Invariant Analysis Research Articles

Psychometric Analysis and Contribution to the Evaluation of the Exams-Related Emotions Scale in Primary and Secondary School Students.

The objective of this research was to perform a construct validity, and a psychometric analysis of the Exams-related Emotions Scale (EES), analyze the differences in their scores regarding gender and academic year in primary and secondary education student, as well as study the relationship between emotions and academic performance. During the construction and analysis of the psychometric characteristics of the scale, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. To test EES scores based on gender and school year, the T-Student test for independent samples and ANOVA were used, respectively. To verify the relationship between the scores of the different types of emotions and academic performance, the Pearson correlation test was performed. A total of 562 students belonging to the 5th (n = 228) and 6th (n = 186) primary school year and the 1st (n = 134) and 2nd (n = 94) secondary school year participated in the research. Age between 10 and 15 years old (mean = 11.66, standard deviation = 1.206) both males (50.5%) and females (49.5%). The results offered support for the three-factor structure. The analysis of invariance with respect to gender showed that the factor structure was invariant. Boys scored higher on the positive emotions factor and lower scores on anxiety than girls. Regarding school year, negative emotions and anxiety related to exams increase in the secondary courses compared to Primary while for positive emotions it is primary school students who obtain higher scores. The correlation coefficient between negative emotions (as well as anxiety) and school performance is negative whereas the correlation coefficient between positive emotions and academic performance is positive. EES scale is an instrument with scientific rigor and with adequate reliability and validity to be able to know the emotions that primary and secondary school students suffer when they are subjected to evaluation processes in the academic context.

Confirmatory Factor and Measurement Invariance Analyses of the Drive for Muscularity Scale in Sexual Minority Men and Women.

The Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) is a commonly used measure used to assess the pursuit of muscularity. However, the factor structure of this measure has yet to be confirmed in a sample of sexual minority women. Moreover, the invariance of this measure across gender has also yet to be explored. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the DMS in samples of both cisgender sexual minority men and women, and subsequently evaluate the measurement invariance by gender. The sample consisted of 962 cisgender sexual minority young adult men (N = 479) and women (N = 483). A series of CFAs were conducted, assessing both the one-factor and two-factor solutions of the DMS, with and without the inclusion of item 10 ("I think about taking anabolic steroids"). Across cisgender sexual minority young adult men and women, the 14-item two-factor solution demonstrated most appropriate fit, although the 15-item two-factor solution was also adequate among only women. Measurement invariance analyses indicated that the 14-item two-factor DMS can be used in samples of both cisgender sexual minority men and women. The present study was novel in exploring the factor structure of the DMS in sexual minority women and measurement invariance by gender; however, future research is needed to further corroborate these findings and assess measurement invariance by sexual orientation and race.

Dynamics of closed-form invariant solutions and diversity of wave profiles of (2+1)-dimensional Ito integro-differential equation via Lie symmetry analysis

Nonlinear evolution equations are exploited in the models of complex nonlinear phenomena, explaining a number of our real-world problems in different fields of engineering and nonlinear sciences, for example, the modeling of interactions between ocean forces and the atmosphere, fiber optics, fluid dynamics, plasma physics, marine physics, and nonlinear dynamics. In this work, a comparatively new Lie symmetry analysis technique has been effectively implemented to explore some closed-form invariant solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation. This technique is essential to minimize the number of independent variables by one at each stage until an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is formed. By utilizing the invariance analysis, the possible infinitesimal generators are derived, which are used to reduce the test problem and lead to determining the ODEs. All the exact solutions obtained are totally novel and differ significantly from previously published results. Due to the existence of some different arbitrary constants and functions, the solution provides a wealth of physical configurations. The solutions obtained in this article are thrust into the giant wave solutions such as curved shaped multi-solitons, parabolic waves, solitary waves, and traveling wave profiles displayed using three-dimensional (3D) wave patterns. Finally, we used symbolic computations in Mathematica to verify all the obtained soliton solutions. Furthermore, the current method’s superior expertise ensures that it is essentially capable of reducing the size of the computational assignment and can solve a variety of complex nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) that arise in many fields of nonlinear sciences, ocean engineering, nonlinear waves, and fluid dynamics.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of Short-Form Life Attitude Inventory for hospital staff

