Analysis Of Financial Information Research Articles

Influence of Financial Management Capabilities on Semi-Formal Financial Accessibility among Incubated Small and Medium Entrepreneurs in Tanzania

Financial management capabilities are expected to positively influence financial accessibility among entrepreneurs. This article examines the influence of financial management capabilities among incubated entrepreneurs on their access to semi-formal finance. Financial management capabilities were measured by financial decision-making, analysis of financial information, and financial planning capabilities. Relevant information was collected from 117 Tanzanian incubated entrepreneurs. Data was analysed using the SPSS Version 20, and multiple regression analysis to test the impact of financial decision-making, financial information analysis, and financial planning capabilities on the access to semi-formal finance. Findings suggest that analysis of financial information capabilities positively influence accessibility of semi-formal finance. However, financial decision-making and planning capabilities do not influence accessibility of semi-formal finance. The findingssuggest that policy makers and other stakeholders should focus on building and improving capabilities to analyse financial information among incubated small and medium entrepreneurs to increase their accessibility to semi-formal finance.

PRESENTING FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN DIGITAL FORMATS AS A BASE FOR ANALYSIS AND AUDIT OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES

he digitalization era of public relations is increasingly affecting the means of presenting information about the economic activities of an enterprise, in particular financial, in the context of a global pandemic, which was caused by the global COVID-19. Increasingly, in our environment, there is a transition from paper to electronic information carriers. The financial information generated by business entities both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole is no exception.The purpose of the study is to systematize the existing digital formats for presenting financial information as a basis for analyzing and auditing the business activities of enterprises in Ukraine.The basis of the study is the methodological recommendations on the use of Taxonomy UA XBRL IFRS, instructions for the revision of the Ukrainian IFRS taxonomy, specialized software products, legislative framework of Ukraine. The following methods were used: graphical (to visualize the results of the study), and grouping (to systematize the advantages and disadvantages of software that uses tax services to conduct e-audits)./Digital formats for the presentation of financial information were analyzed. They are the basis for the analysis and audit of the enterprise's activities. The structure and characteristics of the legal framework for the disclosure of financial information in electronic XBRL format in Ukraine were given. Comparative analysis of financial information in digital format XBRL and SAF-T UA were carried out.It has been determined that XBRL can be used as a basis for analyzing financial information in electronic format using special software, for example, to assess the financial condition, calculate indicators of financial stability, liquidity, solvency, business activity, enterprise profitability, etc. It has been proved that the electronic format of financial information SAF-T UA is used when conducting an electronic audit (e-audit) of taxpayers, and can also be used to calculate the tax burden (tax return, tax efficiency ratio) used by the State Tax Service of Ukraine for the purpose of control completeness of calculation and payment of relevant taxes and fees to the state budget.

Bank Record Storage using Blockchain

Abstract: Financial service providers find blockchain technology useful to enhance authenticity, security, and risk management. Several institutions are adopting blockchain in trade and finance systems to build smart contracts between participants, improve efficiency and transparency, and open up newer revenue opportunities. Blockchain’s unique recording capabilities make the existing clearing and settlement process redundant. Banks and other financial entities are adopting blockchain-enabled IDs to identify people. Better results come from organisations’ capacity to foresee emerging trends in financial blockchain applications and develop blockchain functionality. The transfer of asset ownership and addressing the maintenance of a precise financial ledger. Measurement, communication, and analysis of financial information are three significant areas to be focussed on by accounting professionals. Blockchain clarifies asset ownership and the existence of obligations for accountants, and it has the potential to improve productivity. This paper identifies and studies relevant articles related to blockchain for finance. This paper focuses on Blockchain technology and its importance for financial services. Further takes up various tools, strategies, and featured services in Blockchain-based financial services. Finally, the paper identifies and evaluates the significant applications of Blockchain technology in financial services. Credit reports significantly impact the financial lives of customers. Recent data breaches demonstrate the superior security of blockchain-based credit reporting over conventional server-based reporting. Blockchainbased systems enable the faster, more cost-effective, and more customised issuance of digital securities. With its adoption, the market for investors can be expanded, costs for issuers can be reduced, and counterparty risk can be reduced due to the ability to customise digital financial instruments to the demands of investors. It uses mutualised standards, protocols, and shared procedures to give network users a single common source of truth. Participants in the business network can now more easily collaborate, manage data, and agree with this technology’s application.

