Analysis Of IEEE Research Articles

Analysis of IEEE 802.11p-Based Intra-Platoon Message Broadcast Delay in a Platoon of Vehicles

For platooning applications, vehicles in a platoon require timely and reliable delivery of road-safety information in order to maintain the stable operation of the platoon. Intra-platoon message broadcast delay (InPB-delay) is a critical metric that is used to measure the message delivery performance in a platoon of vehicles, where a V2V multi-hop broadcast mode is used for message delivery. In this paper, we study the modeling and analyses of the InPB-delay for a platoon of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), which employs an IEEE 802.11p EDCA mechanism for channel access. A 2-D Markov chain model is first built to describe a backoff procedure of a platoon broadcasting node, which takes into account the four access categories of different priorities in the EDCA mechanism. Based on the Markov model, a theoretical performance model is further derived to investigate the impacts of major system parameters on the InPB-delay, taking into account the effects of both platoon vehicles and non-platoon vehicles. The derived performance model is validated through simulation results and the impacts of major system parameters are investigated through numerical results. The InPB-delay model can be used to provide reference values for system parameter settings in order to ensure the stable operation of a platoon.

Design and analysis of IEEE 802.11 based Full Duplex WLAN MAC protocol

Full-Duplex (FD) communication is a promising technique that can be used in 5G to potentially double the system throughput compared to conventional Half Duplex (HD) transmission. Recent experiments have demonstrated near-perfect self-interference suppression techniques in the PHY layer to aid the possibility of FD communication. This paper presents a Synchronized Mode Full-Duplex (SM-FD) wireless LAN MAC protocol with appropriate modification of the IEEE 802.11 standard. The proposed SM-FD MAC protocol maintains synchronization between nodes and Access Point (AP) to increase efficiency. SM-FD MAC protocol supports WLAN having both FD and HD capable nodes by establishing both symmetrical links (Node1 ↔ AP) and asymmetrical links (Node1 → AP → Node2). To this end, we have utilized the packet-alignment-based capture effect in an efficient way. The proposed SM-FD MAC protocol has been analyzed using a Markov chain model. The analytical results for RTS and data collision probability, saturated throughput, delay, and energy spent per packet transmission have been derived and validated against simulation.

Quality of Service in Mobile Adhoc Networks with Non-Saturation Conditions

Numerous research has been conducted in order to investigate the performance of IEEE 802.11LEACH for a single-cell Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) under saturation conditions. Saturation conditions are those in which it is anticipated that the queues of nodes will never be empty. To put it another way, there is always a packet waiting to be sent out from each and every node in the network. The term infinite load refers to the condition of saturation, which is a situation that may be regarded as having an endless load. Even though conducting an analysis under saturated conditions may provide some insight into how well the network operates in a high-pressure setting, this strategy does not appear to be practical because there is a possibility that the network will not always be at capacity. Even though conducting such an analysis under saturation circumstances may provide some insight into how well the network operates in a high-pressure setting, it is still not practical. When using CQSR, the source is aware of the correlation that exists between the many different paths that go to the destination. When it comes to the provision of quality service in an ad hoc network, having several pathways among a specific cause and an endpoint may be of assistance in the following scenarios. Having multiple pathways between a source and a destination may also be of assistance when it comes to the provision of quality service. It is feasible that a single channel will not be able to deliver adequate resources to meet the desired quality of service if the resources of mobile nodes are limited. This scenario might occur if mobile nodes are subject to resource limitations. The requirements of the application in terms of the quality of service might, however, be satisfied by the resources located along any one of the many possible paths that could exist between the specified pair of nodes. It seems likely that this will turn out to be the situation. The task force may be dispersed over a number of different routes if there are adequate resources available along each route. To put it another way, data packets are sent along each path that satisfies the criteria for acceptable quality-of-service levels. If you use many routes instead of just one, you may be able to obtain a throughput that is far higher than you would with a single route. In the previous proposed work, we did an analysis of IEEE 802.11 LEACH for an ad hoc network under saturation conditions. Saturation circumstances refer to scenarios in which it is believed that the queues of nodes are never empty. On the other hand, it is likely that the nodes that make up an ad hoc network will not always be totally filled.

Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4-Based Delay and Slot Duration Adjustment Combination Methods on Wireless Sensor Networks

IEEE 802.15.4 is one of the standards of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) which is at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. IEEE 802.15.4 is also technology and protocol within a computer network that can connect all device quickly, has a large capacity and low power consumption. The challenge of Wireless Sensor Network is how to improve the Wireless Sensor Network network performance matrix (goodput, bandwidth utilization, and energy consumption) both in the Contention Access Period (CAP) and in the Contention Free Period (CFP) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. This research is an analysis combination of adjustment delay and slot duration methods to increase goodput, bandwidth utilization and reduce energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks in the allocation guaranteed time slots on fixed data simulated using Castalia Simulator software. The problem of this research is whether the combination method can improve the performance matrix of Wireless Sensor Networks on fixed data compared to other methods (SUDAS, ADES, IEEE 802.15.4 Standard). This reserch it aims to determine the performance matrix of combination methods is when compared to other methods (Superframe Duration Adjustment Scheme (SUDAS), Adjustment Delay Scheme (ADES), IEEE 802.15.4 standard) using quantitative approach research methods. Based on the data obtained, the goodput of the combined method increased by 10%, 416%, and 513% respectively compared to the SUDAS method, ADES method, and IEEE 802.15.4 standards. Bandwidth utilization of the combination methods increased by 0.025, 0.223 and 0.232, respectively compared to the SUDAS method, the ADES method, and the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. And the consumption of the combination methods are respectively reduced by 1.02%, 8.72% and 9.08% compared to the SUDAS, ADES and IEEE 802.15.4 standards. With the combination method of delay adjustment and slot duration it is able to optimize the performance of the Wireless Sensor Network compared to other methods.

A Study Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee based WSN in Campus

A Study Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee based WSN in Campus

Optimized Power Flow Analysis of IEEE 14 Bus System Using Matlab

Optimized Power Flow Analysis of IEEE 14 Bus System Using Matlab

The analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF protocol based on LEO satellite Wi-Fi network

Aiming at the problems of traditional IEEE 802.11 DCF protocol applied to LEO satellite Wi-Fi network, the influence of propagation delay, hidden terminal and user collision on the throughput of MAC layer is fully analysed, and a specific scheme is proposed to adjust the ACK Timeout and the minimum contention window value. The improved two-dimensional Markov model has been used to analyse the DCF protocol throughput theoretically. By using MATLAB simulation, it is verified that the throughput performance is directly related to the transmission probability, and throughput performance is negative correlated with the number of nodes and transmission distance.

Throughput and Delay Analysis of IEEE 802.11 String-Topology Multi-Hop Network in TCP Traffic with Delayed ACK

Throughput and Delay Analysis of IEEE 802.11 String-Topology Multi-Hop Network in TCP Traffic with Delayed ACK

Implementation and Analysis of IEEE and ETSI Security Standards for Vehicular Communications

Over the last years, there has been a considerable development in the field of wireless vehicular communications so as to satisfy the requirements of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS). Standards such as IEEE 802.11p and ETSI ITS-G5 enable the so-called Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). Vehicles can exploit VANETs to exchange information, such as alerts and awareness information, so as to improve drivers’ comfort and traffic efficiency. However, due to the expected popularity of ITS, VANETs could be prone to attacks by malicious sources. To prevent this, security standards, such as IEEE 1609.2 and ETSI ITS’ standards, were developed. In this work, the design and implementation of an API capable of conducting the required cryptographic algorithms and protocols for the transmission of secure messages according to the IEEE 1609.2 and ETSI ITS’ security standards are presented. The implemented security protocols are then integrated into a system emulating a public key infrastructure to evaluate the performance impact on safety-related communications, in particular, the delay associated with the communication’ coding/decoding process.