BackgroundThe life attitude of health care workers can deeply influence the quality of care. Examining the performance of the Short-Form Life Attitude Inventory (SF-LAI), this study analyzes the factorial structure, reliability, and invariance of the revised SF-LAI across genders and professions among the staff of a teaching medical center.MethodsThe SF-LAI was developed for university students in Taiwan. From January to February 2019, we administered a cross-sectional survey of life attitudes by distributing the SF-LAI to all staff members of a medical center in Taiwan. The construct validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Model fit was assessed in terms of the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker–Lewis index (TFI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA). Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. We also performed the CFA invariance analysis for the SF-LAI-R across genders and professions (physician, nurse and other hospital staff).ResultsOf 884 (24.62%) responses, 835 were valid. The participants had a mean age of 47.8 years, and 20.12% were male. In a comparison of multiple CFAs, a second-order model with six factors outperformed other models. The goodness of fit indices revealed the CFI was 0.955, TFI was 0.952, RMSEA was 0.071, and SRMR was 0.038. The Cronbach’s alphas, McDonald’s omega coefficients for internal consistency were all greater than 0.8. The first and second-order model had metric and scalar invariance across genders and professions.ConclusionsAs health care demands evolve, humanities are becoming more important in medical education. Life attitude of hospital care worker is a crucial indicator of whether one embodies the ideals of a humanistic education. The revised SF-LAI has acceptable structural validity, internal consistency, and invariance across genders and professions among staff members of a teaching medical center.

The Disease Influenced Vaccine Acceptance Scale-Six (DIVAS-6): Validation of a Measure to Assess Disease-Related COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes and Concerns

Patients with underlying comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the context-specific nature of vaccine hesitancy, there are currently no scales that incorporate disease or treatment-related hesitancy factors. We developed a six-item scale assessing disease-related COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and concerns (The Disease Influenced COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Scale-Six: DIVAS-6). A survey incorporating the DIVAS-6 was completed by 4683 participants with severe and/or chronic illness (3560 cancer; 842 diabetes; 281 multiple sclerosis (MS)). The survey included the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Complacency Scale, demographic, disease-related, and vaccination status questions. The six items loaded onto two factors (disease complacency and vaccine vulnerability) using exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling. The two factors were internally consistent. Measurement invariance analysis showed the two factors displayed psychometric equivalence across the patient groups. Each factor significantly correlated with the two Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine scales, showing convergent validity. The summary score showed acceptable ability to discriminate vaccination status across diseases, with the total sample providing good-to-excellent discriminative ability. The DIVAS-6 has two factors measuring COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and concerns relating to potential complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to underlying disease (disease complacency) and vaccine-related impact on disease progression and treatment (vaccine vulnerability). This is the first validated scale to measure disease-related COVID-19 vaccine concerns and has been validated in people with cancer, diabetes, and MS. It is quick to administer and should assist with guiding information delivery about COVID-19 vaccination in medically vulnerable populations.

Analysis of Eccentricity-Based Topological Invariants with Zero-Divisor Graphs

Let R = Z ♭ 1 ♭ 2 ♭ 3 × Z q 2 be a commutative ring, where ♭ 1 , ♭ 2 , ♭ 3 are distinct primes, and q is any prime integer. A zero divisor graph J R of ring R is a graph with vertex set consist of zero divisors elements of R and any two vertices a , b are adjacent if and only if a b = 0 . A topological index is a numerical number associated with the graph and may be helpful to correlate the graph with certain of its physical/chemical properties. In this paper, we have computed some eccentricity based topological indices of J R , namely, atom-bond connectivity index ( AB C 5 ), eccentricity-based harmonic index of fourth type ( H 4 J ), geometric-arithmetic eccentricity index ( G A 4 J ), eccentricity-based third Zagreb index, and eccentricity-based first Zagreb index.

