Analysis Of Crosstalk Effects Research Articles

Analysis of crosstalk effects in phase-OTDR system using fiber Bragg grating array

In this paper, the parasitic components (i.e., multi-reflections, Rayleigh scattering, photodetector noise, and phase variations due to external perturbations) are analysed and based on this analysis, a new signal to noise ratio (SNR) definition is provided suitable for the FBG-assisted Phase-OTDR system. A detailed analysis of performance parameters in the presence of multi reflection crosstalk (including its first- and second-order components) and spectral shadowing crosstalk is presented. SNR was calculated for different reflectivity and spacing lengths showing that the maximum number of cascaded FBGs can be significantly increased by using lower FBG reflectivity. It was also observed that the spacing length distance does not have a significant impact on the maximum number of FBGs that can be interrogated. By comparing single-pulse and double-pulse configurations, the use of double pulse was shown to provide higher SNR values when the number of FBGs is around 100 FBGs. The multi-reflection crosstalk when combined with the spectral-shadowing effect was demonstrated to create secondary crosstalk components making the interpretation of spectral analysis more difficult.

Crosstalk Analysis of Current-Mode Signalling-Coupled RLC Interconnects Using FDTD Technique

ABSTRACTIn nanometre regimes, interconnect crosstalk noise has serious implications as it affects the signal integrity of the system. An accurate analysis of crosstalk effects is very essential and a critical issue. This paper efficiently models and analyses the crosstalk effects in current-mode signalling (CMS) multiline-coupled-distributed resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) interconnects. The interconnects are driven by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) gates. The non-linear behaviour of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors in CMOS gate is characterized by an nth power law model. Both inductive and capacitive couplings have been considered to incorporate coupling effects in interconnects. The model is formulated using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The functional and dynamic crosstalk effects have been analysed for different interconnect lengths and varying transition time for the first time in CMS interconnects. The efficacy of CMS interconnects is evaluated by comparison with the conventional voltage-mode signalling (VMS) interconnects. It is analysed that CMS interconnects have lesser crosstalk-induced delay than VMS interconnects. Also, normalized undershoot voltage in CMS interconnects is lesser as compared to VMS signalling interconnects. The results are validated using simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis simulations. The analyses have been carried out for 32 nm technology node.