An approach to financial information analysis by the Brazilian Federal Police

INTRODUCTION: One of the tasks performed by the Federal Police is the verification and cross-referencing of data contained in Financial Intelligence Reports (FIRs) produced and forwarded by the Financial Activities Control Council (COAF) - an activity in which, among the police involved, the absence of a standard system of execution.OBJECTIVES: The present work aims to present a study on the form currently in use within the scope of the Federal Police Station regarding the analysis of FIRs from the COAF, then presenting a methodology suggestion, aiming to speed up the process. Regarding open sources, the objective is to carry out a survey of possible complementary repositories not yet used and to expose ways of implementing queries.METHODS: Pointing out the workflow currently used (displaying it in graphic form) as well as identifying the data sources consulted (open sources and closed sources) during the process,CONCLUSION: understanding how the FIR analysis system is currently carried out, identifying possible aspects for improvement, and suggesting a methodology to be used, indicating for this the use of files in a specific format (.CSV), exclusion of queries in similar repositories (System “A”) and, mainly, the automation of part of the procedure (with the use of the RIBOT prototype software).

Application of Engineering Science Model Based on Fuzzy Sets in Enterprise Financial Evaluation Index

With the continuous development of society and the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, it is necessary to analyze the production and operation conditions of enterprises in a timely and effective manner. In the context of the development of information technology, many companies analyze financial data, and corporate financial analysis indicators are the analysis of various report data of the company’s operations, which can effectively reflect the company’s debt repayment, operation, profit, and development capabilities. Enterprises can judge the operation status of the enterprise and make strategic changes in time according to the indicators of enterprise financial analysis. However, due to the large amount of operational data of enterprises and different relationships among different types of data, the analysis of enterprise financial data is not accurate enough when using traditional enterprise financial analysis indicators for analysis. This paper established an engineering scientific model through fuzzy sets and improved the data analysis ability of enterprise financial analysis indicators in enterprises by means of fuzzy analysis. By comparing the enterprise financial analysis indicators of the engineering science model based on fuzzy sets and the traditional enterprise financial analysis indicators, the experimental results showed that the average financial information analysis accuracy of the enterprise financial analysis index based on the engineering science model based on fuzzy sets and the traditional enterprise financial analysis index are 84% and 74%, respectively. Therefore, applying the engineering science model based on fuzzy sets to the corporate financial analysis indicators can effectively improve the accuracy of financial information analysis.

New technologies in accounting: artificial intelligence for automation and error detection

Currently, software products are widely used in the accounting system, which determine new directions for accountants to improve their skills in working with IT technologies. The study of new technologies that are necessary for the analysis of financial information of companies is relevant. The purpose of the study is to study modern technologies used in accounting, which are based on artificial intelligence. The scientific article deepens the concept of artificial intelligence and its use in accounting; the main mechanisms of using new technologies in accounting are considered; prospects for the development of the accountant's specialty are determined. In this study, modern information and analytical problems in accounting for accounting transactions are studied. When writing a scientific article, various methods were used, in particular, systematization, comparison and comparison. The originality and value of the research lies in the identification of modern trends in accounting automation. The novelty of the research is determined by the prospects for the development of the activities of the accountant profession in the light of the increasing use of accounting automation and the study of the main opportunities and negative aspects of the use of accounting software products. The practical significance of the conducted research is characterized by the subsequent development of solutions in the field of implementation of improved and automated accounting systems. In conclusion, new opportunities of information technologies for accounting are noted, the positive aspects of the use of artificial intelligence are highlighted.

Assessment of financial and economic security in the system of financial monitoring of enterprise activities

The article examines the theoretical and applied foundations of the assessment of financial and economic security in the system of financial monitoring of the enterprise's activity. It is emphasized that the financial monitoring of the enterprise's activity characterizes the functional mechanism of constant monitoring of the enterprise's financial indicators, which includes obtaining, systematization, and analysis of financial information in order to establish cause-and-effect relationships, based on the comparison of analytical data of the enterprise's functioning with normative ones. Monitoring of the financial activity of the enterprise must be carried out at various stages of financial management in order to make key managerial financial decisions. It is noted that in the economic literature there are various methods of assessing the level of financial and economic security of economic entities, which are based mainly on the ratio analysis of financial statements. Analyzing these methods, it is advisable not to allow an excessive number of coefficients, since, duplicating each other, they do not bring much benefit to the formation of a holistic picture of the level of financial and economic security. Monitoring of the effectiveness of the financial and economic security of the enterprise is based on methods of assessing the probability of bankruptcy. Based on the obtained results of the use of models for assessing the probability of bankruptcy, it was established that the investigated enterprise is not in danger of bankruptcy. However, there is a gradual decrease in estimated indicators, and if the company does not take measures to maintain financial and economic security in proper condition, it may enter the risk zone. Attention is focused on the fact that in order to diagnose crisis situations, the enterprise needs constant monitoring of factors that cause internal and external threats to financial and economic security. Measures that can be aimed at neutralizing the threat of a financial crisis are proposed. In general, the assessment of financial and economic security as a component of the system of financial monitoring of the enterprise's activity must be considered as an important tool for its sustainable development and successful functioning.

