Performance Analysis Of Engine Research Articles

EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS OF DIESEL - CADOBA FARINOSA FORSKK BIO-ETHANOL BLENDED FUEL SAMPLES RUNNING ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

The world is facing declining liquid fuel reserves at a time when energy demand is exploding. As the supply decreases and costs rise, everyone will be forced to adopt the alternative energy resources. In order to achieve a secure and stable energy supply that does not cause environmental damage, renewable energy sources must be explored and promising technologies should be developed. This study investigates the effects of exhaust gases of diesel-Cadoba farinosa forskk bio-ethanol blended fuel samples run on a compression ignition engine. The test fuels were prepared; BDE2 (97% Diesel and 2% bio-ethanol volumetric proportion), BDE4, BDE6, BDE8 and BDE10 with 1% biodiesel (palm oil methyl esters) was maintained throughout to prevent phase separation of the ethanol and diesel respectively. The engine performance and exhaust gas analysis were also conducted to investigate the effect of bio-ethanol as diesel fuel extender, with a TD110-115 single-cylinder, four-stroke and air-cooled, compression ignition engine test rig, under different loading conditions, and incorporated with an SV-5Q automobile exhaust gas analyzer was used to monitor and measure the concentration of gaseous emissions, such as; exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon dioxide (CO 2), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) from the engine tail pipe. Results of the test revealed an appreciable increase in exhaust gas temperature of 16.66% due to the rise in cylinder pressure and temperature respectively. An appreciable decrease in HC, CO and CO 2 15.7%, 37.5% and 15% respectively emissions was recorded for all blended fuel samples with the exception of diesel. While, the least CO and CO 2 emission levels were observed for BDE10 fuel samples. On the account of its satisfactory engine performance behavior, fuel conservation advantages, and inherent greenhouse gas mitigation potentials, the candidacy of Cadoba Farinosa Forskk bio-ethanol and diesel blends, offers the promise of a prospective fuel for compression ignition engines.

Green Energy from Palm Kernel Shell Gasification – dual fuel engine performance analysis

<span lang="EN-US">Electricity generation in Indonesia is mainly generated from non-renewable fuels. Based on these problems, this research utilizes palm kernel shells to be converted into producer gas as secondary fuel for a 5 kW diesel engine. Through a gasification process equipped with a cooling and gas cleaning system, low tar gas is fed to the diesel engine with variations of gas flow rate ratio to combustion air. A dummy load is installed to investigate the effect of load on diesel consumption. The diesel engine vibration increases due to using two fuel types was measured by installing a vibration meter. The research results show that the higher the load and the greater the ratio of producer gas injected, the less diesel consumption. At a gas ratio of 4:1 and an increase of load from 1 to 5 kW, the diesel fuel flow rate reduces by 25 - 31%. The most significant reduction in diesel consumption occurred at a load of 5 kW, valued at 38.49%. On the other hand, increasing the gas ratio causes an increase in diesel engine vibration. The research results showed an increase in engine vibration of 5.84% - 10.25%. The largest vibration was recorded at a load of 5 kW with a value of 92.4 m/s<sup>2 </sup> </span>

Performance analysis of a gas turbine engine via intercooling and regeneration- Part 2

Abstract The current study aims to amplify the predictive ability of the numerical model developed for a gas turbine engine-based power plants by process of regeneration and intercooling. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface systems (ANFIS) are the two techniques mainly concentrated in this study which were not properly implemented previously. The performance parameters namely, specific power (SP), thermal efficiency (η), and enthalpy based specific fuel consumption (EBSFC) of a Turboprop engine were predicted using thermodynamic parameters namely, pressure ratio (PR), nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), turbine inlet temperature (TIT), for constant regeneration (R), and intercooling (E) efficiencies. The results showed that a high regression result R 2 of 0.9831 and 0.9899 was found for the ANFIS model for η for training and testing, respectively. Also, the ANFIS model resulted in best performance of the performance characteristics when compared to ANN.

