Analysis Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of common culinary spices: Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Piper nigrum (black pepper).

The increasing resistance of microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical properties of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Piper nigrum (black pepper) extracts, both of which are known for their historical use in traditional medicine and culinary applications. Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of clove and black pepper were prepared. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was assessed using the disk diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth dilution method. Qualitative phytochemical screening identified the presence of key bioactive compounds, while quantitative analysis measured total phenolic and flavonoid contents. LC-HRMS/MS analysis of ethanolic extracts was performed. Both spices extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 14 to 18 mm. clove showed superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to black paper, particularly against fungi. MIC values ranged between 3 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL for both spices. Phytochemical analysis revealed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents in clove, with hydroalcoholic extracts showing greater concentrations than aqueous extracts. HPLC quantified higher eugenol content in clove extracts and higher piperine content in black pepper extracts. The differences in bioactive compound content were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study confirms that both spices possess significant antimicrobial properties, attributable to their rich phytochemical composition, particularly phenolics and flavonoids. Clove exhibited slightly superior antimicrobial activity compared to black paper. These findings support the potential use of these spices as complementary antimicrobial agents. Further research should investigate their synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics and explore their applications in food preservation and alternative medicine.

Integrated molecular docking, dynamic simulations and in vivo analysis of ethanol extract Citrus sinensis peel as an antioxidant and neurotrophic agent for ameliorating motor and cognitive functions in traumatic brain injury

Integrated molecular docking, dynamic simulations and <i>in vivo</i> analysis of ethanol extract <i>Citrus sinensis</i> peel as an antioxidant and neurotrophic agent for ameliorating motor and cognitive functions in traumatic brain injury

Analysis of ethanol extract of Solanum anomalum leaves for Antidiarrheal Activity

Diarrhoea, characterized by increased frequency of stools (3 or more per 24 hrs), increased fluidity of stools and/or the presence of blood/mucus, affects people of any age, but is the third commonest disease in children in developing countries, and is responsible for about one third of all hospitalizations among children under five years. Research into drug treatment of diarrhoea, revealed that several species of Solanum are used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and possibly authenticate the antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanol extracts of S. anomalum leaves, as used in traditional medicine. The ethanol extract of S. anomalum leaves was evaluated to authenticate its antidiarrhoeal activity using rats. Ethanol extract at doses of 70, 140 and 210 mg/kg was checked for antidiarrhoeal effect using three models of small bowel transit time, castor oil induced diarrhoea, and castor oil induced accumulation of fluid. The leaf extract caused significant (p&lt;.001) inhibition of small bowel transit time, castor oil induced diarrhoea, and castor oil induced fluid accumulation. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that the ethanol extract of S. anomalum leaves has antidiarrhoeal properties, therefore confirming its traditional use as medicine in the management of diarrhoeal disorders.

RNA-seq based transcriptome analysis of ethanol extract of saffron protective effect against corticosterone-induced PC12 cell injury

BackgroundAt present, oral antidepressants are commonly used in the clinical treatment of depression. However, the current drug treatment may lead to more serious adverse reactions. Therefore, we focus on Chinese traditional medicine, trying to find an effective and safe alternative or complementary medicine. Crocus sativus (saffron) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which is typically used in the clinic to regulate anxiety, insomnia, amnesia, and other mental disorder. The study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of ethanol extract of saffron (EES) on corticosterone (CORT)- induced injury in PC12 cells and further explored its potential mechanism.MethodsThe authenticity of saffron and the active components of EES were identified by a water test and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry system. The screening of cytotoxicity for PC12 cells was incubated with EES in different concentrations for 24 h, and the protective efficacy of EES on CORT (500 μM) -induced PC12 cell injury, cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of EES-protected PC12 cells were analyzed using the RNA-seq method, and the results were analyzed for GO and KEGG enrichment. The results of RNA-seq were verified by qPCR analysis.ResultsThe saffron was initially identified as authentic in the water test and 10 compounds were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)- Mass Spectrometry (MS). The results of CCK-8 demonstrated that EES at concentrations above 640 μg/mL exerted a certain cytotoxic effect, and PC12 cells pretreated with EES (20, 40, and 80 μg/mL) significantly reversed the 500 μM CORT-induced cell death. RNA-seq analysis showed that EES regulated 246 differential genes, which were mainly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Dusp5, Dusp6, Gadd45b, Gadd45G, and Pdgfc were further validated by qPCR. Experimental data showed that the results of qPCR were consistent with RNA-seq.ConclusionsThese findings provide an innovative understanding of the molecular mechanism of the protective effect of EES on PC12 cells at the molecular transcription level, and Dusp5, Dusp6, Gadd45b, Gadd45g, and Pdgfc may be potential novel targets for antidepressant treatment.

