is multiplication. To increase their speed, numerous multiplier designs have been created. Vedic multipliers are among the quick- est and lowest power multipliers compared to array and booth multipliers which are the result of decades of intensive research. The Vedic Multiplier works with sixteen sutras, or algorithms, most of which are for logical processes. Since several of them have been proposed utilizing the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam sutra, they are the fastest and most efficient. This paper's goal is to summarise the many uses of Vedic Multiplier in the broad field of digital signal processing such as image processing, with a focus on the various ways that Vedic Multiplier designs that are now in use have been modified to improve speed and performance metrics.

Финансовые индикаторы динамики стоимости ESG-ориентированных компаний Китая

The priority of investing in sustainable development and ESG-oriented companies has become a global trend. Along with the developed markets of the USA and Europe, numerous ESG indices have been formed in countries of other continents. This segment of the stock market shows high growth rates in China. The purpose of the article is to identify the financial indicators that are most closely related to the value dynamics of ESG-oriented companies in China. The empirical base for the comparative analysis of companies adhering to ESG principles and not implementing them in practice was 48 companies included in the SSE 180 ESG Leaders Index of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and 44 companies from the Shanghai Composite index that are not included in the ESG indices. The analysis of the value dynamics of the two groups of companies showed the higher resilience of ESG-oriented enterprises to the crisis phenomena in the economy. However, the comparative analysis of multipliers did not allow us to conclude that one of the groups of companies is more attractive for investment. Special attention was paid to the study of financial indicators of fundamental analysis. The main conclusion is important for investors: the growth in the value of ESG-neutral companies is not consistent with the positive dynamics of financial indicators, and such investments are riskier than investments in ESG-oriented companies. Further research on investment attractiveness of financial ESG-instruments and individual companies, adhering to the principles of sustainable development and represented in the stock market of China, will be associated with more detailed factor analysis, which is important for Russian investors to make informed decisions when developing a new capital market.

Multiplier effect of Riam Bidadari tourism village on economic growth in Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan

One of the problems faced by all regions in Indonesia is how to create high economic growth and reduce inequality. Tourism villages are considered capable of overcoming this problem. Tabalong Regency as a leading district must be able to capture the potential and opportunities with the presence of IKN in East Kalimantan as an area that directly borders. The agricultural and beauty potential that is owned in almost all sub-districts in Tabalong is an opportunity to increase people's welfare through the synergy of tourism and agriculture through agriedutourism. This study aims to analyze the multiplier effect of Riam Bidadari Tourism Village on the economic growth of Tabalong Regency. Data collection techniques in the form of observation and structured interviews with questionnaires. Data were processed descriptively using descriptive Keynesian multiplier analysis to identify the multiplier effect in Riam Bidadari Tourism Village, Tabalong Regency. The results of the study showed that the Keynesian Local Income Multiplier value in the Riam Bidadari Tourism Village was 3.78, the Type I Income Multiplier Ratio value was 1.08, and the Type II Income Multiplier Ratio value was 1.17.

The comparative financial feasibility analysis and the environmental impacts of sugarcane-based bioethanol production in South Africa

The objective of this paper was to determine the financial feasibility and environmental implications of bioethanol production from sugarcane in South Africa. The financial feasibility objectives was achieved using two capital budgeting techniques, namely, the Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) under four scenarios considerations: all sugarcane is used for biofuel production (I), all sugarcane destined for the sugar export market is used to produce bioethanol, II), All sugarcane is crushed into cane juice which is then transported into the refinery (III) and IV) Export designated sugarcane is transported by farmers to the refinery in the form of a cane juice. The environmental implications were determined using the Input-output and multiplier analysis. The NPV and BCR) results indicated that it is not feasible to produce bioethanol from sugarcane without a government subsidy. The production of sugarcane-based bioethanol however had environmental benefits as it was estimated to results to an average Green House Gases (GHGs) emission reduction of 28% related to petrol, of which 84% of the GHGs emission savings was from Carbon Dioxide (CO2). For bioethanol production to be financially feasible the financial support from private investors and government is recommended in subsidising the cost of feedstock.

The Economic and Environmental Effects of a Green Employer of Last Resort: A Sectoral Multiplier Analysis for the United States

We assess the sectoral impact of the implementation of a “green” employer of last resort (ELR) program in the US, based on an environmental modification of an extended Kurz’s (1985) multiplier framework and data from OECD Input-Output tables. We use these multipliers to estimate the impact of an “optimal” ELR, designed to maximize the impact on both output and employment while minimizing both imports and carbon emissions. We then test several alternative policy scenarios based upon different compositions of US government expenditure. We provide evidence that (1) investing in the optimal sectors in terms of output, employment, CO2, and import multipliers does not always deliver optimal results in the aggregate; (2) ecological sustainability for the US economy also fosters import sustainability; (3) a rebounding effect in CO2 emissions may be tamed if the ELR satisfies the abovementioned optimality condition, though this undermines its success in terms of output and employment.

A game theoretic approach on the investment in economic sectors by multiplier analysis: case study of Iran's economy

A game theoretic approach on the investment in economic sectors by multiplier analysis: case study of Iran's economy

Разработка методологии оценки экспортного потенциала и ее апробация на примере Республики Узбекистан

This paper proposes a universal methodology for assessing export potential of different countries. It takes into account both external and internal supply and demand factors. The methodology is based on the assessment of various trade indices, such as the Balassa index, trade complementarity index and export specialization index. In addition to analyzing the export capabilities of countries, the methodology also focuses on analyzing the countries’ presence in foreign markets (through the geographical structure of imports). The presented methodology is complemented by the estimation of output multipliers (based on Input — Output tables). The calculation of output multipliers takes into account additional induced effects resulting from the growth of household and government incomes, which are partly spent on additional consumption. Complementary analysis of trade indices and output multipliers (including induced effects) allows to identify sectors and products that will most stimulate economic growth by increasing exports. The proposed methodology has been tested on data for the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of intensive margin of trade. The results of the analysis show that the methodology can be used as a basis for preparing export development programs for individual countries. The methodology could be improved by a deeper analysis of foreign trade barriers, domestic supply factors and extensive trade margins. However, up-to-date information on these improvement factors is not always publicly available.

Design and Analysis of Energy Efficient Approximate Multipliers for Image Processing and Deep Neural Network

Design and Analysis of Energy Efficient Approximate Multipliers for Image Processing and Deep Neural Network