Analysis Of Features Research Articles

Analysis of genomic and characterization features of Luteolibacter soli sp. nov., isolated from soil.

The strain designated as Y139T is a novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, and non-motile bacterium, was isolated from a soil sample in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The cells of strain Y139T were a rod-shaped, with the width of 0.4-0.7 and the length of 1.5-2.0 . Growth occurred at 20-37°C (optimum, 30°C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0), and 0-1.0% NaCl (w/v) (optimum, 0%). The polar lipid profiles included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids included C16:0, iso-C14:0, and C16:1 ω9c. Menaquinone-9 (MK-9) was recognized as the only respiratory quinone. Strain Y139T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Luteolibacter flavescens MCCC 1K03193T (98.3%). Phylogenetic analysis positioned it within the genus Luteolibacter. The draft genome of strain Y139T consisted of 7,106,054 bp, and contained 5,715 open reading frames (ORFs), including 5,656 coding sequences (CDSs) and 59 RNA genes. The genomic DNA G + C content was found to be 62.5%. Comparing strain Y139T with L. flavescens MCCC 1K03193T and Luteolibacter arcticus CCTCC AB 2014275T, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 80.6 and 82.1%, respectively. Following phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic analyses, a novel species within the genus Luteolibacter, designated as Luteolibacter soli sp. nov., was proposed for strain Y139T, which was also assigned as the type strain (=KCTC 92644T = MCCC 1H01451T). Further analysis of core genes across 9 Luteolibacter species uncovered significant genomic divergence, particularly in those related to cofactor, vitamin, and energy metabolism. Analysis of biogeographic distribution suggested that lake and soil were the main habitats for the genus Luteolibacter. Additionally, the genus Luteolibacter was sensitive to climate warming and precipitation.

A non-intrusive multiscale framework for 2D analysis of local features by GFEM — A thorough parameter investigation

This work comprehensively investigates key parameters associated with a recently proposed non-intrusive coupling strategy for multiscale structural problems. The IGL-GFEMgl combines the Iterative Global Local Method and the Generalized Finite Element Method with global–local enrichment, GFEMgl. Different scales of the problem are solved using distinct finite element codes: the commercial software Abaqus and a research in-house code. An Iterative Global–Local non-intrusive algorithm is employed to couple the solutions provided by the two solvers, with the process accelerated by Aitken’s relaxation. Slight modifications have been introduced, and the resulting accuracy and computational performance are discussed using numerical examples. The problems investigated explore the coupling strategy within the context of 2D linear elastic problems, which include voids and crack propagation described at the local scale solved by the in-house code. A noteworthy trade-off between reducing iterations and increasing the time to solve the local problems is observed. Despite the high accuracy achieved, the two versions of the coupling strategy, namely the monolithic and staggered algorithms, exhibit different computational performances when the GFEMgl parameters, such as the number of global–local cycles and the size of the buffer zone, are evaluated for the crack propagation simulation.

Экономический и технологический суверенитет: соотношение понятий

The article contains a comparative analysis of the main essential features of economic and technological sovereignty of a state. The author highlights the importance of the establishment and strengthening of the reviewed phenomena for the Russian Federation at the contemporary development stage of our country.

Determinants of Multilevel Discourse Outcomes in Anomia Treatment for Aphasia.