Impact of Information Presentation Form and Visual Illusion In the Accuracy of Financial Information Analysis Accounting Students

Impact of Information Presentation Form and Visual Illusion In the Accuracy of Financial Information Analysis Accounting Students

PENGARUH DER DAN RISIKO SISTEMATIS TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN FARMASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

Abstrak Riset ini merupakan penelitian empiris terhadap factor yang mempengaruhi return saham. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan periode laporan keuangan tahun 2014-20017. Return saham dihitung dari persentase perubahan harga saham penutupan setiap akhir tahun. Faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi return saham pada penelitian ini adalah rasio hutang (debt to equity ratio) dan tingkat risiko yang diukur dengan beta saham berdasarkan teori capital assest pricing model (CAPM). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling dimana jumlah sampel yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 sampel. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Metode pengujian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis regresi berganda dengan program SPSS dan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa rasio hutang (DER) tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap return saham , sedangkan risiko sistematis (BETA) memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham.Kata kunci: return saham, debt to equity ratio, risiko sistematis Abstract This research is an empirical study of the factors that influence stock returns. The object of this research is companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with the financial reporting period of 2014-20017. Returns shares of high-price securities at the end of each year. The factors that influence returns are the debt to equity ratio and the level that uses the capital capital price model (CAPM). The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique where the number of samples obtained in this study were 8 samples. The data used in this research is secondary data. The method used in this study is the method of multiple regression analysis with the SPSS program and the classic assumption test. The results showed that the debt ratio (DER) had no effect on stock returns, while systematic risk (BETA) had a significant effect on stock returns. Keywords: stock returns, debt to equity ratio, systematic risk

Application of statistical methods in Internet financial information analysis

Abstract In today’s modern globalised world, we are faced with numerous data which form the basis for many crucial decisions. The ability to perform the analysis and interpret data correctly is, therefore, of essential importance in practically every field. The field of financial Information is one of such fields, especially the segment of information that is used by companies in corporate communication. This article is focused solely on the information that refers to the Internet financial reporting, which is important particularly for the external stakeholders. The research was made on the basis of the Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) Index for 27 Slovenian companies listed on the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. The article demonstrates the methodological approach to the creation of the IFR Index, which served as the new variable in the following steps of this research, for which various statistical analyses were performed (univariate, bivariate, and multivariate). Based on the descriptive statistics, the main characteristics of the IFR Index are identified, and, by using the t-test for two independent samples, it was found out that there is a difference among the companies listed in the two different listings. Moreover, through the use of the correlation analysis, the correlation between the IFRC and the IFR-P variables was verified, and, in the end, through the use of the multiple regression analysis, it was discovered that the size of the company is the factor which influences the level of the IFR Index. The purpose of this article is to show the awareness of the alternative research methods, and to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate method for addressing particular research questions in the Internet Financial Reporting.

The Value of Financial Analysis Information: Theoretical View

The value of financial information analysis depends on usability, efforts, duration, etc. These dimensions have not been systematically reviewed as well as assessment methods have not been established yet. The purpose of the article is an examination of value dimensions and arrangement of the model for identifying and determining analysis methods. Research methods of this article are literature analysis, classification, specification and generalization of information. In this article, we focus on financial analysis data and the relation between information and its value. We suggest the theoretical model which determines dimensions of the information value and costs related to its transfer. We propose a method of evaluating parameters of value and how these parameters may influence its exposure.