Empathy and burnout in medical staff: mediating role of job satisfaction and job commitment

BackgroundBurnout is a growing problem among medical staff worldwide and empathy has been described as an essential competence to attenuate burnout. Previous studies found job satisfaction and job commitment were affected by the empathy and associated with burnout. This study explores the effect and mechanism of empathy on burnout on medical staff and investigates the mediating role of job satisfaction and job commitment in the relationship between empathy and burnout among medical staff.MethodsBased on a self-administered questionnaire which included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to measure burnout, 335 responses from medical staff in Tianjin City, China, yielded data on socio-demographic characteristics, empathy, burnout, job satisfaction and job commitment. Bivariate correlation and structured equation modeling (SEM) analyzed the relationships between empathy, job satisfaction, job commitment and burnout multi-group invariant analysis was used to evaluate whether the model was consistent across different type and level of hospitals and different job and employment type subgroups.ResultsA total of 202 (60.3%) medical staff had low level burnout, 115 (34.3%) staff had the moderate level and 18 (5.4%) staff had the high level burnout. The results of the SEM showed that empathy not only had a direct negative effect on burnout (beta =-0.401, P<0.001), but also had an indirect impact through job satisfaction (beta =-0.373, P<0.001) and job commitment (beta =0.489, P<0.001). Job commitment was negatively associated burnout (beta =-0.513, P<0.001), but, unexpectedly, job satisfaction was positively associated with burnout (beta =0.177, P<0.001). The results also indicated the model was consistent across employment type (Delta {chi }^{2} = 5.904, p > 0.05) and hospital type (Delta {chi }^{2} = 7.748, p > 0.05), but was inconsistent across hospital level (Delta {chi }^{2} = 42.930, p < 0.05) and job type (Delta {chi }^{2} = 52.912, p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results pointed out the important role that empathy plays in addressing burnout and revealed that managing job satisfaction and increasing the job commitment attenuated burnout. We recommend that the government should accelerate the reform of the resourcing of different hospital levels; facilitate hospital managers to implement additional training; and support hospitals to strengthen psychological testing and counseling to reduce medical staff burnout.

Validation of the Pennsylvania Kindergarten Entry Inventory: Examining Neglected Validities in Large-scale, Teacher-Report Assessment

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Kindergarten is the gateway to education and a point of great variability in children’s knowledge and skills. As a result, there is keen interest in kindergarten entry assessments (KEAs) to understand and address gaps in early skills. This study rigorously investigated the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s Kindergarten Entry Inventory (PA KEI). Multilevel factor analyses provided evidence for three factors–Emerging Academic Competencies, Learning Engagement Competencies, and Communication Competencies. Measurement invariance analyses indicated that these factors were invariant across gender, race/ethnicity, dual language learners, and special needs status. Support for concurrent convergent and divergent relations was found only for scores on the Emerging Academic and Learning Engagement Competencies factors. Analyses of classroom-level variance in PA KEI scores indicated that teacher education and experience predicted between-classroom differences suggesting that teacher characteristics may influence ratings of children’s skills. Practice or Policy: This study provides evidence to support the use of scores on two factors of the PA KEI with all children to identify skill gaps and guide instruction to close them. Findings from this study can also be used to inform professional development on the PA KEI. Finally, this study provides a model for other investigations and efforts to improve teacher-report KEAs.

Développement et validation de l’Inventaire francophone de l’Épuisement Professionnel (IFEP)

IntroductionThe prevention of burnout is a major issue for companies. However, they do not always have access to tools adapted to the implementation of prevention policies. ObjectiveThis study is part of a project to create a questionnaire adapted to employees’ needs in the field of burnout measurement. MethodThe survey was distributed online to French-speakers workers (N=680). ResultsThe results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated two dimensions (exhaustion and interpersonal stress) with high internal consistency. This factorial structure was confirmed for men and women as well as for French and Belgian workers by means of measurement invariance analyses. Criterion validity was verified regarding the relationships between the scores on the IFEP dimensions and those obtained with the MBI-GS, the measure of the intent to quit, the subjective health scale and the number of days of sick. ConclusionThe overall results of the analyses performed in this study show satisfactory psychometric qualities of the French Burnout Inventory (IFEP), a new measure of burnout that can be used in many French-speakers work contexts.