Individuals with aphasia identify discourse-level communication (i.e., language in use) as a high priority for treatment. The central premise of most aphasia treatments is that restoring language at the phoneme, word, and/or sentence level will generalize to discourse. However, treatment-related changes in discourse-level communication are modest, are poorly understood, and vary greatly among individuals with aphasia. In response, this study consisted of a multilevel discourse analysis of archival, monologic discourse outcomes across two high-intensity Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) clinical trials. Aim 1 evaluated changes in theoretically motivated discourse outcomes representing lexical-semantic processing, lexical diversity, grammatical complexity, and discourse informativeness. Aim 2 explored the potential moderating role of nonlanguage cognitive factors (semantic memory, divided attention, and executive function) on discourse outcomes. This study was a retrospective analysis of archival monologic discourse outcomes after intensive SFA for n = 60 (Aim 1) and a subset n = 44 (Aim 2). Outcome measures included lexical-semantic processing (% semantic errors), lexical diversity (moving average type-token ratio), grammatical complexity (mean utterance length), and discourse informativeness (% correct information units). Bayesian generalized mixed-effects models were used to examine changes across four study time points: enrollment, entry, exit, and 1-month follow-up. The present study found no evidence for meaningful or statistically reliable improvements in monologue discourse performance after SFA when measured using standard, general-topic discourse stimuli. There was weak and inconsistent evidence that nonlanguage cognitive factors may play a role in moderating treatment response. These findings indicate a clear need to pair theoretically informed treatments designed to facilitate generalization to discourse with intentional measurement paradigms designed to capture it. Furthermore, there is a clear need to examine how established treatments, restorative or compensatory, can better facilitate generalization to discourse-level communication. These priorities are critical for meaningfully improving everyday communication and reducing the profound communication and psychosocial consequences of aphasia. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26524081.

Machine-learning classification with additivity and diverse multifractal pathways in multiplicativity

Evidence of multifractal structures has spread to a wider set of physiological time series supporting the intricate interplay of biological and psychological functioning. These dynamics manifest as random multiplicative cascades, embodying nonlinear relationships characterized by recurring division, branching, and aggregation processes implicating noise across successive generations. This investigation focuses on how well the diversity of multifractal properties can be specific to the type of cascade relationship between generation (i.e., multiplicative, additive, or a mixture) as well as to the type of noise (i.e., including additive white Gaussian noise, fractional Gaussian noise, and various amalgamations) among 15 distinct types of binomial cascade processes. Cross-correlation analysis of multifractal spectral features confirms that these features capture nuanced aspects of cascading processes with minimal redundancy. Principal component analysis using 13 distinct multifractal spectral features shows that different cascade processes can manifest multifractal evidence of nonlinearity for distinct reasons. This transparency of multifractal spectral features to underlying cascade dynamics becomes less amenable to machine-learning strategies. Fully connected neural networks struggled to classify the 15 distinct types of cascade processes based on the respective multifractal spectral features (45.5% accuracy) yet demonstrated improved accuracy when addressing single categories of cross-generation relationships, that is, additive (91.6%), multiplicative (75.4%), or additomultiplicative (70.6%). While traditional principal component analysis reveals distinct loadings attributed to individual noise processes, multiplicative relationships between generations effectively make the constituent noise processes less discernible to neural networks. Neural networks may lack sufficient hierarchical depth required to effectively distinguish among nonadditive cascading processes, recommending either elaborating multifractal geometry or using alternate architectures for machine-learning classification of cascades with multiplicative relationships. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Analysis of the current status and hot topics in spinal schwannoma imaging research based on bibliometrics.

This study aims to explore the current hot topics and future research trends in spinal schwannoma imaging research, providing a reference for related studies and promoting the development of spinal schwannoma imaging. We conducted a literature search in the Web of Science database using the search terms (((TS = (Spinal schwannoma)) AND TS = (Imaging)) OR TS = (Spinal schwannoma)) AND TS = (image) to retrieve relevant articles. The collected data, including authors, keywords, journals, countries, institutions, and references, were subjected to visual analysis using the visualization software CiteSpace 6.4.2R and VOSviewer 1.6.19. A total of 310 relevant articles were identified. After further screening based on time limits, inclusion, and exclusion criteria, 179 articles were included in the study, consisting of 132 original articles and 42 reviews. These articles were authored by 1,034 authors from 35 countries and 324 institutions and were published in 82 different journals. The included articles cited a total of 6,583 references from 1,314 journals. Although the field of spinal schwannoma imaging research is not a popular research area in the medical community, there has been an increasing international interest in this field in recent years. While China ranks high in terms of the number of published articles, there is still a gap in terms of the quality and research level compared to developed countries in Europe and America. MRI, as the gold standard for diagnosing spinal schwannomas, is expected to be a research hotspot in terms of feature analysis, enhancement characteristics, and quantitative analysis. It is also hoped that China can increase its investment in research and contribute to the field by publishing high-quality articles in the future.