Competence-based learning using practice firms: Its assessment from the students’ perceptions

Practice firms provide several benefits in terms of engagement and motivation of students, but more empirical evidence is claimed for demonstrating their real impact on learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is twofold. On the one hand, to explore the competence-based learning developed by students enrolled in practice firms. On the other, to analyze the influence of these competences on the global assessment given by students to this methodology. The results demonstrate that a high number of generic skills showed a significant improvement after participating in practice firms, being this improvement larger for the acquisition of abilities to work in an international context, elementary computing skills, the processing and analysis of financial information and data, and budget control development. The results also pointed out that learning capacity and leadership were the generic competences with significant impact on the assessment made by students, while the contribution to reach the goals of a company and providing advice were the most significant specific managerial skills influencing the students’ assessment of practice firms.

ACS financial guidelines: A dashboard of the society’s health 

Since the 1970s, the American Chemical Society has used various financial guidelines to assess the society’s overall financial health and vitality. Analysis of financial information, including perf...

Key Issues and Countermeasures of Fund-Raising Business without Permission: Focusing on the ‘Dona Dona case’

유사수신행위는 한마디로 금융당국의 인․허가를 받지 않고 투자금 등을 유치하는 것을 업(業)으로 하는 범죄를 말하는데, ‘조희팔 사건’, ‘교수공제회 사건’, ‘인덱코 영농조합 사건’, ‘도나도나 사건’을 대표적인 사례로 들 수 있다. 이러한 유형의 범죄는 첫째, 사법당국에서 적발하거나 형벌을 부과하는데 까지 오랜 시간이 걸리고, 둘째, 피해규모가 상당하고 사회병리적 파급효과가 심각하며, 셋째, 범행사실을 확인하고 법적 조치를 취하더라도 피해구제가 쉽지 않다는 점 등을 공통점으로 가진다. 이러한 문제의식 하에서 본 연구는 ‘도나도나 사건’의 판결문 분석을 토대로 유사수신행위를 둘러싼 수사실무상 그리고 법리적 쟁점들을 도출하고 이에 관한 논평과 더불어 억제방안을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 기획되었다. 판결문들을 살펴본 결과, ①검찰의 축소기소, ②1심 및 2심 재판부의 무죄판결 불합리성, ③금융위원회, 금융감독원, 경찰 등 관련기관의 소극적 대응, ④현행법의 법리상 한계를 주요 쟁점으로 도출할 수 있었다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 유사수신행위 억제방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 법왜곡죄를 도입하여 검찰과 법원의 법왜곡 행위를 통제하여야 한다. 둘째, 금융정보분석원에 유사수신 혐의 금융정보를 스크린 할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하 고 경찰, 검찰, 금융감독원과의 실시간 협조체계를 강화할 필요가 있다. 셋째,「공익신고자 보호법」상 보상금 규정과 금융감독원의 “불법금융 파파라치” 제도 등을 적극적으로 홍보함으로써 유사수신범죄 신고를 활성화하여야 한다. 넷째, 형 법에 투자사기죄를 신설하고, 유사수신행위법을 개정하여, 형량을 높이고, 범죄수익을 필요적으로 몰수·추징하며, 피해구제기금을 마련하여야 할 것이다.This study was designed to recommend the revision of current laws related to fund-raising business without permission in Korea and to suggest countermeasures about it by way of focusing on the ‘Dona Dona case’. In Korea, Act on the Regulation of Conducting Fund-Raising Business without Permission provides for special provisions to protect good traders and establish a sound financial order. To regulate offenders and protect victims against it, this law defines the term fund-raising business without permission as “any business that is performed to raise funds from unspecified individuals without obtaining authorization or permission or making a registration or report, etc.” and it also regulates that any person who conducts any fund-raising business without permission shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five years or by a fine not exceeding fifty million won(§2, §3, §6). In this study, I reviewed the first trial, second trial, appeal, and extradition decision of the Dona Dona case. As a result of the review, I could identify problems such as the prosecution s reduced indictment, the irrationality of acquittal, the passive response of related agencies, and the limitations of current laws. The following items can be suggested as solutions and alternatives for the issues. First, it is necessary to do benchmarking “Investment Fraud(Kapitalanlagebetrug)” of Germany. Second, the Act on the Regulation of Conducting Fund-Raising Business without Permission shall be amended to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement. Third, the government should establish a cooperative system for police, prosecution, financial committee, financial information analysis institute, financial watchdog and local administrative bodies. Fourth, after investigating cases in major countries such as the U.K., the government should establish a nationwide police investigation agency that can exclusively deal with fraud cases. Finally, there is a need