Psychometric Properties of a Short Alexithymia Scale (SAS-3) in the German General Population

The literature on alexithymia has multiplied in recent decades as the construct has important implications for mental health. The so far used inventories are of limited use in epidemiological research, primary care, and other clinical settings where time and effort are important factors in assessment. Based on items of the authorized German version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the aim of this study was to develop an ultra-short questionnaire for a condensed and unidimensional assessment of alexithymia. Criteria for the abbreviated scale were: (a) one-dimensionality (necessary to calculate a global score), (b) one item from each of the originally postulated dimensions, and (c) no reverse-coded items (to avoid method artifacts). Data were drawn from two nationwide representative population surveys in Germany: a survey conducted in 1996 to develop the SAS-3 (N=2.047); and a survey conducted in 2013 (N=2.508) for the evaluation and calculation of SAS-3 percentiles. Reasonable correlations between the SAS-3 and the PHQ-2, the GAD-2, and the GBB-8 were observed. Based on a confirmatory factor analysis, the one-dimensionality of the SAS-3 could be confirmed, achieving very good fit indices. An additional invariance analysis regarding gender and different age groups resulted in (partial) strict invariance for the different multi-group analyses. Percentile ranks for SAS-3 sum score are reported stratified by gender and by age groups. The SAS-3 appears to be suitable in epidemiological research and other instances requiring an economical assessment of alexithymia.

Invariance analysis and some new exact analytic solutions of the time-fractional coupled Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equations

In this work, the fractional Lie symmetry method is used to find the exact solutions of the time-fractional coupled Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equations with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. Time-fractional coupled Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equations are obtained by replacing the first-order time derivative to the fractional derivatives (FD) of order $\alpha$ in the classical Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson (DSW) model. Using the fractional Lie symmetry method, the Lie symmetry generators are obtained. With the help of symmetry generators, FCDSW equations are reduced into fractional ordinary differential equations (FODEs) with Erd$\acute{e}$lyi-Kober fractional differential operator. Also, we have obtained the exact solution of FCDSW equations and shown the effects of non-integer order derivative value on the solutions graphically. The effect of fractional order $\alpha$ on the behavior of solutions is studied graphically. Finally, new conservation laws are constructed along with the formal Lagrangian and fractional generalization of Noether operators. It is quite interesting the exact analytic solutions are obtained in explicit form.

Validation of the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the Arabic adaptation of the sense of coherence SOC-13 scale: a confirmatory factor analysis

BackgroundThe sense of coherence is as focused on one’s awareness of the level of pervasive, enduring, and dynamic feelings. Stronger sense of coherence leads to better physical and mental health and promotes recovery from life stressors. Sense of coherence-13 (SOC-13) is a 13-item valid and reliable measure for individual’s healthy living. However, the factor structure of SOC-13 was criticized in several cultures and languages. The current study was set to explore the factor structure of an Arabic adaptation for SOC-13.MethodsThis cross-sectional study of the SOC-13 included (n = 1235) Arabic speaking individuals. We used confirmatory factor analysis to contrast unidimensional, bidimensional, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional factor structure for the SOC-13. We carried out measurement invariance analysis across age and gender groups to examine the stability of fit indices among participants’ subgroups.ResultsWe found the reliability coefficient to be 0.82, indicative of good internal consistency. The three-factor structure, after modification of items 1, 2, and 3 was the best-fitting factor model. However, measurement invariance was indicative of discrepancy for the three-factor model between genders and age classes. The mean overall SOC-13 total score in our sample was 52.1 (SD = 16.1).ConclusionsThe SOC-13 showed acceptable psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency and a modified three-factor structure in its Arabic version. However, the reliability of the three underlying dimensions was sub-optimum. Moreover, the three-factor structure requires modification by either removing the first three problematic items or allowing the residuals to correlate.