Antibiotic profile classification of Proteus mirabilis using machine learning: An investigation into multidimensional radiomics features

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a significant threat to global healthcare. Proteus mirabilis causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and exhibits increased antibiotic resistance. Traditional diagnostics still rely on culture-based approaches, which remain time-consuming. Here, we study the use of machine learning (ML) to classify bacterial resistance profiles using straightforward microscopic imaging of P. mirabilis for resistance classification integrated with radiomics feature analysis and ML models.From 150 P. mirabilis strains isolated from catheters of patients diagnosed with a CAUTI, 30 % displayed multidrug resistance using the standardized disk diffusion method, and 60 % showed strong biofilm activity in microtiter plate assays. As a more rapid alternative, we introduce wavelet-based and regular microscopy imaging with feature extraction/selection, following image preprocessing steps (image denoising, normalization, and mask creation). These features enable training and testing different ML models with 5-fold cross-validation for P. mirabilis resistance classification. From these models, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm exhibited the highest performance with ACC = 0.95, specificity = 0.97, sensitivity = 0.88, and AUC = 0.98 among the other ML algorithms considered in this study for P. mirabilis resistance classification.This successful application of wavelet-based feature Radiomics analysis with RF model represents a crucial step towards a precise, rapid, and cost-effective method to distinguish antibiotic resistant P. mirabilis strains.

Reflections on the absence of stomata on the gametophyte generation of extant land plants: a focus on poikilohydry

Abstract The recent realization that bryophyte sporophytes are homoiohydric enabled the present analysis of morphological features specifically associated with poikilohydry. The only morphological feature absolutely diagnostic of poikilohydry is schizolytic intercellular spaces. In vascular plants these are gas-filled from the outset, but in bryophytes are liquid-filled initially. They remain in this condition in liverwort gametophytes but become gas-filled following stomatal opening in hornworts and mosses. These have fixed apertures and are completely unresponsive to environmental cues. Stomata in Devonian fossils may have had similarly fixed apertures. Unistratose lamellae, characteristic of moss and liverwort leaves and pteridophyte gametophytes, are optimal structures for reversible cell shrinkage and recovery accompanying de- and rehydration. In 1 M sucrose, gametophytic tissues and filmy fern leaves undergo shrinkage, whereas sporophyte cells plasmolyse. Under extreme desiccation, hydroids are the only bryophyte cells to undergo cavitation. Like bryophytes, desiccation-tolerant streptophyte algae undergo reversible cell shrinkages. Mucilage secretion is unimportant in bryophyte desiccation biology and developmental differences rule out homology between the mucilage clefts and stomata in hornworts and Blasiales. Elaborate placental walls in basal liverwort lineages and a stomatal toolkit in the capsule walls of Haplomitrium suggest that liverworts’ ancestors may have had more complex sporophytes than those in extant taxa.

Analysis of Correlation Features in Material Application for Architectural Design Based on Big Data Text Mining

This study conducted a big data mining and lexical co-occurrence network analysis on design texts sourced from architectural media over the past decade, systematically evaluating the application trends of materials in architectural design. This approach distinguishes itself from traditional case studies that rely on small samples of material applications in architectural design, thereby significantly enhancing the generalizability of the conclusions. The research reveals a 27.2% increase in the material–project frequency of architectural materials over the past ten years, indicating that the materiality of architecture is gradually making a comeback to counteract the trend toward architectural visualization. Within this context, material properties, material interactions, and material presentation in architectural components emerge as universal concerns in architectural design. Notably, the sustainability and energy efficiency of wood and concrete have emerged as pivotal topics in architectural practice, in addition to their structural functions. Additionally, over the past decade, the material–project frequencies of brick and stone have grown rapidly, with respective increases of 24.3% and 11.8%. Brick and stone primarily respond to the locality and style of architectural design by emphasizing their inherent texture and color, thereby enhancing the spatial perception and experience within the designs. This study lays the groundwork for quantitative research on the influence of building materials on architectural design, and it illuminates current trends and preferences in material application within architectural design, thereby empowering architects to make more informed decisions in their material selection.