Impact of Forensic Accounting on University Financial System in Nigeria

This study examines the effect of forensic accounting on University financial system in Nigeria. The University cannot run without finance which required proper management on the side of the University management so as to avoid mismanagement of fund. Two theories that are of interest to this study Profession Theory and Relative Size Factor Theory are reviewed alongside with the literature reviewed accordingly. The study used ex-post factor research design using data analysis of financial information extracted from audited Financial Statement for the years 2005 to 2014 which is used to examine how an independent variable, present prior to the study, affects a dependent variable. In order to arrive at the testable conclusion, stratified and purposive random sampling techniques were adopted. Simple and multiple regression analysis were used in this research work with the model findings which revealed that University Financial System in Nigeria is significantly affected by the combine effect of all the exogenous variables. It is recommended that University management and the stakeholders should utilize the findings of the study in taking decisions with respect to efficient management of all the components of Forensic Accounting in order to grow their University.

Methodology of Building up the Accounting and Analytical Management Support for Organizations in Russia

JEL Classification Codes: M10, M40, M41, M42 1. Introduction For effective development of entrepreneurship in Russia, it is vital to have a system of and analytical support, adequate to the existing market relations and allowing making rational management decisions. Abroad there has appeared a business area related to the collection, processing and analysis of financial information which is called and associated with auditing. Within this system the and analytical management support (hereinafter AAMS) is organized. Current AAMS does not provide the appropriate quality and reliability, is not able to use the advanced techniques of modern to the full extent and requires further improvement. In Russia AAMS is organized on the basis of methodology and techniques of the whole complex of economic disciplines, including accounting, analysis, audit, planning etc. Changing economic environment of business entities, the expansion of relations with the subjects of the global market, the appearance of new entities for accounting, analysis and audit, new business activities and the legal framework changes necessitated the search for new methodological approaches and techniques within the and analytical systems of business entities in order to create relevant information . The need to address the issues of the AAMS methodology for the economic entities in the context of harmonization of the global economy determined the relevance of the chosen topic. In the study, two fundamental problems of methodology of AAMS developments for organizations have been identified and are related to: 1) the absence of the integrated terminology database; 2) the need to classify the fundamental principles of organizing AAMS for organizations. In this regard, we have developed recommendations for the development of terminology in order to ensure its integrity, offered a system of principles of introducing the AAMS within organizations and compiled the original classification. 2. Theoretical, Informational and Empirical, and Methodological Grounds of the Research Theoretical and methodological basis of the research consists of the works of local and foreign researches and leading experts on the methodology of organizing the and analytical systems and the AAMS as well as techniques of accounting, analysis and audit. On the basis of systematic approach, the article has developed and justified the scientific and methodological provisions aimed at improving the theory and practice of formation and use of the AAMS within business entities in order to increase efficiency of decision making. The basis of the research consists of the theory (static, dynamic, organic, evolutionary and adaptive), the strategic concept of accounting, analysis and audit. The study of methodological issues of organizing the AAMS relies on a wide range of views expressed by both Russian and foreign researchers and experts in the field of management, economic sciences and (Giannarakis, 2016; Miholaet et al., 2016; Nechaev and Antipina, 2016; Salimova and Makolov, 2016; Liapis et al., 2013). The analysis of sources shows that the methodology of the AAMS for organizations has not been described thoroughly enough. There is no unanimity in terms of interpretation of such concepts as accounting and analytical system, accounting and analytical support for management of the organization, as well as no common approach to the principles of their organizations. Basic approaches to defining of the conceptual apparatus in the AAMS are presented in Table 1. The view of the and analytical systems as a certain integrity, allowing to carry out management of economic processes, as reflected in studies by Kuznetsova Y.V. and Katerinin S.P., involves the use of a structured plan of financial accounts, definition of economic management facilities and the use of techniques as well as building up the results. …

Financial Concept Element Mapper (FinCEM) for XBRL interoperability: Utilizing the M3 Plus method

The use of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) to represent financial reports (particularly 10-K and 10-Q filings) is a requirement of all public companies in the United States. The intention of the XBRL mandate is to streamline the financial reporting pipeline by providing full automaticity with respect to the collection, collation and analysis of financial information on the Web. However, the current lack of acceptable XBRL interoperability prevents the realization of the mandate's potential. This paper reports on a comprehensive solution to this problematic situation. The proposed design artifact, called FinCEM, is undergirded by channel theory and seeks to capture and leverage the semantics of XBRL calculation linkbases towards improved XBRL interoperability. The design artifact is instantiated and evaluated against XBRL filings from companies included in the S&P 100. The artifact, which operates automatically and without human intervention, is shown to provide significant improvements over alternative approaches as it attains high accuracy with respect to its core information retrieval task.