Blending action of pyrolysis oil/diesel fuel featured with hydrogen on compression ignition engine performance and emission analysis

Waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a non-biodegradable toxic, and harmful material. To maintain environmental sustainability, the waste HDPE involves alternative fuel extraction. The main objective of this study is to extract the alternative oil fuel from the source of the waste HDPE through pyrolysis with a reactor temperature of 300–550 °C and study the compression ignition (CI) engine performance and emission behavior. ASTM standards evaluate the physical and chemical properties of oil fuel, and its results showed that 40 and 43 °C flash and fire point temperatures, better Cetane number of 49, and a good calorific value of 43.17 MJ/kg. The CI engine performance and its emission behavior are experimentally studied with different blending ratios of HDPE oil: hydrogen: diesel fuel like 0:0:100 (D), 0:5:95 (5HD), and 10:5:85 (10B5HD). With this output, results of 10B5HD exhibited better engine performance like better brake power (BP–6.78 kW), optimum brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC-0.52 kg/kWh), improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE-28.78%) and reduced emission behavior including carbon monoxide (CO-0.43%) and carbon dioxide (CO2-24 ppm), hydrocarbon (HC-5.4%) and nitrogen oxide (NOx-760 ppm). Based on these results, 10B5HD performed better than diesel fuel and was utilized in future alternative fuel applications.

Combustion characteristics and performance analysis of a heavy-fuel rotary engine by designing fuel injection position

The heavy fuel rotary engine commonly operates under high-pressure direct injection, lean-burn and spark-assisted ignition modes, this characteristic feature further highlights the significance of the distance between fuel injection position (FIP) and assisted spark plug in engine combustion organization and performance improvement. Thus, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) means coupled with chemical reaction kinetics is used to investigate the FIP effects on the fuel stratification rule and combustion performance of a heavy-fuel rotary engine. Meanwhile, the flow and combustion transient information in the narrow combustion chamber is analyzed by considering five specially designed FIPs, whose distances to the assisted spark plug along the X-axis (major axis) are 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 (mm). The results indicate that the distance increases to 40 mm (FIP-40) and 45 mm (FIP-45), the fuel stratified distribution rule is more rational, the mixture burn rate accelerates, combustion time reduces, and combustion performance improves significantly. The FIP-45 scheme is the preferred engineering application scheme after comprehensively assessing engine performance parameters, and when compared to the FIP-35 (original scheme) its peak cylinder pressure (Pmax) increases by 5.3 %, CA10-90 accelerates by 20.4 %, and main emissions of Soot, NO and CO reduce by 48.1 %, 50.0 % and 36.2 % respectively, while CO2 increase.

Performance and emission analysis of hydrogen-fuelled compression ignition engine with EGR: a prospective approach towards clean mobility

The energy demand has still been fulfilled, primarily by fossil fuels globally. Hydrogen is the only carbonless fuel that can fulfil the energy demand without impacting the environment. In this research work, a variable compression ratio (VCR) CI engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is tested with hydrogen gas as a primary fuel. Initially, the diesel is used as a pilot fuel igniter to initiate the combustion process. Once the cycle is initiated, the hydrogen gas is supplied and controlled through port fuel injection at a pressure of 2 bar. The engine is operated at various compression ratios (12, 14, 16, 18) and different loads: 0% (0 kg), 25% (4 kg), 50% (8 kg), 75% (12 kg) and full load (16 kg), with and without exhaust gas recirculation. The results revealed that the brake thermal efficiency of the hydrogen-fuelled engine increased by 6.5% and a significant decrement in brake-specific fuel consumption (bsfc). The maximum cylinder pressure inside the cylinder is observed at 68 bar at 12 kg of load and 18 CR. The NOx emission is reduced by 49.4% by using the cold ERG method.

