Chaos and fractals are closely interconnected ideas in the field of mathematics. The behavior of complex systems is characterized by chaos, which is the result of excessive sensitivity to initial conditions, leading to unpredictable and random consequences. Fractals are geometric patterns that display self-similarity at many scales. This paper examines the complex connection between chaos and fractals using a method of theoretical analysis and a comprehensive examination of relevant literature. Studying the connection between chaos science and fractals can provide valuable insights into chaotic events in nonlinear dynamical systems. Furthermore, this investigation enables readers to understand the underlying fractal nature of such systems. Gaining insight into this correlation not only enhances comprehension of the fundamental principles that control intricate systems, but also provides opportunities for utilization in other domains, spanning from physics to biology and beyond.