MFA U-Net: a U-Net like multi-stage feature analysis network for medical image segmentation

MFA U-Net: a U-Net like multi-stage feature analysis network for medical image segmentation

Augmenting interpretation of vaginoscopy observations in cycling bitches with deep learning model

Successful identification of estrum or other stages in a cycling bitch often requires a combination of methods, including assessment of its behavior, exfoliative vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy, and hormonal assays. Vaginoscopy is a handy and inexpensive tool for the assessment of the breeding period. The present study introduces an innovative method for identifying the stages in the estrous cycle of female canines. With a dataset of 210 vaginoscopic images covering four reproductive stages, this approach extracts deep features using the inception v3 and Residual Networks (ResNet) 152 models. Binary gray wolf optimization (BGWO) is applied for feature optimization, and classification is performed with the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. Both models are compared with the support vector machine (SVM) with the Gaussian and linear kernel, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and convolutional neural network (CNN), based on performance metrics such as accuracy, specificity, F1 score, sensitivity, precision, matthew correlation coefficient (MCC), and runtime. The outcomes demonstrate the superiority of the deep model of ResNet 152 with XGBoost classifier, achieving an average model accuracy of 90.37%. The method gave a specific accuracy of 90.91%, 96.38%, 88.37%, and 88.24% in predicting the proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus stages, respectively. When performing deep feature analysis using inception v3 with the same classifiers, the model achieved an accuracy of 89.41%, which is comparable to the results obtained with the ResNet model. The proposed model offers a reliable system for identifying the optimal mating period, providing breeders and veterinarians with an efficient tool to enhance the success of their breeding programs.

Optical tunning of high-luminescent iodine-substituted CsPb2(Br0.84I0.16)5 under pressure

Metal halide compounds hold significant interest for optoelectronics, given their substantial potential for solar cells and light-emitting applications. Low-dimensional (0D, 1D, and 2D) metal halide perovskites or perovskite-like compounds exhibit various compositions with soft lattices and modular optical properties. Thus, the finding of new strategies to further improve such properties is a current research challenge. In this scenario, the 2D perovskite-like compound CsPb2Br5 has attracted attention due to its structural stability and favorable optical properties. This study presents the pressure-induced structural phase transitions of the iodine substituted CsPb2(Br0.84I0.16)5. This substitution induces strong green photoluminescence in single crystals at ambient conditions. High-pressure optical and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments reveal a tetragonal-tetragonal structural phase transitions around 1 GPa, while the photoluminescence emission is quenched around 2.7 GPa. Additionally, a new high-pressure orthorhombic phase is identified in the iodine-doped compound beyond 4.5 GPa. Further analysis of structural features prove that the pressure dependent photoluminescence behavior is directly related to structural distortions observed upon pressure increase.

UTILIZATION OF MSME DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES ON INSTAGRAM DESCRIPTIVE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS @DENISA_SPREI

This study aims to analyze the digital marketing strategies employed by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) on Instagram, specifically focusing on the @denisa_sprei account. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collected through direct observations of the Instagram account, semi-structured interviews with the account owner, and analysis of Instagram features and performance metrics. The primary objectives are to identify the key strategies used for enhancing brand visibility, engaging with customers, and boosting sales through Instagram. The findings reveal that @denisa_sprei effectively employs several strategies to maximize its digital marketing efforts. The use of visually appealing content, including high-quality images and engaging videos, plays a crucial role in attracting customer attention and building brand identity. Active interaction with followers through comments and direct messages (DMs) strengthens customer relationships and improves loyalty while leveraging Instagram features such as Instagram Stories, Instagram Reels, and Instagram Shopping enhances customer convenience and facilitates the purchasing process. Additionally, Instagram Insights is utilized to track performance and adjust strategies based on follower preferences and engagement metrics. Overall, the study concludes that Instagram serves as a powerful marketing tool for MSMEs, providing significant benefits in terms of brand visibility, customer engagement, and sales growth. These insights offer valuable guidance for other MSMEs seeking to optimize their social media marketing strategies.