Effects of Passion, Experience, and Cultural Politics on Classical Musicians' Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The widespread cancelation of cultural events during the early 2020 stages of the COVID-19 pandemic led professional performing musicians across the world to experience an increasing economic fragility that threatened their health and wellbeing. Within this “new normal,” developing countries have been at a higher risk due to their vulnerable health systems and cultural policies. Even in such difficult times, the music profession requires musicians to keep up their practicing routines, even if they have no professional commitments. This is because high level technical and expressive skills are crucial to sustaining a music career at a high performance level. However, it could be expected that not all musicians might have had the same engagement with music practice during lockdowns. In this study, we studied the experiences of 309 professional classical musicians based in European and Latin American countries with different levels of performing experience to examine their passionate (or lack thereof) engagement with music practice. Through the mixed methods combination of multigroup invariance and narrative analyses, we identified distinct profiles of musicians who displayed more harmonious or more obsessive passion orientations before and at the peak of the pandemic. We observed that musicians with higher levels of harmonious passion in particular were more capable of sustaining their practice at the peak of the pandemic and that these musicians were mostly located in Latin America—a paradox, considering that cultural politics supporting the careers of professional performing musicians and entrepreneurial education in Latin America are lacking to a great extent, especially in comparison with the European context. We explain this in terms of the “forced” self-management embraced by musicians in Latin American countries who want to engage with music practice both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic even if the music profession does not generate enough revenue for them.

Validation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) for Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Well-Being in Spanish Adolescents.

The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It is one of the self-report measures of international use in clinical practice and research, although so far it has no validation in Spanish-Speaking adolescents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity evidence (structure, convergent and criterion), and the temporal and gender invariance of the MHC-SF in Spanish adolescent population. Two assessment moments with a 6-month time interval were used, with an initial sample of 5,479 adolescents and a later sample of 2,129. The CFA showed optimal fit for the bi-factor model, and an adequate fit for correlated three-factor model. The results of the gender and temporal invariance analysis showed optimal fit. Reliability coefficients were all higher than .77. The MHC-SF presented significant positive associations (p < .001) with indicators of well-being (r > .60) and negative associations with indicators of psychological distress (r > -.21). The MHC-SF shows evidence of reliability and validity in Spanish adolescents, being the bi-factor model invariant through time and across gender groups.

Psychometric Examination of the Freshman Stress Questionnaire Using a Sample of Social Work Students in Spain during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract The teaching–learning model implemented in Spanish universities as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic has generated a scenario of academic uncertainty amongst Spanish students. In the case of the Social Work degree, this apprehension appears to be linked to the heavy emotional load related to the theoretical–practical curricular contents of the degree. In this sense, the Freshman Stress Questionnaire (FSQ) has presented adequate levels of reliability and validity for its use on a population of Spanish university students; however, there is as yet no psychometric studies for its use on social work students. This study sought to analyse the psychometric properties of the FSQ using a sample of social work students. The sample comprised 732 students at three Spanish universities doing a social work degree (88.3 per cent women, 11.7 per cent men) with an average age of 21.51 years (standard deviation (SD) = 3.58). The results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the FSQ maintained the structure of four correlated factors and suitable reliability values for each dimension. The results of the factor invariance analysis indicate that the FSQ remains stable up to the level of metric invariance for the variable age. Results are discussed with available theory.

Psychometric Investigation of the Workplace Social Courage Scale (WSCS): New Evidence for Measurement Invariance and IRT Analysis.

This study, after presenting a review of the existent literature on courage and social courage in the workplace, has the purpose of providing new evidence about the psychometric properties of an Italian-language version of the Workplace Social Courage Scale (WSCS), verifying its measurement invariance across gender and the discrimination properties of its items through IRT analysis. The aim of the research is testing the Italian version of the WSCS; for this scope, four studies have been conducted on four different samples analyzing the factorial structure, the internal consistency, the measurement invariance across gender, and the convergent and concurrent validity. The results support the psychometric properties in terms of factor structure, reliability, validity, and utility, showing positive relationships with the criterion variables: satisfaction of work-related basic needs, prosocial rule breaking and work performance. The current study extends prior findings by providing further insights about the construct of courage and social courage in the workplace, especially in the Italian context. As, to date, little is known about the impact of social courage on work and organizational outcomes, the availability of a reliable, valid, and cross-culturally supported instrument can promote the role of this construct in positive organizational behavior research.