Comparative analysis of Gasifier-CI engine performance and emissions characteristics using diesel with producer gas derived from coal– briquette-coconut shell-mahua feedstock and its blends

In this study, gasifier-dual fuelled engine (G-DFE) performance was conducted and compared together with gasification of individual feedstock (i.e., mahua wood, coconut shell, sawdust briquette) and their blends with low-grade coal. Additionally, the performance of different sets of feedstock gasification and engine utilization were compared with optimal input and output response using response surface methodology (RSM). The inputs of G-DFE include gasification equivalence ratio (GER) and engine load percentage. The G-DFE performance includes engine brake thermal efficiency (BTE), diesel saving (DS), and CO, CO2, HC, and NOX emissions. Results depict biomass co-gasification blends presented higher engine performance than single feedstock gasification. The (briquette + mahua) producer gas (PG) based dual fuel (DF) engine offers a maximum BTE of 27.6% at input condition of GER 0.12 and 100% load. The maximum DS of 63.44% was obtained for coconut shell G-DFE. Regarding optimum emission, the maximum CO and HC, belong to the setting of GER 0.10 for briquette and (briquette + mahua) G-DFE. The maximum CO2 and NOX belong to the setting of GER 0.10, 100% load for (briquette + mahua), and GER 0.43, 100% load for mahua G-DFE, respectively. Further, the study's experimental results and optimizations can guide G-DFE management for improved operation and reduced environmental footprint.

Gasoline Engine Inlet Structure Design and Performance Analysis

By creating a three-dimensional model of the intake pipeline, using AVL software to mesh and virtual simulation experiments, using the control variable method, changing the temperature conditions and pressure conditions one by one to observe the flow of the air pipe and the cylinder, and observing the numerical changes of the flow direction coefficient and tumbling flow ratio, the best solution was found. Through the virtual simulation experiment of the 3D model, the influence of external factors such as temperature and pressure on the air flow in the cylinder is obtained. The relationship between the characteristic parameters of the air intake tract was found through AVL numerical simulation, and the established three-dimensional model could accurately obtain the data after testing, which provided theoretical proof for the subsequent optimization scheme. The experimental results show that the tumbling flow ratio is increased as much as possible without changing the flow coefficient and the fuel economy of the engine is improved. But it also affects the flow coefficient, making it go down. Temperature has little effect on the flow in the cylinder. The flow velocity in the cylinder changes significantly under different pressures, and the area of the vortex area increases.

Performance analysis and emission characteristics of VCR diesel engine using palm stearin oil biodiesel as fuel

Abstract The increasing depletion of fossil fuels has prompted international efforts to search for diesel substitutes. One way to considerably reduce fuel shortages would be to use bio-derived fuels as replacements. Transesterification of edible or nonedible vegetable oils yields biodiesel, which is one example of a bio-origin fuel and a workable solution. Biodiesel’s characteristics are often more advantageous than those of diesel. One well-known example of a nonedible vegetable oil is palm stearin. In this work, we investigate the potential use of transesterified palm stearin methyl esters (PSME) as a substitute fuel. A rated compression ratio (CR) of 17.5 and 210 bar of fuel injection pressure were employed in the experimental investigations, which were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Our main goals were to reduce emissions and improve engine performance. The evaluation parameters encompassed brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emission indices. It was observed that using PSME led to better performance and fewer emissions when compared to using conventional diesel, especially when the CR was 17.5. Increased BTE, decreased BSFC, lower air–fuel ratios, and decreased volumetric efficiencies were all correlated with higher CR. As a byproduct of palm oil, PSME shows promise as a seasonally and geographically specific feedstock for biodiesel production, providing benefits over conventional diesel fuels in terms of performance and the environment.

Optimizing design of a free piston Stirling engine using response surface methodology and grey relation analysis

The performance analysis and optimization of a γ-type free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE) are conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA). The input-output parameters table is determined by the RSM. A regression model is presented to investigate the influence of structural parameters of FPSE on its performance. The relation coefficients for the four output parameters obtained from the RSM are determined to be 0.9980, 0.9983, 0.9999, and 0.9995, respectively, thus unequivocally demonstrating the exceptional precision of the RSM model. Also, the relationship between displacer and piston amplitudes, operating frequency, and output power and these parameters of Stirling engine is presented via 3D surface plots. The performance of the FPSE is optimized using the desirability approach and GRA, respectively, followed by a comparison of four groups of optimization results to determine the most suitable model. The maximum output power achieved is 78.02 W, with corresponding operating frequency, displacer amplitude, and piston amplitude values of 60.24 Hz, 2.55 mm, and 7.27 mm. Finally, by comparing pre- and post-optimization, the output power is increased by 36.85%. The GRA exhibits superior optimization compared to the RSM, thus providing valuable guidance for enhancing the optimization of FPSE in this study.