Three-dimensional interpretation of magnetotelluric data at Fogo Volcano, Azores Islands

The resistivity structure of Fogo volcano and the seismically active Congro region of São Miguel Island has been determined by 3-D inversion from 44 magnetotelluric soundings to yield new insights into the internal architecture of this volcanic island. Following comprehensive testing of processing codes to yield optimum magnetotelluric responses from the collected time-series, a robust electrical resistivity model was obtained. Sensitivity analysis of various features from the inversion process was used to determine their reliability, and aid geological interpretation. The magnetotelluric data imaged, and provided new structural insights into the Ribeira Grande geothermal system on the northern flank of Fogo volcano, where a shallow low resistivity (1 - 5Ωm) region has strong correlation with borehole data, and is shown to be an excellent proxy for mapping temperature and clay alteration mineralogy. Beneath the central edifice of Fogo volcano and also throughout the Congro region, the geology is very resistive, however the new magnetotelluric observations do not yield any further constraints on the origin of the seismicity that poses threats to the local populations residing on this hazardous island.

Featural analysis, protective capacity, and potential of shallow hydro-geological layers of densely populated residential area, Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

Relevance. Geoelectrical resistivity technology (GRT), together with geological data, was employed to delineate the hydrokinetic characteristics, protective capacity, and groundwater potential of a sought-after housing development in Southern Nigeria. Aim. The GRT utilized Schlumberger's 1-D vertical electrical resistivity sounding (VES) and 2-D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) techniques. Methods. The primary and secondary geoelectric indices were combined with existing geological data to calculate hydrodynamic parameter maps of the shallowest aquifer unit. These maps are crucial for effectively managing the unconfined aquifer system beneath, which is extensively utilized in the area. The study area's saturation dynamics were determined by analyzing total porosity (ranging from 0.282 to 0.691), specific yield (ranging from 0.040 to 0.107), field capacity/specific retention (ranging from 0.242 to 0.623), and storage-dependent drainability efficiency (ranging from 7.6% to 40.5%). The resultsindicated that the area experiences the most effective release of pore water when the drainability efficiency, which is reliant on storage, exceeds 21%. The range of potential index parameters, including transmissivity (57.4–4339.2 m2/day), transverse resistance/aquifer potential scale (453.6–152,756.5 Ωm2), permeability (91.7–7269.7 mD), and hydraulic conductivity (57.4–4339.2 m/day), exhibited favorable potential but limited to moderate protection, as indicated by the longitudinal conductance index (0.004–0.6218 Siemens). Given the strong preference of many people to live in this rapidly growing and competitive housing estate, it is important to establish effective waste disposal systems to prevent the leakage and infiltration of harmful substances, such as leachates and other organic/inorganic waste, into the vulnerable underground water sources that provide water for various purposes. Актуальность работы. Технология геоэлектрического сопротивления (GRT) вместе с геологическими данными была использована для определения гидрокинетических характеристик, защитной способности и потенциала грунтовых вод востребованной жилой застройки в Южной Нигерии. Цель. Технология GRT использовалась в виде способов одномерного вертикального электрического зондирования (ВЭЗ) и двухмерной электрической томографии с помощью установки Schlumberger (ERT). Методы. Первичные и вторичные геоэлектрические индексы сопоставлялись с имеющимися геологическими данными для расчета карт гидродинамических параметров наиболее мелкого водоносного горизонта. Указанные карты имеют решающее значение для эффективного управления системой незамкнутого водоносного горизонта под ним, которая широко используется в этом районе. Динамика насыщения исследуемой области определялась путем анализа общей пористости (в диапазоне от 0,282 до 0,691), удельной водоотдачи (в диапазоне от 0,040 до 0,107), полевой влагоемкости/удельного удержания (в диапазоне от 0,242 до 0,623) и эффективности дренируемости, зависящей от хранения (в диапазоне от 7,6% до 40,5%). Результаты. Установлено, что наиболее эффективное высвобождение поровой воды происходит, когда дренируемость превышает 21%. Диапазон потенциальных индексных параметров, включая проницаемость (57,4–4339,2 м2/день), поперечное сопротивление/шкала потенциала водоносного горизонта (453,6–152 756,5 Ом·м2), проницаемость (91,7–7269,7 мД) и гидравлическая проводимость (57,4–4339,2 м/день), показывают положительный потенциал, но ограниченный умеренной защитой, на что указывает индекс продольной проводимости (0,004–0,6218 Сименс). Учитывая стремление большинства населения проживать в этом быстрорастущем и конкурентоспособном жилом комплексе, важно создание эффективных систем утилизации отходов для предотвращения утечки и инфильтрации вредных веществ, таких как фильтраты и других органических/неорганических отходов, в уязвимые подземные источники воды, которые население использует для различных целей.

