Analysis Of Energy Savings Research Articles

Data-driven cooling tower optimization: A comprehensive analysis of energy savings using microsand filtration

Effective management of cooling tower systems requires thorough water quality control. While traditional chemical water treatment methods are currently the most prominent strategy, they are costly and may yield limited results when relied upon as the sole approach. Cross-flow microsand filtration systems offer an interesting alternative with the added benefit of potentially increasing evaporative cooling efficiency, thus saving energy. The focus of the study was to evaluate the effect of these filtration systems on cooling tower operation. A comprehensive data-driven analysis over two cooling seasons evaluated the energetic performance of a system equipped with and without an operating filter using continuous monitoring and statistical modeling. For similar environmental conditions, the coefficient of performance was on average 18% higher and was higher 63% of the time when the filter was operating, indicating superior heat transfer efficiency and significant energy savings. It was also 41% higher during periods of high cooling demand. Consequently, the filter and the system work more efficiently at high wet-bulb temperature and thermal load. Machine learning modeling suggested that operating the filter year-round could save between 5% and 13% of the energy bill, primarily during the cooling season. Continuous filter operation is essential as it mitigates biofouling, underscoring its long-term significance, even during periods of lower thermal loads. The results of this study are significant for sustainability, public health and hold broader implications for cooling tower management. Integrating filtration systems into cooling tower management therefore fosters sustainable practices by decreasing energy consumption and biofouling. This study presents a novel approach by demonstrating, for the first time, the significant impact of continuous cross-flow microsand filtration on cooling tower efficiency, both in terms of energy savings and biofouling mitigation.

Analysis of Low-Carbon, Energy-Saving, and Emission Reduction Models Based on Rail Transit

It is difficult to define scientific applicability conditions when dealing with different evaluation objects and scope. This article is based on multi-source big data such as the Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC) of urban rail transit, comprehensively considering the multidimensional impact of urban rail transit on the urban transportation system, and conducting a quantitative analysis of the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of urban rail transit. This study adopts a traffic emission model based on specific driving forces and a traffic demand prediction model, coupling the model and data to establish an urban rail transit energy conservation and emission reduction evaluation model suitable for different urban rail transit setting scenarios. Finally, this study selected six districts in Beijing as model application cases and used a combination of RP (display preference) survey and SP (state preference) survey to complete model parameter calibration for application cases.

Analysis of energy savings through an acknowledgement policy for efficient power management in LoRaWAN for IoT in a ship

Analysis of energy savings through an acknowledgement policy for efficient power management in LoRaWAN for IoT in a ship

Characterization and Energy Performance of WO3 Doped and Undoped Photochromic Films

When exposed to light sources, photochromic (PC) materials change their optical properties and can lessen the transmission of UV and infrared radiation. This results in optimal thermal comfort and a pleasing visual contrast between the internal and external settings. This study uses computer modeling to analyze the annual energy usage in a home with natural ventilation in order to compare the effectiveness of photochromic films with commercial glass. The study is carried out using the EnergyPlus program in the cities of São Carlos and Cuiabá ‐ Brazil. Experiments and numerical simulations with data from doped and undoped tungsten trioxide (WO3) PC films are used in the study. Given the rise in energy usage and the pursuit of thermal comfort, this method is essential for assessing the thermal performance of buildings. Evaluations included a comparison of air conditioner performance and energy savings analysis, which leads to a noteworthy annual reduction in energy usage of up to 216.55 kWh and a 40% improvement in visual comfort. It is determined that PC film's dynamic behavior is the best option for comfort in terms of heat, illumination, and visual comfort.

Indoor Environment Design and Energy Saving Analysis of Sustainable Development Integrated with Green Building

Modern architectural design has gradually distanced itself from the actual living needs of urban residents in the process of pursuing the integration of architecture and nature. To achieve the perfect combination of sustainable ecological concepts and effective energy utilization, green buildings have become an actively pursued design concept. Unlike relying solely on high-tech means, the core goal of green buildings is to build an environmentally friendly building environment by achieving sustainable and efficient utilization of energy and resources. In the design phase, green buildings should focus on functionality and economy, and be tailored to the local economic conditions, regional characteristics, natural resources, and climate conditions of the building's location to create green buildings with unique architectural and regional characteristics. This article endeavors to furnish both theoretical underpinnings and practical directives for the indoor environment design and energy conservation efforts of green buildings. By delving into the pivotal role of indoor environments as an essential architectural component, it integrates sustainable development principles with green building practices and delves into the intricate relationship between indoor environment design and energy efficiency, thus offering valuable insights and guidance for achieving sustainable and energy-efficient indoor spaces. In this process, this article examines the energy and resource utilization benefits that green building design can achieve, as well as the specific impact of indoor environment improvement on the quality of life of residents. Through an in-depth analysis of these aspects, this article aims to provide substantial contributions to achieving the sustainable development goals of green buildings. The experimental comparison results show that in terms of natural ventilation design, compared to mechanical ventilation, the proposed scheme can achieve an annual energy cost savings of 20%.