Performance Analysis of Stirling Engine Type Alpha Using Thermodynamic Approach Based on Schmidt Theory

Environmental concern and the impact on climate change have spawned various technological innovations for high efficiency engines that save fuel and produce less carbon emissions. Technological innovations that operate on a closed cycle can use variety of heat sources, produce no emissions and very high efficiency was Stirling engine. This research aims to design a Stirling engine type Alpha with a capacity of 228 cc with a phase angle of 90 degrees, then analyze its performance in the form of power indicators and thermal efficiency indicators and determine the effect of the increase in temperature difference between the compression chamber temperature and the expansion chamber temperature towards engine rotation speed. The method used to analyze engine performance is the Schmidt method, which is a Stirling engine performance analysis method based on isothermal expansion and ideal gas compression. The result of this research is that the Stirling engine which is designed starts working when the compression chamber temperature is 31.9 degrees Celsius and the expansion chamber temperature is 482.2 degrees Celsius. The highest engine speed is 598 rpm which is obtained at a compression chamber temperature of 45.5 degrees Celsius and an expansion chamber temperature of 662.4 degrees Celsius. The engine power indicator is 194.6 watt at 598 rpm, while the thermal efficiency indicator is 65.94 percent. Based on the experimental data, it is also known that the increase in temperature difference between the compression chamber temperature and the expansion chamber temperature causes an increase in engine rotation speed.

Spark ignition engine performance analysis with low octane gasoline and Methyl tert-butyl ether additive for optimum operation

Spark ignition engine performance analysis with low octane gasoline and Methyl tert-butyl ether additive for optimum operation

Performance, Combustion, and Emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled with pyrolysis oil blends and n-propyl alcohol-RSM optimization and ML modelling

This experimental work focuses on testing the diesel engine by the replacement of pyrolysis oil extracted from different waste plastics. The novelty of this work is testing the engine performance, combustion, and emission study with the following proportions D90WPO7NP3, D80WPO15NP5, D70WPO23NP7, WPO100, and D100. The pyrolysis oil is extracted from the mixed waste plastics with calcium bentonite as a catalyst and n-propyl alcohol is used as an additive for better igniting developer. From the results, it is found that the performance parameters such as BTE are found to increase in efficiency by 2.2% for the fuel D90WPO7NP3 and decrease in BSFC by 3.1% for the same fuel compared to pure diesel. It is also noticed that the emission properties such as CO2, CO, HC, and O2 content decreased in the order of 5.49%, and 6.2%. 39.2 and 12.5 % as compared to pure diesel. However, there is a slight increase in emissions of NOX due to the presence of uncontrolled enriched constituents in the pyrolysis oil; the increase in NOx emissions is found to be 16.2% compared to diesel fuel at full load conditions. The ML and RSM techniques using ANOVA techniques are adopted to find the least accuracy of data. This shows that the model fits the data well. The linear regression model explains 93.6% of the variation in BTE during training and has 95.9% prediction power. Linear Regression showed good predictive skills, acquiring a high R2 value of 0.985. It is concluded that pyrolysis oil with n-propyl alcohol as an additive gives a better substitute in the field of automobile applications.