CLINICAL CASE OF PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM WITH NEUROMUSCULAR SYMPTOMS

The problem of diagnosing primary hyperaldosteronism remains relevant. A rare manifestation of primary hyperaldosteronism is secondary hypokalemic myoplegia, which may be the initial manifestation and cause difficulties in diagnosing primary hyperaldosteronism. It is expedient to describe new cases of primary hyperaldosteronism with an analysis of clinical features, possible diagnostic errors and difficulties. A clinical case of a patient with hypokalemic myopathic syndrome is presented. The level of potassium, aldosterone, renin in blood plasma was studied, and the aldosterone-renin ratio was determined. Adrenal adenoma was con-firmed by multispiral computed tomography and histology. Clinical observation demonstrates differential diagnostic difficulties of primary hyperaldosteronism, which were associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, nonspecificity of symptoms, dependence on the presence of hypokalemia, and erroneous diagnoses in anamnesis. Attention is drawn to the longterm normocaliemic course of primary hyperaldosteronism with arterial hypertension, which was regarded as a hypertensive disease. Primary hyperaldosteronism was suspected when myopathic syndrome appeared and dominated the clinical picture of the disease. Primary hyperaldosteronism, determining the occurrence of secondary hypokalemic myoplegia, presents significant differential diagnostic difficulties and requires physicians to be aware of the features of the clinical manifestations of primary hyperaldosteronism, alertness to the adrenal tumor, adequate assessment of the clinical picture, the use of a modern complex of diagnostic tools, internosological diagnostics and a multidisciplinary approach to therapy.

Error Analysis of Grammatical Features in Saudi Undergraduate EFL Writing

Mastery of English grammatical accuracy is paramount for developing proficiency as a foreign language. However, research examining tendencies among Saudi undergraduate writers remains limited. This study aimed to address such gaps through a comprehensive identification and categorization of errors present in student essays. A rigorous mixed-methods approach analyzed over 350 grammatical mistakes across 50 female students' writing samples. Errors were systematically coded and categorized to reveal frequency data through quantitative analysis. Findings demonstrated spelling, subject-verb agreement, and capitalization as the most prevalent issue areas, collectively accounting for over 75% of errors. Examples uncovered specific challenges involving verb tense, sentence fragments, and article usage. While outcomes aligned with previous literature, linguistic influences on persistent spelling difficulties were explored to broaden understandings. Recommendations for targeted exercises strengthening weaker domains like phonics rules and irregular verbs were provided. Continuing periodic error analyses can optimally inform evolving pedagogy tailored to emerging needs over time. Significantly, this novel diagnostic approach begins addressing critical literature gaps through data-driven insights that meaningfully inform curriculum development to better support the still under-researched Saudi EFL student population.

Dermatoscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosus in children: A retrospective study.

