Analysis Of Conceptual Approaches Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF CONFLICTS ON THE STATE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND WAYS OF REGULATING GEOPOLITICAL TENSION

The growth of geopolitical tension and conflicts in the modern world pose a serious threat to the international security system. It has been established that in recent years conflict at the international level has reached a critical level with the highest risk of nuclear confronta- tion based on the results of the conducted research. In this regard, issues of constructive reso- lution of international conflicts, establishment and maintenance of a stable structure of inter- national relations are gaining significant relevance. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of conflicts with the study of their impact on the state of international security and to build an analytical basis for the formation of systemic decisions aimed at their settlement in the conditions of growing geopolitical tension. Analysis of conceptual approaches, theories and concepts of conflict research has been provided in the course of the research. Classifications and typologies of international conflicts are considered with an emphasis on the main structural elements of the conflict. The formation of an analytical system for supporting strategic decision-making has been proposed in order to solve issues related to the settlement of international conflicts and the ef- fective development of international relations. The proposed system combines four subsys- tems, namely: the subsystem of forming information databases, the subsystem of determining relationships, the subsystem of modelling and the subsystem of forming strategic decisions. The practical use of the proposed system will make it possible to form analytical infor- mation and determine the dominant factors of influence on the socio-economic state and the conflict situation. It is possible to determine the trends in the development of international con- flicts and to form strategies for their settlement and increase the efficiency of international re- lations, taking into account the long-term perspective on the basis of obtaining analytical in- formation.

International cyberterrorism counteraction whithin the context of intensive development of information and communication technologies

The article focuses on the destructive phenomenon of cyberterrorism as an atypical manifestation (form) of traditional terrorism, carried out in the light of the intense development and wide dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the modern world. Based on the analysis of conceptual approaches in the understanding of the phenomenon under consideration, the conclusion is based on that cyberterrorism is a relevant conceptual notion (term), which is perceived as a method of committing a terrorist act (truncated understanding), or as any terrorist crime committed with the use of information and communication technologies (broad). Based on a comparative legal analysis, the authors examine as characteristics of regulatory and legal counteraction to cyberterrorism in the international criminal law system. The study of the mechanism of the international convention to combat traditional terrorism allows us to test the hypothesis on the potential applicability of certain international legal acts in relation to socially dangerous acts committed through the use of information and communication technologies for terrorist purposes.

The Image of the "Smart City" Innopolis: Concepts and Everyday Life

The article represents the analysis of the vital activity of one of the youngest cities in Russia - Innopolis (Republic of Tatarstan), which is being built as a high-tech space, designed with modern concepts of urban development in mind. This is an ambitious project to create a special environment filled with modern “smart” infrastructure and “smart” management methods, as well as a space with an innovative economy fully focused on the work of large, medium and small companies in the field of high technologies and IT education. The focus of attention is the population of the city, the originality of which lies in the synthesis of its economic, historical, socio-demographic and ethnic characteristics. This is a newly formed urban community, where almost every resident is a newcomer. The history of the city officially began in 2015, the social structure of the city is in the process of formation. The population is represented mainly by specialists in the field of high technologies, by occupation they are management personnel, teaching staff, employees of IT companies. In the future, this group may be replenished with graduates of the country's first IT university, operating in the city, open both to local and foreign students. The demographic uniqueness of the city is in the young age of its inhabitants: two thirds of them are young people, including students. In essence, Innopolis is a multifaceted urban community, that is a social construct in the process of formation. The study of Innopolis and the social well-being of its residents is a rare opportunity to consider the current case of designing a “smart city” in modern Russia. Based on the analysis of conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the “smart city” phenomenon, the analysis of the compliance of the newly created urban environment with the main parameters of “smart” and effective urban development is carried out. The research is focused on finding quantitative and qualitative indicators of the level of satisfaction of residents and employees of the city of Innopolis with their lives in general. The level of satisfaction of residents with various aspects of the urban environment and the level of happiness are considered as the main integrated indicators. Based on the results of the empirical study, significant differences were found in the respondents' assessment of the qualitative and quantitative components of the city's life. On the whole, the general rather high level of satisfaction of the urban community with the new habitat is stated, making evident the potential for the further development of Innopolis as a “smart city” of happy people. Implementation of the “Smart City” concept and ensuring sustainable urban development in Innopolis actualises the need to involve the population in the formation and development of urban space, this being necessary for both the authorities and the population. For the authorities, this is an opportunity to use the socio-cultural potential of residents to increase the efficiency of urban development, for citizens - an opportunity to realise their expectations in the space of the “smart city” through active involvement in its daily life.

Analysis of the vulnerability of the existing functioning principles within the world economy

The study focuses on the contemporary realities of globalization trends, the coronary crisis and the principles of the world economy.The paper examines current trends in the world economy, its ability to respond to the challenges of time under uncertain conditions and adaptability to new realities under the influence of the pandemic “COVID-19”. The analysis showed that one of the most problematic areas is the fragility of the Western system of economies, overproduction of capitalism, which reveals the contradictions, paradoxes and main trends of financial, economic, political, social and resource crisis. Here the world’s major players behind the curtain of the COVID-19 pandemic are trying to improve their economic positions, get out of the long recession and redistribute economic resources, and reformat the nature and directions of cooperation and integration.Such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis in assessing real GDP and debt to GDP in developed countries and developing countries were used to study the world economic system and financial and economic crises. The historical method was also used in the analysis of conceptual approaches and the development of crises in general, the statistical method was used in the analysis of statistical data; structural and factor analysis, extrapolation method. This made it possible not only to carry out a comparative analysis of existing trends, but also to identify bottlenecks in the existing mechanisms of the world economic system. To the problematic areas we refer the significant bubble, the fiction of the Anglo-Saxon model of the world’s financial system, the lack of institutions in the world economy and the lack of adequate financial and economic instruments to respond rapidly to pandemics (so-called contingencies) At the same time, it showed a renaissance of the role of the state in a pandemic. Additionally, it provided an opportunity to address the urgency of changing the principles of the current world economic system and to change the philosophy of organization, structure and perception of the world economy as a whole.