Biodiesel synthesis from chicken feather meal using S/AlMCM-41 catalyst and engine performance analysis

In this study, Sulphated/AlMCM-41 (S/AlMCM-41) catalysts were synthesized and used to produce biodiesel from CFMO. Different percentages of S/AlMCM-41 catalysts were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET studies, TPD, and SEM-EDS analysis. Sulphur incorporation to the MCM framework though reduced the surface area, and pore volume of the catalyst, sufficient acidity were produced in the catalyst surface. The existence of functional groups and the composition of the biodiesel obtained was analysed by FTIR and GC-MS. S/AlMCM-41 (80%) catalyst presented a high catalytic activity with maximum biodiesel conversion % when compared to other variants. The bio-ester produced from CFMO with S/AlMCM-41 (80%) catalyst possessed the higher calorific value of 50 MJ/kg and flashpoint of 153 °C and other properties analogous to the standard biodiesel. The engine performance was examined for biodiesel blends with neat diesel, where biodiesel blends performed better than neat diesel. The exhaust gas emission studies also highlighted that the obtained biodiesel showed emission characteristics similar to the standard biodiesel, whereas marginally higher emission for CO and CO2 of about 2.2 and 7.9% was reported.

Analysis of a turbofan engine using a parametric loop

PurposeIn this study, the performance analysis of the split flow turbofan engine with afterburners has been examined using the parametric cycle analysis method. The purpose of this study is to examine how engine performance is impacted by design parameters and flight ambient values and to develop a software in this context.Design/methodology/approachSoftware has been developed using the open-source PYTHON programming language to perform performance analysis. Mach number, compressor/fan pressure ratio, bypass ratio and density were used as parameters. The effects of these variables on engine performance parameters were investigated.FindingsParametric cycle analysis has been calculated for different flight conditions in the range of 0–2 M and 0–15,000 m altitude for turbofan engines. With this study, basic data were obtained to optimize according to targeted flight conditions.Practical implicationsAs a result of the performance analysis, the association between the flight conditions and design parameters of engine were determined. A software has been developed that can be used in the design of supersonic gas turbine engines for fast and easy simulation of the design parameters.Originality/valueThe variables used in the literature have been analyzed, and the results of the studies have been incorporated into the developed software, which can be used in innovative engine design. Software is capable to be developed further with the integration of new algorithms and models.

Performance and emission characteristics analysis of a CI engine fueled with distilled pyrolytic waste plastic oil/ethanol/diesel blends.

The current energy challenges in agriculture, industry, and transportation are aggravated by insufficient liquid petroleum fuels, strained by rapid depletion, and higher demand in the international market. Existing environmental pollution due to higher fossil fuel consumption, certainly draws the attention of many researchers to identify a better alternative fuel concerning engine efficiency and exhaust emissions. Waste plastic oil (WPO) derived by thermo-catalytic pyrolysis is found to be a promising alternative fuel due to it's similar fuel properties to diesel. WPO contains long-chain hydrocarbons and high-molecular-weight aromatics which can be eliminated by fractional distillation, resulting in the production of distilled waste plastic oil (DPO). Ethanol is added in addition to DPO in the diesel fuel mixture in order to improve combustion for better performance and reduce emissions. The current study focused on the preparation of homogenous fuel mixtures (DPO/ethanol/diesel) to evaluate it's engine efficiency and exhaust emissions as compared to pure diesel and confirmed that it has the potential to be an alternate fuel for the CI engine. Test engine trials were performed to determine thepotential engine characteristics, for instance, thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumptions, and exhaust temperature, by using various fuel mixtures (80D10DPO10E, 70D15DPO15E, 60D20DPO20E, 50D25DPO25E) under different loading conditions of the test engine. Major pollutants including unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides were measured by a standard emission analyzer. The BTE was increased by 3.7%, and the BSFC was 16.67% less for the 60D20DPO20E mixture so as to diesel at full load. CO emission was found to comparatively increase at higher concentrations and decrease at higher loads. Compared to diesel, the NOx and HC emission were shown to be lowered at low loads and increased at higher loads. The study concluded that the fuel mixture of 60D20DPO20E showed the best engine performance and reduced emissions as compared to diesel.