Energy-saving analysis of desalination equipment based on a machine-learning sequence modeling

Abstract To control water quality and seawater desalination dosage, modeling the coagulation process of saltwater is crucial. With a focus on the features of seawater coagulation with a long lag, a machine-learning sequence-based modeling approach is suggested. The link between influent and effluent turbidities, flow rates, flocculant and coagulant dosages, and other parameters is modeled using structured units such as a gate recurrent unit encoder and a linear network decoder. The model’s validity is confirmed by numerical experiments based on real operating data, which also offer a solid foundation for managing flocculant and coagulant assistance reduction.

Energy Saving Analysis of Coal Gas Resource Utilization in Iron and Steel Enterprises

The article discusses the preparation of a gas balance sheet, as well as the recovery, storage, transportation, and use of gas. An analysis was conducted on the occurrence and consumption quotas of various gas media, and specific energy-saving measures were elaborated for each process. This provides a theoretical reference for saving gas and reducing energy consumption in steel enterprises.

Cost Benefits of Net Zero Energy Homes in Australia

This paper presents a systematic analysis of energy savings and cost benefits associated with several options for integrating energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies. The primary goal of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of achieving optimal net-zero energy (NZE) designs for residential buildings in Australia. Specifically, the analysis combines a series of sensitivity analyses and multi-objective optimizations to account for a wide range of design strategies for detached homes in four cities representing different Australian climates. The results indicate that not only are NZE designs technically feasible for all the considered Australian cities, but they are also highly cost-effective. This cost-effectiveness is attributed to the lower installation costs of rooftop PV systems as well as the beneficial interactive effects of proven energy efficiency strategies. Indeed, it is found that the deployment costs of rooftop PV systems can be recovered in less than 4 years. Moreover, the addition of thermal insulation in walls and ceilings can reduce both HVAC capacities and annual energy end-use by up to 59%. Based on an optimization-based design, NZE homes in Australia can have lower construction costs and, ultimately, lower life cycle costs than dwellings built to meet current energy efficiency standards based primarily on stringent building envelope thermal performance.

The Application Status and Energy Saving Analysis of Heat Pump Technology Under Dual Carbon Target

This paper introduces the significance of energy conservation and the current situation of energy utilization in China, and focuses on the development prospect of heat pump technology. Since the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality has made higher requirements for carbon emission reduction in different industries, the energy structure in China will make important adjustments accordingly. The research focuses on the way to reduce carbon emission in conventional industries and making full use of renewable energy. Among different energy saving and emission reduction technologies, heat pump technology has been widely used in civil, industrial and agricultural areas due to its remarkable performance of energy saving and emission reduction. There are many kinds of heat pump technology, but there are great differences in specific applications. How to make effective use of heat pump technology has become an important direction of our current development. It is a problem we must solve to study the current situation of heat pump technology and then realize energy saving.

Analysis of Peak Demand Reduction and Energy Saving in a Mixed-Use Community through Urban Building Energy Modeling

Energy saving in buildings is essential as buildings’ operational energy use constitutes 30% of global energy consumption. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) effectively understands urban energy consumption. This paper applied UBEM to assess the potential of peak demand reduction and energy saving in a mixed-use community, using 955 residential buildings, 35 office buildings and 7 hotels in Shenzhen, China, as a case study. The building type and period were collected based on the GIS dataset. Then, the baseline models were generated by the UBEM tool—AutoBPS. Five scenarios were analyzed: retrofit-window, retrofit-air conditioner (AC), retrofit-lighting, rooftop photovoltaic (PV), and demand response. The five scenarios replaced the windows, enhanced the AC, upgraded the lighting, covered 60% of the roof area with PV, and had a temperature reset from 17:00 to 23:00, respectively. The results show that using retrofit-windows is the most effective scenario for reducing peak demand at 19.09%, and PV reduces energy use intensity (EUI) best at 29.96%. Demand response is recommended when further investment is not desired. Retrofit-lighting is suggested for its low-cost, low-risk investment, with the payback period (PBP) not exceeding 4.54 years. When the investment is abundant, retrofit-windows are recommended for public buildings, while PV is recommended for residential buildings. The research might provide practical insights into energy policy formulation.