To explore the dermoscopic features of lichen sclerosus in different parts of the external genitalia in children. A retrospective analysis of the dermoscopic features of 42 female children with vulvar lichen sclerosus treated in the Department of Dermatology of Shanxi Children's Hospital from January 2020 to May 2023. Among the 42 female children, aged 3-14 years (mean: 7.24 ± 2.43 years), the duration of vulvar lichen sclerosus ranged from 3 months to 2 years (mean: 9.83 ± 4.93 months). Clinical lesions occurred in the labia minora in 18 cases (42.9%), labia majora in 38 cases (90.5%), posterior fourchette in 36 cases (85.7%), perianal area in 13 cases (31.0%), anterior fourchette in 17 cases (40.5%), clitoris in seven cases (16.7%), and interlabial sulcus in 11 cases (26.2%). Dermoscopic findings common in the labia majora included follicular keratotic plugs, cloverleaf-like structures, comedo-like openings, and linear vessels (p < .05); however, purple-red globules and patches and white linear streaks were more common in the posterior fourchette (p < .05), whereas dotted vessels were more common in the labia minora (p < .05). Common dermoscopic findings in pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus were yellow-white structureless areas, white linear streaks, follicular keratotic plugs, and cloverleaf-like structures; yellow-white structureless areas and white linear streaks showed the highest specificity. The dermoscopic findings varied among different affected areas, which provides a basis for further understanding of the characteristics of different sites of vulvar lichen sclerosus in the pediatric population.

3D Head Shape Feature Analysis of Zika-Infected Children.

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) has been identified a constellation of congenital anomalies caused by Zika Virus (ZKV) infection during pregnancy. The infection with ZKV could lead to microcephaly of the fetus due to a severe decrease in brain volume and reduced brain growth. The preliminary screening of CZS is based on measuring head circumference; the diagnosis is made if this measurement is below two standard deviations below the mean. The analyses of the 3D head features of infected infants are limited. This study analyzed 3D head images of 35 ZKV-positive cases with an average age of 16.8 ± 2 months and 35 controls with an average age of 14.4 ± 5 months. This study focused on identifying potential diagnostic characteristics of CZS. The 3D head images were captured using a 3D imaging system. The averaged images of the two groups were aligned to illustrate the size and shape differences. There were significant differences in centroid size, head circumference (HC), head height (HH), and chin height (CH) between the two groups. We also identified significant differences in the indices of chin height/total facial height (CH/TFH) and head height/head circumference ratio (HH/HC) between the CZS and control cases. An HH/HC of 0.49 showed a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.74 in diagnosing CZS, which is more sensitive than the routinely used HC measurement. The index of HH/HC has potential to be used as the gold standard for the early screening for the detection of CZS cases.

Process Condition Optimization and Structural Feature Analysis of Humic Acid Extraction from Weathered Lignite.

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the optimization of process conditions for extracting humic acid (HA) from coal, aiming to enhance the yield of humic acid. Additionally, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TG-DTG, CP/MAS13CNMR, XPS, and molecular fluorescence were utilized to examine the properties of HAs. The extraction time significantly influenced the yield from Lishi weathered lignite, while the liquid-solid ratio had a significant impact on the yield from Wuhai weathered lignite. The interactive effect between factors did not have a significant effect on the yield. The optimal extraction conditions for Lishi humic acid (LSHA) were determined to be an extraction time of 4.4 h, NaOH concentration of 0.30 mol/L, and liquid-solid ratio of 21 mL/g, while those for Wuhai humic acid (WHHA) were 3.1 h, 0.21 mol/L, and 12 mL/g, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the true yield values closely matched the predicted value obtained from the model optimization. Comparative analysis of the HAs revealed similarities in their chemical properties, including the degree of aromaticity, molecular weight, and distribution of functional groups. The aromaticity of WHHA was higher compared to that of LSHA. The higher hydrophilic-hydrophobic index of LSHA contributed to its relatively high biological activity compared to that of WHHA. Both humic acids belong to terrestrial humic acids. The results of the study provide a reference for further application of humic acid.