Measurement invariance of non-cognitive measures in TIMSS across countries and across time. An application and comparison of Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Bayesian approximate measurement invariance and alignment optimization approach

Measurement invariance is a key topic in international large-scale assessments (ILSA). The study investigates measurement invariance across countries and over time of noncognitive measures in TIMSS, as well as comparing different approaches of measurement invariance analyses. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) is the standard procedure to test exact measurement invariance. Due to criticism of this approach in the context of ILSAs, the novel approaches alignment optimization and Bayesian approximate measurement invariance method were applied. Principal, teacher, and student data of the TIMSS cycles 2007, 2011 and 2015 of 26 countries was used. MGCFA and Bayesian approximate measurement invariance analyses indicates configural invariance in all analyses across countries and a variety of invariance levels (mostly metric) over time. The results of the alignment optimization method show for most scales that latent means are comparable across countries - under the assumption of approximate measurement invariance

Large‐eddy simulation of very stable boundary layers. Part II: Length scales and anisotropy in stratified atmospheric turbulence

AbstractIn very stable boundary layers (SBLs), turbulence is expected to be weak, anisotropic, and non‐stationary. Moreover, viscous effects likely become relevant under very weak‐wind conditions. This study investigates the stratification regimes based on the relative strength of the forces that control the flow (i.e., buoyancy‐ or viscosity‐dominated flow) and the degree of turbulence anisotropy in large‐eddy simulations of the very SBL with weak winds. The simulations explored here correspond to an Ekman‐layer‐type boundary layer with geostrophic winds equal to and 2 ms, and surface cooling rates of 1 and 3 Khr, at high latitude. According to the buoyancy Reynolds number and the horizontal Froude number , these SBLs are in strongly stable conditions (i.e., and ). Moreover, the vertical profiles of indicate that the turbulent flows are in an energetic state near the surface but gradually transition to a viscosity‐affected stratified state in the upper part of the SBL as viscous effects become important. For the most stable simulation, the results show that even the small scales are somewhat affected by buoyancy. The invariant analysis of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor shows that the flow is in an anisotropic state and is governed by the streamwise component of the turbulent flux (one‐component turbulence). Additionally, based on the two‐point spatial correlation function, the shape of the large coherent turbulent structures is nearly isotropic in the vertical direction and anisotropic in the horizontal direction, and their size increases with height. The evaluation of the turbulent kinetic energy budget shows that the most stable simulation is in a non‐stationary state, which impacts the turbulence mixing efficiency measured by the flux Richardson number.

Psychometric and Gender Invariance Analysis of the Flourishing Scale in the Malaysian Context

The Flourishing Scale is a new scale designed to measure psychological well–being. FS has been translated into more than 10 languages (e.g., Portuguese, Russian, Turki, Spanish, Egyptian, French, Chinses, Japanese, Malay, Urdu, and Persian). The psychometric analysis of the Flourishing Scale has not been explored in the Malaysian context. The aims of the current study were to examine the factor structure, reliability, concurrent validity (correlate with Satisfaction with Life Scale [SWLS] and Life Project Reflexivity Scale [LPRS]) of the Flourishing Scale (FS). The EFA was conducted to explore the factor structure of FS in the Malaysian context. Then, CFA was run to test the model fit of the FS in the Malaysian context. Test of measurement invariance was also conducted to ascertain the generalizability of the factor structure of FS across gender groups. A cross-sectional survey with 663 university students (435 female students and 228 male students) from a public university in Sabah, Malaysia was conducted. The EFA results revealed a single factor solution with a total explained variance of 68.31%. The CFA result also revealed a one-factor structure with all eight items loaded in one factor. The multi-group analysis of this model demonstrated invariance by gender. FS also demonstrated high reliability and good concurrent validity. The FS was positively and significantly correlated with Satisfaction with Life Scale scores, Life Project Reflexivity Scale score and its subscale. The results supported FS appears to be a valid measure of a flourishing state, and its utilities in the Malaysian context is proven, including gender comparisons.

Invariance analysis and some new exact analytic solutions of the time-fractional coupled Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equations

Invariance analysis and some new exact analytic solutions of the time-fractional coupled Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equations