The irruption of AirBNB and its effects on hotels' profitability: An analysis of Barcelona's hotel sector

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the existence of a relationship between the presence of nearby substitute products, mainly Airbnb flats or rooms, and the effect on the revenue and profitability of hotels.Design/methodology/approach: The empirical study is based on the analysis of financial information provided in the annual reports of a sample consisting of 43 hotels (11.78% of the population). As an explanatory variable for profitability, we have considered the presence of apartments listed in Airbnb that are no farther than one kilometer from each hotel. Considering that most of the variables used do not follow a normal distribution, the existence of a relationship between profitability and the explanatory variables has been tested using non-parametric tests, namely, the Spearman correlation coefficient and Kruskall-Wallis test.Findings: We found a positive correlation between presence of Airbnb apartments and return on equity. This fact can be explained by considering the presence of Airbnb apartments as a variable that measures the attractiveness of the location from a tourist’s point of view. Hotels located near the city center or main tourist areas of the city have a higher level of profitability. We also found no evidence of any relationship between profitability and star category; 4- and 3-star hotels have experienced, on average, a lower drop in revenues between 2008 and 2013 and they also obtained a higher average level of profitability in 2013 as compared to the upper segment of 5-star hotels.Research limitations/implications: This research has been conducted in the city of Barcelona. Future research using the same methodology should be applied to other cities with an important hospitality sector to reinforce our findings. The main implications of this research refer to the importance of location as a key strategic variable in hospitality, and to the change in the system customers use to evaluate the quality of a hotel, according to which the traditional star category system has been partially replaced by new sources of information available through the new communication technologies.Originality/value: This paper is one of the first contributions that scholars have made to obtain a deeper understanding of the effects of the new forms of the sharing economy, focusing on the hospitality industry.

KEY ASPECTS OF CORPORATE FINANCIAL SOUNDNESS

With increasing role of transnational corporation (TNC) questions of corporate financial soundness analysis and prediction methods are gaining momentum. This article highlights the key aspects of financial soundness of corporations. The author compared the economic notion of financial soundness in theory and in practice. Also, specified the concept of financial soundness («stability», «sustainability», «solvency», «soundness», «financial distress) used in Russia and internationally. The existing academic approach in terms of financial soundness assessment is different from the view of international organizations and corporations. The article stated that Russian researches in general see financial soundness as a mix of liquidity and solvency whereas in practice the financial soundness is a more multivariate concept. International Monetary Fund, Ministry of Regional Development and Central Bank of Russia extend the concept of financial soundness adding the profitability and specific ration into the analysis. Foreign authors use different models of financial soundness ranging from statistical, mathematical to special ratings. In practice there is also no definitive understanding of financial soundness based on the analysis of financial information of Rosneft, Alrosa, and Tatneft.Compared Russian and foreign academic approach, government and international instructions of IMF, Ministry of Regional Development and Central Bank of Russia and stated the main characteristics of financial soundness, an author gives its definition.

지하경제의 자금세탁 규제에 관한 고찰

In the underground economy, the issue of money laundering as a typical white-collar crime is on the cover and expertise. Two social evils at the same time because it is not visible to the general public awareness of the crime, sex and while it is true that the very lack of a serious problem in modern society, especially corruption, crime and criminal organizations also to block the link tracking for money laundering and penalties see the need.BR As noted earlier, the first to regulate money laundering, aiding illegal profits, while the portal and taxes distort the normal economic order and, second, laundered illicit profits as a bribe to provide public social absurdity occurs when the social the definition said hatch, third, acquired from criminal fraud and concealment, the sources of funding for the crime if caught difficulty and obstruction of law enforcement agencies as well as the crime of suppression will lead to a significant hindrance. The Money Laundering Act in order to establish the correct economic order should be regulated.BR Analysis of financial information and analysis, at least one violation of the principle is guaranteed, when tracing the flow of funds should not be intentional and reckless abuse. For the crime of money laundering in order to quell the criminal penalties for organized crime of course, but they can block the flow of funds between economic sanctions must follow. That is the main motivation for the economic benefits to be gained from considering criminal forfeiture money thoroughly and cover-ups that chujing property is considered to be an effective way.