The analysis of IEEE 802.11 PCF protocol based on LEO satellite Wi-Fi

In view of the problem of long propagation delay, hidden terminals and serious user conflicts in LEO satellite Wi-Fi scenario, this paper analysis the incompatibility of 802.11 DCF protocol briefly. A scheme of PCF polling mechanism based on priority is proposed and the frame format is adaptively modified. Through MATLAB simulation, the system throughput of the original scheme and the improvement scheme over the different transmission distance and nodes are analysed. The simulation results show that the improved PCF protocol can improve the throughput under the multi-user over long distances.

Modeling and Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Multi-hop Networks for IoT Applications

Multi-hop wireless networks play a crucial role in extending the coverage of monitoring and automation applications in the Internet of Things arena. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for analyzing the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 based multi-hop networks. We accurately model the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC for three different kinds of nodes (leaf, relay and pre-gateway nodes) using 3D Markov chains. Performance of the proposed model is analyzed using reliability, channel congestion and duty cycle as the key performance metrics. The proposed model analyzes the network behavior accurately by achieving less than 5% error when compared with simulation outcomes.

Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11ac Very High Throughput at MAC and PHY Layers with Frame Aggregation

In this paper, we present the Very High Throughput (VHT) introduced for the first time by the standard IEEE 802.11ac. We show that we can find an optimized set of parameters which leads to the best performance. We analyze the performance of the standard, while taking into account several features of the PHY and the MAC layers in a MIMO channel, and we compute the throughput using an analytical model verified by simulation of the performance of different aggregation schemes, different modulation and coding schemes and various channel widths. We prove that a carefully chosen set of parameters can increase the throughput remarkably with the hybrid aggregation scheme A-MPDU of A-MSDU providing the best results for the chosen scenario.

Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11n network under unsaturated conditions

Frame aggregation is the most important medium access control (MAC) enhancement of IEEE 802.11n. In frame aggregation, multiple frames are encapsulated into a single frame. In the analysis of 802.11n performance, the existing researches assumed that each station always had a packet for transmission. But actually, sometimes stations may have no packet to transmit. In this paper, we develop an analytical model for IEEE 802.11n in unsaturated conditions. Therefore, the transmission of the station is assumed to be a bulk service queue system. Bulk size is aggregation size. According to the 802.11n standard, when the number of packets in the buffer is smaller than the aggregation size, we can also transmit all the packets in the buffer using A-MPDU. Therefore, bulk size is variable. The throughput and mean access delay are achieved. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively increase the throughput and lower the access delay.

WBAN MAC Protocols— Non-Saturation Modeling and Performance Analysis

The current literature on discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) based analysis of IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocols for wireless body area networks (WBANs), do not consider the ACK timeout state, wherein the colliding nodes check the ill fate of their transmissions, while other contending nodes perform backoff check that slot as usual. In this paper, our DTMC model accurately captures the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism of IEEE 802.15.6 medium access control (MAC) and allows the contending nodes performing backoff to utilize the ACK timeout slot during collisions. The compared rigorous results are obtained by considering a non-ideal channel in non-saturation conditions, and CSMA/CA parameters pertaining to UWB PHY of IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocols.

Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 RF Zigbee Transceiver in an Indoor and Outdoor Environment