Four new cycloartane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Combretum mellifluum Eichler: assessment of their antioxidant and antileishmanial activities

ABSTRACT The beneficial pharmacological actions including antioxidant effects as an antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, and analgesic of compounds isolated from Combretum mellifluum Eichler (Combretaceae) are well established. The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemistry as well as assess the antioxidant and antileishmanial activities of the leaves from Combretum mellifluum Eichler (Combretaceae). Analysis of ethanolic extract resulted in isolation and identification of two epimeric mixtures of four previously unknown cycloartane-type triterpenoids, methyl quadrangularate M and methyl 24-epiquadrangularate M, and 2α,3β,24β-trihydroxy-cycloart-25-ene and 2α, 3β, 24α-trihydroxy-cycloart-25-ene, and eight known compounds. Their structures were using one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D NMR), 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) analysis. Further, the extract and fractions were tested for antioxidant potential. The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity against 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH) free radicals, which correlated directly with total flavonoid content. All extracts and fractions from C. mellifluum Eichler were assessed for antileishmanial activity. The supernatant fraction exhibited highest potential, inhibiting the growth of Leishmania amazonensis with IC50 value 31.29 μg/ml. Our findings provide information on the chemical composition of C. mellifluum and the potential beneficial therapeutic usefulness as an antioxidant agent in various diseases.

GCMS AND TLC ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEED MOMORDICA CHARANTIA

To perform the TLC and GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract of seed Momordica charantia. The seeds ofMomardicacharantia was extracted with ethanol and tested for TLC and GCMS by standard procedure as per the guidelines of WHO.The phytochemical and TLC studies showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, steroids, terpenoids and proteins.The GCMS analysis of seed Momardicacharantiashowed five major compounds were found to be n-hexadeconic acid, 9,12-Octadecadinoic acid,Octadecanoic acid,Hexadecanoic acid-2-hydroxy-1-hydroxy methyl ethyl ester and Gamma-sitosterol.The Therapeutic activity may be due to the major compounds identified by GCMS and further have to be evaluated.Mostly cucurbitaceae plant possesses the highest nutritive value and also a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals. Fruits are composed of sufficient of water,protein and lipids respectively.In addition to this MC seeds can represent a good source of lipids, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and they are among the few foods containing conjugated linolenic acid, being as eleostearic acid. The essential oil, obtained from drought seeds, contains sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes. Other bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols and polyphenols have been reported in general. The pericarp, the aril, the stem and the leaves of the plant are also a good source of phenolic compounds, which can be useful to protect from oxidative damage by acting directly on reactive oxygen species and to induce endogenous defense systems.

Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella

Bioactive chemicals of plant source are phytochemicals (secondary metabolites). They are synthesized naturally in all segments of the plant. Caesalpinia bonducella used for psoriasis care by traditional Siddha physicians in the Malabar regions and is also used in Pakistan's traditional medicine scheme. Tree bark has been identified as a purgative and is recommended for the treatment of disorders of the kapha and vata, gynaecological disorders, skin infections, bowel problems, abdominal distension, piles, ulcers. This study is concerned with the phytoconstituents assessment of the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (EECB) leaves. Method: Using Soxhlet apparatus, coarse powder of Caesalpinia bonducella leaves was extracted with ethanol by hot percolation. For 24 hours, the extraction has been worked out. The solvent was extracted out for acquiring a concentrated extract following extraction. The condensed extract was then vacuum dried and the dry extract was processed for specific bioactive compounds investigation in an air tight container. The existence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins &amp; amino acids, hormones, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins was revealed in EECB.

Anti-Zika virus activity and chemical characterization by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-DAD-UV-MS) of ethanol extracts in Tecoma species