Experimental research and energy effectiveness analysis on chip-level two-stage loop thermosyphon system for data centre free cooling

The development of 5G technology has put forward new requirements for computing the abilities of chips, and chip power has also significantly increased. Consequently, the heat load of the rack will increase rapidly in the future. Traditional computer room air conditioning (CRAC) systems cannot satisfy the rack’s high heat flux dissipation requirements, and new cooling forms such as chip-level cooling should be adopted. In this study, a two-stage chip-level cooling system, which is pumpless and waterless, offers flexible and detachable installation based on practical requirements, was proposed. The cooling system removes heat from the chips to the outdoors via two thermosiphon loops, where the heat is first transferred to cold plates tightly attached to the chip surfaces, then transferred through heat exchangers attached to the rack side, and finally dissipated outdoors through air cooling. In this study, a two-stage chip-cooling system was constructed and tested in an enthalpy-difference laboratory. The effects of the liquid filling ratio on the thermal resistance, total temperature difference, and fluid flow pattern under different heat loads were investigated. Second, a heat transfer model for analysing thermal resistance networks was constructed, and the proportions of different types of thermal resistance were determined. Third, an energy-saving analysis of the system is established. The experimental results showed that at single chip heat load 200 W and total heat load 2 kW, the heat transfer temperature difference between chips and outdoors is less than 20 °C at extremely high energy efficiency (cooling load factor reaches 0.05 at outdoor temperature 40 °C), which makes it feasible for free cooling throughout the year in most Chinese areas. The annual PUE in Beijing using the proposed system is 1.15, which indicates a 30 % reduction of the total energy consumption of data centres.

An Economic Analysis of Energy Saving and Carbon Mitigation by the Use of Phase Change Materials for Cool Energy Storage for an Air Conditioning System—A Case Study

Phase change materials are increasingly used because they can be used for cold energy storage in air conditioning systems to increase system efficiency and achieve energy savings. However, many potential adopters of phase change cold storage systems fail to consider environmental and economic factors, so feasibility assessments are difficult and significant gaps between expected benefits and actual outcomes become apparent. This study establishes an economic analysis model using a technology company in Taiwan as an example. The model determines the costs and energy-saving carbon reduction benefits of implementing phase change materials to allow businesses to achieve energy-saving, carbon reduction, and sustainable development objectives. The results of this study demonstrate that companies can achieve a 32% reduction in electricity costs, reduce energy consumption by 118,411 kWh per year, and reduce carbon emissions by 60,272 tons per year by adopting phase change materials. The dynamic payback period is as little as 2.9 years for low-load conditions. A cost–benefit analysis also shows that the use of phase change materials for energy storage, coupled with the prior construction of energy storage areas, provides the maximum economic benefits and is the optimal choice.

An empirical analysis of energy savings from climate-customized remodeling in vietnam

Energy savings from energy efficiency improvements are necessary to achieve energy savings and carbon neutrality goals in buildings. Additional energy savings can be achieved by strengthening building design standards. However, in Vietnam, standards have not been disaggregated despite the diversity of climatic conditions in each region. Therefore, disaggregating standards according to climatic characteristics and applying appropriate technologies can lead to cost-effective energy efficiency improvements. Therefore, this study analyzed Vietnam's climate characteristics and legal standards to propose energy-saving technologies suitable for Vietnam's climate. In order to explore energy-saving technologies suitable for the climate, regional meteorological data of Vietnam and South Korea were analyzed, and in order to propose energy-saving technologies considering climate characteristics and evaluate the efficiency of the technologies, the energy-saving potential was analyzed for four applications in the capital city of Hanoi. Based on the analysis results, the proposed insulation standards were well adapted to local conditions, and the study was able to verify the optimal energy-saving technologies according to climate conditions. These findings can be used as a basis for establishing regional standards for passive technologies in the future.

Optimization of Photovoltaic System Efficiency in Building Envelope Designs Using Genetic Algorithms: Comparative Analysis of Cost Metrics, Energy Savings, and Payback Periods

This study examines how genetic algorithms (GA) can be used to make protective structures for photovoltaic (PV) systems more efficient. We tried to increase the efficiency of solar cell systems in five different construction scenarios with regard to costs, energy savings, and payback time. To optimize this, we used construction parameters such as width, height, depth, insulation thickness, shading, and roof angle. An evolutionary algorithm generated the most efficient individual with parameters of 32.89 m width, 8.83 m height, 1.46 m depth, WWR = 32.52%, insulation = 8.96 cm, shading = 7.94 m², and roof angle = 72.08°. The solar panels had an efficiency of 31.27%. According to the cost analysis, Building 4, which had installation costs of $40,000 and annual maintenance costs of $1,500, provided the greatest energy savings of $7,000 per year and a payback period of five years. The features that distinguished Building 2 were installation cost, $ 25000; the pay back of installation was seven years; annual maintenance cost $ 800 per year. But it also saved less power which was around four thousand dollars for the year consumption. In Building 3 the greatest energy savings were found and pay back period was also five years In Buildings 3 and 5 average cost and performance was observed. According to the practical outcomes of the study, it has been perceived that applying of genetic algorithms can lead to enhancement of the economic efficiency of the solar power plants including energy saving aspects. It is therefore argued here that these skills can be applied to building design such that possible returns on solar panel systems are boosted.