OCR-MRD: performance analysis of different optical character recognition engines for medical report digitization

OCR-MRD: performance analysis of different optical character recognition engines for medical report digitization

Comparative energy performance analysis of micro gas turbine and internal combustion engine in a cogeneration plant based on biomass gasification

With a view to replacing fossil fuels, biomass electricity generation worldwide has grown from 509 TWh in 2015 to 685 TWh in 2021 and an upward trend is expected for the next years. It is about dispatchable, low-emission power to complement generation from variable renewables. Although modern bioenergy is considered a stable and carbon-neutral source, there is a need to boost the efficiency of the Biomass-to-Energy (BtE) conversion technologies. Accordingly, in this modeling study, attention was drawn to biomass gasification for heat and power, with a special focus on the prime mover characterization for distributed generation. An internal combustion engine (ICE) and a micro gas turbine (mGT), having the same nominal capacity of about 240 kWel when fueled by natural gas (NG), were inserted into a two-way biomass gasification chain and hence fed by clean syngas deriving from a downdraft gasifier. Simulations of the main components of the thermal power plant (gasifier, syngas cleanup, power island) were validated against data available in the published literature and in technical sheets, for specific operating conditions. The next step was to evaluate the overall performance of the entire BtE chain in terms of electrical, thermal, and total efficiency, both at full and part load, in order to highlight the pros and cons of each generator, in a twofold perspective. The last goal was to simulate a load following strategy, for two typical cold and hot days. The results of the thermodynamic analysis indicate that ICE is better performing than mGT, in the simulated context where the power demand from the grid ranges from 80 kWel to 190 kWel, with an ambient temperature between 2 and 35 °C. ICE provides the best performance in CHP mode, with a total efficiency of 62–69%.

Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine fuelled with Juliflora biodiesel: a simulation and experimental study

ABSTRACT The simulation was performed using Diesel RK software, specifically designed to analyse and optimise the performance of diesel engines. Injector design, piston bowl design, stroke length, and fuel properties like cetane rating were used as the input data for the simulation. A simulation study revealed that the lower blend ratio of B20 closely resembled the performance of diesel fuel. At the rated speed of 1500 RPM, the brake torque and brake power decreased by up to 2.5% and 4% for B20 than diesel. The volumetric efficiency and mass flow rate were found to be increased for B20 than diesel by 1% and 2.17%. The trend of BSFC for B20 closely resembled diesel’s outcomes. At full load, the emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx) for diesel, B20, and B100 were measured as 622.66 ppm, 613.12 ppm, and 627.01 ppm. B20 demonstrated better emission performance. These simulation results were validated with the experimental study. The experiments were carried out with the juliflora biodiesel blended with diesel at various proportions B20, B30, B40, and B100 using the Kirloskar TV1 engine. Both simulation and experimental values were almost similar with lesser error and a standard deviation of 1. Based on these findings, it was finally concluded that B20 was the most suitable blend among the tested mixtures and can serve as a feasible alternative to diesel fuel because of the better performance emissions characteristics.

Estimation of the potential of Nahar biodiesel run diesel engine at varying fuel injection pressures and engine loads through exergy approach

Power production, as well as transportation, are two sectors mainly contributing to global warming and pollution. These effects can be lessened through the use of biofuels. However, biofuels are plagued due to low calorific value and high viscosity compared to diesel. However, this can be overcome by proper adjustment of the operating parameters (Compression ratio, Fuel injection timing, Fuel injection Pressure, Engine load). The present study tries to unravel the influence of fuel injection pressure on the performance, combustion, emission, and exergy analysis of the Nahar biodiesel run diesel engine. Five fuel injection pressure (200 bar, 220 bar, 240 bar, 260 bar, 280 bar) and five engine loading conditions (20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 100 %) at injection timing of 23° BTDC and compression ratio of 17.5 are considered. The results indicate that the performance, combustion, emission, and exergy parameters improve with the use of higher fuel injection pressure. The maximum BTEs are found to be 24.86 %, 27 %, 28.11 %, 29.22 %, and 31.13 % in biodiesel mode at FIPs of 200 bar, 220 bar, 240 bar, 260 bar, and 280 bar, respectively in comparison to 27.76 % for diesel at standard settings (FIP = 200 bar, CR = 17.5, IT = 23° BTDC) at 100 % load. Furthermore, the effect of addition of nanoparticles and variation of other operating parameters such as injection timing and compression ratio of the engine may enhance the performance and emissions of Nahar biodiesel run diesel engine.