BackgroundPlant species from the genus Tecoma are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some of them are grown as ornamental plants and others can be used as medicinal plants. In the present study, ethanolic extracts from trunks and leaves of Tecoma species were tested in vitro using assays against the Zika virus.MethodsThere was a total of 8 extracts obtained from different anatomical parts of three Tecoma species. The Tecoma castaneifolia, T. garrocha, T. stans var. angustata and T. stans var. stans were prepared by percolation with ethanol. The antiviral activity was assayed in vitro against the Zika virus by the MTT colorimetric method (n = 3). The UPLC-DAD-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts was performed from all the studied species. The biofractionation of T. stans var. stans trunk extract using different separation techniques led to the isolation of crenatoside compound.ResultsEthanolic extract from Tecoma species leaves were more active against the Zika virus (EC50 149.90 to 61.25 μg/mL) when compared to the trunk extracts tested (EC50 131.0 to 66.79 μg/mL and two were not active). The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained from T. stans var. stans trunk were active against the Zika virus with EC50 values of 149.90 and 78.98 μg/mL, respectively. Crenatoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the ethyl acetate of T. stans var. stans trunk extract. This compound was tested and exhibited EC50 34.78 μM (21.64 μg/mL), thus demonstrating a better result than the original ethanolic extracts as well as others extracts of Tecoma species, and it was more active than the positive control, ribavirin (386.84 μM). Furthermore, its selectivity index was at least 2.5 times higher than the tested ethanolic extracts and 11.1 times more potent than ribavirin.ConclusionThe Tecoma species demonstrated interesting in vitro activity against the Zika virus. The crenatoside, phenylethanoid glycoside that was for the first time isolated from Tecoma stans var. stans, exhibited a potent and relevant anti-Zika virus activity, being more active than ribavirin (positive control). The data show that crenatoside, was a promising compound with in vitro antiviral activity against the Zika virus.

Improvement of growth, productivity and some chemical properties of hot pepper by foliar application of amino acids and yeast extract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted during the seasons of 2016 - 2017 to compare the impact of foliar amino acids binding (0.5, 1 and 2 g.L-1) and yeast extract ( 2.5, 5 and 10 g.L-1) on certain development and physiological parameters of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The results cleared that foliar application of amino acid (2 g.L-1) or yeast (10 g.L-1) increased development parameters of hot pepper compared to control in both first and second seasons. Amino acids foliar implementation with (2 g.L-1) gave higher content of anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, lycopene and íŸ- carotene contents as compared with the control. Also, 10 g.L-1 foliar application of yeast extract showed the best results as compared to control in both first and second seasons. Foliar application of amino acids contents increased phenol and flavonoid contents of hot pepper fruits. Maximum increase was observed at 2 g.L-1 amino acids in both seasons. While 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and lipid peroxidation contents increased with 2 g.L-1 amino acids and 10 g.L-1 yeast foliar application. The HPLC analysis of ethanolic extract of hot pepper fruits has shown fifteen phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds were increased by increasing the concentration of amino acid and yeast extract foliar application in the both two seasons. In conclusion it is recommended to use amino acid (2 g.L-1) and yeast extract (10 g.L-1) foliar application as they play a key role in productivity , also in protecting the environment as eco-friendly and cost-effective inputs for the farmers.

Spectroscopic profiling of Eclipta prostrata ethanolic leaf extract by UV &amp; FT-IR

Eclipta prostrata is a significant medicinal plant which is commonly known as “Keshoraj” in Bangladesh. The present study deals with spectroscopic analysis of ethanolic extract of leaf by UV and FT-IR of this plant. The UV and FT-IR spectrum shows the presence of carbonyl group (ketone), amide, aromatic nature of compounds, sulfur compounds, nitro compounds, non-conjugated diene, gem distributed, 1°, 2° amines, anthracene and flavones, fistein, quercetin, NaQSA [Sodium Salts of Quercetin 5’ Sulfonic Acid], myricetin, anthocyanin types of flavonoids. The above mention bioactive compounds are mainly contributed in medicinal utilities of the plant.

Investigation on Biomolecules in Ethanol Extract of Fruits of Prosopis Juliflora (Sw.) DC. Using GC-MS

ABSTRACTOne hundred and twenty-one compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract of fruits from Prosopis juliflora. The major constituents identified were terpenoids: Limonene diol, Dihydrocarvone, Limonene dioxide, trans-Carveol, Dinorsesquiterpenoid, and fatty acids and its derivatives: 2-chloroethyl linoleate, Cis-Vaccenic acid, Linoleic acid. The minor compounds identified were Monolinolein, Ricinoleic acid, Ethyl elaidate, Palmitic acid, Mome inositol, Uroterpenol, p-methylacetophenone, Glycerol, Limonene, and Cyclooctanone.

Biochemical Screening, Antibacterial and GC-MS Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Hemidesmus indicus (L) R. Br. root.

Biochemical Screening, Antibacterial and GC-MS Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of <i>Hemidesmus indicus</i> (L) R. Br. root.

ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM SEMBUNG’S ROOT (BLUMEA BALSEMIFERA[L/]/DC) ON INCREASING APPETITE OF WISTAR FEMALE MICE

Objectives: Empirically, root of Sembung can be used as an appetite enhancer/booster. Increasing appetite effect could be seen from increasing animal body weight and reducing leftover food every time-observation. The aim of this study was to analysis of ethanolic extract of Sembung’s root on increasing appetite that exposured in Wistar female mice.Methods: This research was laboratory experimental which used 25 female Swiss Wistar. Rats, then, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5) , CMC 0.5%, normal control, ethanolic extract from sembung’s rootdose II 600 mg/kg body weight, dose II 1200 mg/kg body weight, dose III 1800 mg/kg body weight). Tests conducted for 14 days with 2 parameters: weight gain and the remaining amount of feed. The second parameter is then calculated AUC of total body weight and food scraps. Data was analyzed using statistical test of one-way ANOVA. Results:The results shown that ethanolic extract of root of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC could increase that the AUC value of the averagebody weight with average Dose I: 199.51 ± 6.19, Dose II: 198.26±9.35, Dose III: 196.81 ± 7.58, negative control: 187.71 ± 3.79and normal control: 187.64 ± 5.00. While the average AUC value of the remaining amount of food at first dose was 10.94 ± 1.96 showed the lowest value. ANOVA test presented significant value (P &lt;0.05) in reducing amount of leftover food and increasing body weight.Conclusion: Exposuring of ethanolic extract of Sembung’s root Blumeabalsamifera (L.) DC indicated increasing appetite behaviour of female Wistar rats.

Elemental Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Flowers of &lt;I&gt;Speranthus indicus&lt;/I&gt; Linn

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the elemental analysis of ethanolic extract of flowers of Speranthus indicus Linn. Elemental analysis shows the presence of Calcium, Iron, Sodium, Potassium and Zinc as 8.66, 4.59, 5.75, 3.69 and 9.5 mg/g respectively. Toxic chemical lead is not present in the flower extract. Therefore, the flowers of these plant posses strong metal content which is beneficial to human health.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Coscinium fenestratum in Experimentally Induced Hepatotoxicity in Cockerels and its Characterization

Ethanolic and aqueous extracts prepared from leaves of Coscinium fenestratum were evaluated for hepatotoxicity in cockerels. Acetaminophen was given @ 500 mg/kg b wt orally to induce hepatocellular damage. Ethanolic extract of C fenestratum @ 60 mg/kg b wt helped in restoration of Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and lymphocytes and heterophils as well as total protein, albumin and globulin, glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin and activity of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH. Liver sections of treated animals clearly showed normal hepatic cells and central vein thereby confirming hepatoprotective activity. Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract showed presence of alkaloids, coumarin, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, sterol, tannin and triterpenes.

Chemical characterization of two morphologically related Espeletia (Asteraceae) species and chemometric analysis based on essential oil components

In this study, a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of two morphologically related species from the genus Espeletia Mutis ex Bonpl., namely, Espeletia grandiflora Humb. & Bonpl. and Espeletia killipii Cuatrec., Asteraceae, has been performed by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analysis of ethanol extracts (70%, v/v) from leaves and concomitant compound dereplication allowed the identification of major peaks, most of them new reports for the genus Espeletia or the subtribe Espeletiinae. Chemical characterization of resins essential oils indicated several similarities and differences between both species and from other members of the subtribe. Chemometric analysis (hierarchical clustering analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis) applied to the essential oil composition of 31 species from Espeletiinae furthermore allowed the identification of three primary clusters correlated with the taxonomy. Hence, this study underscored qualitative and semiquantitative differences between the chemical composition of leaves and resins of E. grandiflora and E. killipii, provided information on chemotaxonomy and described the presence of different trends in the essential oil composition from species of Espeletiinae.

Evaluation of analgesic and Anti-inflammatory effects of aerial parts of Breynia rhamnoides Muell. Arg

The plant Breynia rhamnoides Muell. Arg (family-Phyllanthaceae/Euphorbiaceae) was reported to have numerous potent constituents and the same plant was used for many traditional medicines. Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts of Breynia rhamnoides revealed the presence of many active compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. Present work describes the extraction and evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aerial part extract of Breynia rhamnoides . Acute toxicity studies were performed as per OECD-423 guidelines. Toxicity signs and symptoms were not observed. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema model and analgesic activity by Eddys hot plate method and Acetic acid induced writhing method in Wistar albino rats. The extract exhibited significant anti- inflammatory and peripheral analgesic activity.

English

Hugonia mystax (H. mystax) has been used in the siddha and ayurvedha for various ailments. In this study ethanolic crude extract (EEHM) of the leaves were studied for various analgesic methods. The ethanolic extract of H. mystax was spiked into the male swiss albino mice (weighing 20 to 25 g) and male wister rats weighing (150 to 200 g) and analyzed the analgesic activity by hot plate and acetic acid induced method. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of H. mystax showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, terpenoids and absence of alkaloids, proteins and amino acids. For acute toxicity test, mice were injected different doses of each extract by intraperitoneal route and the LD50 values were determined. The analgesic effect was evaluated in mice by the hot plate method and acetic-acid writhing test. The extracts have produced significant analgesic effects by the acetic acid writhing test and by the hot plate method (p <0.01) and a dose-dependent inhibition was observed. The overall results indicate the significant analgesic activity and also its justification for further traditional uses H. mystax leaves. Key words: Hugonia mystax, analgesic activity, toxicity.