带优先权用户和半休眠机制的云系统节能分析

带优先权用户和半休眠机制的云系统节能分析

Experimental Investigation of Energy-Saving Potential of Ground Source Heat Pump During Peak Hour Operations

Abstract Ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have emerged as energy-efficient alternate systems for the conventional Air-Source Air-Conditioning (ASAC) systems for space heating and cooling applications. GSHPs have gained widespread popularity globally and are extensively utilized in residential and commercial buildings. However, in countries like India where both space cooling and heating are required, it becomes essential to evaluate the performance of the GSHP system, especially during peak-hour operation to estimate peak load energy demand. This research paper tries to identify the energy efficiency of the GSHP system during peak-hour operations in comparison to the ASAC system using experimental techniques. Experimental trials were conducted in a laboratory equipped with a single unit of 17.58 kW cooling/heating capacity GSHP system and a 17.57 kW cooling/heating ASAC system (two units of 7.023 kW and 10.548 kW). Experimental trials were conducted in peak summer in the month of June for cooling mode operation and January for heating mode operation for Roorkee weather conditions in the northern part of India. The performance of both systems was compared by defining instantaneous coefficient of performance (COP) and cyclic COP. The instantaneous COP was found to be higher for both the systems during peak-hour cooling and heating mode operations. Energy-saving analysis indicates that the ground-source heat pump system saves 36.85% and 38.65% of electrical energy in cooling and heating modes, respectively, compared to the ASAC system.

Temperature reduction and energy-saving analysis in grain storage: Field application of radiative cooling technology to grain storage warehouse

Temperature reduction and energy-saving analysis in grain storage: Field application of radiative cooling technology to grain storage warehouse

Electromobility in BiH

Abstract In this paper an overview of the current state of electromobility in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and a prediction of the future state of electromobility in BiH according to models from the European Union (EU) and the state expected in the future is given. Based on the reference state, an analysis of energy consumption and energy savings due to the increase in the number of EVs in the future was performed. The main goal of this paper is to provide predictable data on the number of EVs expected in the future, according to models from the EU. These data can be used when planning the development of the network for electric cars, mainly charging stations. An analysis of the current state of the number and locations of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) was made.

Multi-objective optimization of an anti-reflection AlN/VO2/AlN thermochromic window for building energy saving

The thermochromic smart window has shown potential for building energy saving by regulating optical characteristics according to real-time temperature. However, most existing studies on smart windows were conducted using an annual building energy-saving analysis. However, the ideal performance of a smart window that strikes a good balance between reducing energy consumption, eliminating the discomfort glare, and providing adequate daylight remains unclear. In this study, a novel AlN/VO2/AlN (AVA) multilayer thermochromic glass with improved transmission by using the thin-film interference principle is proposed, and the energy consumption and daylighting performance of the AVA windows are investigated using a multi-objective optimization method, considering different structural parameters in heating/cooling modes. The effect of different optical characteristics of the AVA glass on building energy consumption and the required annual daylight hours within the useful daylight illuminance (UDI300–2000) is analyzed to find out the Pareto frontier of the AVA windows. The Pareto Optimal Solution (POS) shows the best energy-saving AVA window should possess τlum = 0.58 and ΔτNIR = 0.33, which results in a maximum energy saving of 12.13 % for the office. This solution will strike a good balance between reducing energy consumption, eliminating the discomfort glare, and providing sufficient daylight.

Integrating Passive Energy Efficient Measures to the Building Envelope of a Multi-Apartment Building in Sweden: Analysis of Final Energy Savings and Cost Effectiveness

A major challenge in building energy renovation is to cost effectively achieve notable energy savings. This paper investigates cost-effective passive energy-efficiency measures for thermal envelope retrofit of a typical Swedish multi-apartment building from the 1970s. Here, the use of different types of insulation materials for the retrofits of roof, exterior walls, and ground floor are analyzed along with changing windows and doors with varying thermal transmittance values. The cost-effectiveness analysis is based on the net present value of the investment costs of the energy-efficiently measures and the achieved energy cost saving. Different economic scenarios and renovation cases are considered in techno-economic analyses to determine the cost-effective energy-efficiency retrofit measures. The results indicate that improved windows reduce energy demand for space heating by up to 23% and yield the highest final energy savings. However, additional mineral wool roof insulation is the most cost-effective measure under all economic scenarios. This measure gave the lowest ratio of cost effectiveness of about 0.1, which was obtained under the stable scenario. The final energy savings that can be achieved in a cost-effective manner vary between 28% and 61%, depending on the economic scenario and renovation case. This analysis emphasizes the influence of different renovation cases and economic parameters on the cost effectiveness of passive energy-efficiency measures.