THE MECHANISM OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT IN THE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN TO ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

This article describes the objectives and methods of ecological environment management and sustainable environmental management at the regional level and with the impact of economic instruments. The optimum solutions to environmental management problems with a view to preserving natural resources and the reduction of risk of harm to the ecological environment were examined. Based on the analysis of conceptual approaches to the formation of the economic mechanism for ensuring environmental safety, the fundamental principles of the formation of this mechanism in Kazakhstan have been determined. On the basis of scientific research, measures are proposed for the effective operation of the economic mechanism of environmental management in Kazakhstan, which ensures the competitiveness of national products in the domestic and foreign markets, overall economic stability and national welfare in general.

Psychological Analysis of Levels of Communicative Actions Construction

On the basis of numeral experimental studies, it is stated that the basic stages of any mental skills formation are physiological and neuropsychological levels. It is proved that physiological support is a complex functional system, which consists in the interaction of individual brain structures and it is an integral system of vital activities of the organism. The neuropsychological level involves the features of the brain organization of the process of communicative interaction. It is shown that the analysis of neuropsychological support of a communicative act enables to realize the essence and mechanisms of communicative processes at the level of brain structures functioning. It is noted that neuropsychological mechanisms, including psychoperceptual, psycholinguistic levels of constructing communicative actions, provide higher levels of the communicative process organization. It is found out that the psychoperceptual level of the communicative actions constructing is the initial stage of communicative interaction, which is represented by social perception as the ability to perceive, understand and shape the impression concerning other people. The theoretical analysis of conceptual approaches to communication research is realized. The direction of communicative actions construction is defined. It is shown that the strategic direction of the communicative functions formation is the need to consider not only the content-based characteristics but also the level ones that determine the sequence and stage-formation of the correction and development work on the formation of communicative skills. On the basis of the research, four basic levels of constructing communicative actions (neuropsychological, psychoperceptual, psycholinguistic and social and psychological) are determined. They allow to prepare psychological work on the development of communicative actions and skills successfully.
 The neuropsychological level is established to involve understanding the features of the brain organization of the process of communicative interaction. The psychoperceptual level is represented by the processes of social perception in the system of communicative relationships. The psycholinguistic level is a means of transferring the cognitive and emotional states of the interlocutors through speech. The social and psychological level includes communication as an instrument of socialization. The basic and systemic levels of communicative actions constructing are outlined with the help of the scientific analysis and the strategy on the development of communicative functions is formed on this basis.

Manipulating National Elites: Means of Perpetuating the Existing World Order

The article is devoted to the analysis of conceptual approaches, methods and tools used by the United States and its allies for political and manipulative influence upon national elites of the “ascending” and other strategically important States of the world in order to retain a dominant position in the global world order and to gain advantages in geopolitical competition. The authors consider the structure of the elites, targeted by political manipulation from the point of view of the vulnerability of their elements and elite groups to external pressure, blackmail and other forms of manipulation. It is shown that among the tools of manipulative pressure upon national elites, an important role belongs to the information and communication impact on the object of manipulation. The article calls for scientific cognition of the mechanisms and practices of political manipulation of national elites in order to protect the interests of the Russian state and to ensure conditions for the upward development of the country.

Миграция населения: компаративный анализ концептуальных подходов

Миграция населения: компаративный анализ концептуальных подходов

CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN ORTHODOX AND PSYCHOANALYTICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY

In current research the is a comparative analysis of conceptual approaches and methods of psychotherapeutic influence in psychoanalytic and orthodox psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic methods are critically analysed: “free associations”, “interpretation of dreams”, “work with unconscious”, “demolition of resistance”, “uncensored pronunciation”, “catharsis”, “transfer”. The author shows basic distinctions in psychological work of psychoanalysts and spiritual practice of orthodox priests and orthodox psychologists and considers destructive consequences of psychoanalytic therapy. The purpose of the research consists in detecting the conceptual and methodological distinctions in orthodox and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Methodology of the research is aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the ways how an orthodox or psychoanalytical psychotherapy can affect a person and also reveals the historiographic reconstruction of the basic provisions investigated psychotherapeutic approach. The results of this research can be used in comparative psychological investigations involving the analysis of psychotherapeutic effect and also in the practical studies and daily practice of psychiatrists. Practical implementation: psychology, psychotherapy, psychology methodology, psychology history, religious studies.

Analysis of conceptual approaches to the solution of work-mechanization problem in farms

Proposals on mechanization of operations in farms by means of application of new small-sized machinery, namely tractor-mobiles and autotractors, are considered. Ways of autotractor cross-country ability improvement in severe soil conditions and realization of self-loading and unloading are projected.