14C-Prothiofos Residues in the Presence of Deltamethrin and Dimilin Pesticides in Cotton Seeds and Oils, Removal of Prothiofos Residues in Oils and Bioavailability of its Bound Residues to Rats

Ethyl-1-14C-prothiofos and some of its degradation products have been prepared for the present investigation. Cotton plants were treated with 14C-prohiofos alone and in presence of deltamethrin and dimilin pesticides under conditions simulating local agricultural practice. 14C-residues in seeds were determined at harvest time about 75% of 14C-activity was associated with oil. The ethanol soluble 14C-residues accounted for 6% of the total seed residues after further seeds extraction, while the cake contained about 18.5% of the total residues in case of prothiofos only. The bound residues increased in presence of deltamethrin and dimilin pesticides and amounted to 30% and 34% of the total residues, respectively. About 89% of the 14C-activity in the crude oil could be eliminated by simulated commercial processes locally used for oil refining. Chromatographic analysis of cotton oil extracts (acetonitrile layer) revealed the presence prothiofos oxon, O-ethyl phosphorothioate, O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate, des-propylthio prothiofos, O-ethyl phosphoric acid as the main degradation products, besides to one unknown compound in addition to the parent compound, in case of prothiofos alone. The same degradation products are found in case of prothiofos and deltamethrin and prohiofos and dimilin except compounds O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate and des-propylthio prothiofos. Chromatographic analysis of ethanol extract revealed the presence of O-ethyl phosphorothioate, despropylthio prothiofos and O-ethyl phosphoric acid as free metabolites. The conjugated metabolite was liberated by acid hydrolysis and identified as 2,4-dichlorophenole which was detected by color. When rats were fed the extracted cake for 72 hours, the bound residues were found to be bioavailable. The main excretion route was via the expired air (49%), while the 14C-residues excreted in urine and feces were (34% and 9.7%), respectively. The radioactivity detected among various organs accounted to 6.1%. Chromatographic analysis of urine was determined.

Infrared fingerprint analysis of ethanol extracts from mussel coupled with cluster analysis and principal component analysis

It was well known that aquatic products collected from different locations might considerably differ in their types and quantities of nutrient components,therefore,resulting in different quality.It is generally believed that these differences are essentially caused by various environmental conditions and habitats where the aquatic products are grown and harvested.Therefore,the quality control of aquatic products was a major concern for both the health authorities and the public.Hence,a validated method was essential for a quality assessment point of view.Because of its advantages and popularity,fingerprint analysis was widely accepted and used in quality control systems of herbal medicines,and some methods have been proposed for the fingerprint analysis,including infrared spectrum(IR),gas chromatography(GC),high-pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS);but fingerprint technology was rarely used in the quality control of aquatic products at present.For the first time,a validated infrared spectrum method coupled with cluster analysis,principal component analysis and load factor analysis methods had been developed for the study of the infrared fingerprint of mussel,and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer was performed on the 24 batches samples collected from Dalian,Yantai,Qingdao,Zhoushan,Xiamen and Haikou.Similarity analysis results indicated that similarity of 21 batches samples was higher than 0.9,which accords with the fingerprint technique criterion.The samples from the same region had the similar characteristic peaks of infrared spectra and could be clustered together.The normalized spectra was selected to construct principal component analysis model in the range of fingerprint region 1 800-800 cm 1,and according to the model,the first two principal components(PC1 and PC2) accounted for 96% of the variance information in the fingerprint region,and each sample was able to form distinct cluster in the principal component space,then the identification of mussel from the six regions was basically achieved.Besides,to some extent,the sparse density of the samples distribution reflected the genetic relationship.The loading factors of the model were analyzed,and the results indicated that the differences between mussel samples mostly depended on the contents of unsaturated fatty acids and phosphatides.The contents of unsaturated fatty acids in mussel from Haikou and Xiamen were highest in all samples,and the contents of phosphatides in mussel from Dalian and Yantai were highest in all samples.On the whole,FTIR combined with cluster analysis,principal component analysis and load factor analysis provided an effective way to identify the regions of mussel rapidly and nondestructively,and could detect the unsaturated fatty acids and phosphatide contents in mussel from different areas.