Objective: This paper focuses on the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of IEEE 802.15.4 RF Zigbee transceiver compliant WSN in an interference environment. This includes 1. Studying of effect of various building materials and partitions in an indoor environment and 2. Effect of interference that coexist in an outdoor environment. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In an indoor environment, building materials such as hard board, concrete wall and the partitions of two floors are considered for the analysis. Path loss due to those materials in an indoor environment is calculated by log-distance model. Improved Gaussian Approximation (IGA) technique is used to derive the closed form expression for BER considering less number of interferers in a Rayleigh fading outdoor environment. BER are analysed by varying the IEEE 802.15.4 standard specific physical layer parameters, such as number of bits in a Zigbee symbol, number of modulation levels used in an OQPSK modulator and spreading length of PN sequence. Findings: The analysis in an indoor environment points out that, path-loss provided by hard board and concrete wall to the signal is equal. In case of floors, path-loss value get increased as number of floors increases between transmitter and receiver. In outdoor environment, it is analysed that BER performance of Zigbee transceiver shows better performance when lower number of bits in a Zigbee symbol and lower level of modulation scheme in OQPSK modulator. Application/Improvements: The performance can be improved by using chaotic sequence for spreading in place of PN sequence and can be implemented for IoT based applications.

Performance Analysis of a Network of Event-Based Systems

We consider a scenario where multiple event-based systems use a contention resolution mechanism (CRM) to communicate with their respective controllers over a wireless network. We present a Markov model that captures the joint interactions of the event-triggering policy and the CRM. This model is obtained by decoupling interactions between the different systems in the network, drawing inspiration from Bianchi's analysis of IEEE 802.11. We present Monte-Carlo simulations that validate our model under various network configurations, and verify the accuracy of the performance analysis.

Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11p in the Presence of Hidden Terminals

This paper concentrates on the IEEE 802.11p MAC sublayer to analyze its performance in the presence of hidden terminals. An analytical model for the throughput of the IEEE 802.11p in the presence of hidden terminal is presented in this paper. A 3-D Markov chain is created to model the backoff procedure for each access category. The different contention windows and arbitration interframe space are considered for each access category. The model also takes into consideration control packets and data packets separately. The probabilities of frame blocking, successful transmission, collisions and hidden terminals have been derived and used to calculate the throughput. The simulation results are presented to validate the analytical results of the proposed model. The results of the proposed model are compared with the existing model IEEE 802.11 EDCA (Kosek-Szott et al. in Comput Netw 55(3):622---635, 2011). The results of the proposed model outperform the existing model.

A Comprehensive Taxonomy and Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Attacks

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard has been established as the dominant enabling technology for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With the proliferation of security-sensitive applications involving WSNs, WSN security has become a topic of great significance. In comparison with traditional wired and wireless networks, WSNs possess additional vulnerabilities which present opportunities for attackers to launch novel and more complicated attacks against such networks. For this reason, a thorough investigation of attacks against WSNs is required. This paper provides a single unified survey that dissects all IEEE 802.15.4 PHY and MAC layer attacks known to date. While the majority of existing references investigate the motive and behavior of each attack separately, this survey classifies the attacks according to clear metrics within the paper and addresses the interrelationships and differences between the attacks following their classification. The authors’ opinions and comments regarding the placement of the attacks within the defined classifications are also provided. A comparative analysis between the classified attacks is then performed with respect to a set of defined evaluation criteria. The first half of this paper addresses attacks on the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer, whereas the second half of the paper addresses IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer attacks.

A queue state driven analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF for ad hoc networks under non-saturation conditions

In this paper, we present a queue state driven analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF for an ad hoc network under non-saturation conditions. In our analysis, we focus on the average end-to-end delay, throughput, and the loss probability for a network consisting of single hop as well as multiple hops along a path from a given source to a destination. We study the effect of collision probability, probability of packet transmissions, the transmission range/carrier sense range, and the number of buffers in the queue. To validate the analysis, we carried out simulations and observed that the simulation results are in accordance with the analytical results.

Saturation throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11ac TXOP sharing mode

A mathematical model to analyse the saturation throughput of IEEE 802.11ac medium access control (MAC) is proposed. The main contributions of the proposed model are the integration of the transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing mode and the consideration of variable-length MAC protocol data units, instead of a fixed-length assumption. By using the model, accurate results (within 2% relative error) for the IEEE 802.11ac TXOP sharing mode are achieved.