Analysis Of Chloramphenicol Research Articles

Inter-laboratory studies for the evaluation of ELISA kits for the detection of chloramphenicol residues in milk and muscle

The use of chloramphenicol in veterinary medicine was banned in the EU in 1994. As the Community Reference Laboratory for antibiotic residues in food of animal origin, one of our functions is to organize inter-laboratory studies. A first inter-laboratory study for the analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk by ELISA kits was organized in 2001 and a second one for the detection of CAP in pig muscle by ELISA kits in 2002. These studies were intended to allow participants to control their CAP ELISA methods when used routinely and also to compare the performances of various ELISA kits for the detection of chloramphenicol in milk (commercial or in-house kits). In 2001, 15 participants received ten randomly coded frozen milk samples (four blank samples and six spiked milk samples from 0.5 to 5.0 μg/l). In 2002, 20 participants received eight randomly coded frozen muscle samples (two blank samples and six incurred muscle samples from 2.1 to 6.5 μg/kg). They were asked to analyse each sample in triplicate with the ELISA kit of their choice. Different kits from different suppliers were used and compared in the two studies. The results of the two inter-laboratory studies on ELISA kits were satisfactory regarding qualitative results. The global rates of false compliant results of 2.2% for milk and 0.0% for pig muscle samples were lower than 5% whichever kit was used. The global rates of false non-compliant results (16.7% and 10% for milk and muscle respectively) were also satisfactory. The distribution of false non-compliant results depends on the kind of kit used and on the detection limit for milk as well as for muscle. Moreover the sample preparation was very important to avoid false non-compliant results. Finally, this study demonstrates that ELISA kits for chloramphenicol in milk and muscle globally show good repeatability and accuracy. So these kits could be considered as suitable tests for screening purposes.

Analysis of chloramphenicol in honeys of different geographical origin by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect trace amounts of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) in honey. The methodology entailed a solid-phase extraction of aqueous honey solutions followed by liquid-liquid partitioning, filtration and direct injection onto the LC-MS/MS system. Honey extracts were spiked with an isotopically labelled internal standard (d5-CAP) to compensate for analyte loss and potential ion suppression during the MS stage. Detection of the analyte was achieved by negative ionization electrospray in the selected reaction monitoring (SAM) mode. For confirmation, four characteristic mass transitions were monitored each for the analyte and the surrogate standard. The method was validated according to the latest European Union criteria for the analyses of veterinary drug residues in food. At all three fortification levels studied (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 μg kg-1) the method was accurate to within 15%. The repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibilities were <12 and 18%, respectively. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were both <0.1 μg kg-1. The procedure provides a sensitive and reliable method for the determination of residues of chloramphenicol in honey. Numerous raw honeys of various geographical origins were analysed, showing extensive contamination particularly those of Chinese origin.

The Influence of Oxygen and Nitrogen on the Radiolysis of Chloramphenicol

This study investigates the influence of oxygen and nitrogen on the radiolysis of chloramphenicol (CAP). The drug substance was irradiated with 25, 50 and 100 kGy (60Co-source) under nitrogen, oxygen and ambient atmosphere, respectively. The content and the impurity profile of CAP were determined with several analytical methods. The content was determined by HPLC as well as by DSC. No significant (p = 95%) difference was found between CAP irradiated under oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere. Purity analysis of CAP was determined by liquid chromatography and by two thin-layer chromatographic systems. Nitrogen was found to act as a scavenger. Several degradation products decreased under nitrogen atmosphere. Oxygen neither increased the sum of impurities significantly nor induced any new radiolytical products. Furthermore, oxygen also showed a scavenging effect. The extent of the radiolysis of CAP (0.5–1.0%) was on an acceptable level. The known impurities 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzoic acid amounted to less than 0.10%. AMPD and two further known impurities were above a threshold of 0.1 %.

One Step Assay for Serum Chloramphenicol by HPLC

Abstract Because of the ability of chloramphenicol to provoke concentration-related adverse effects, it is recommended that regular blood estimations should be made during treatment of all patients(1). Analysis of chloramphenicol by HPLC has particular advantages to offer such as low sample volume requirement and good specificity.

Therapeutic drug monitoring in a pediatric laboratory.

Therapeutic drug monitoring using a new and faster high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is discussed. Analysis of chloramphenicol and succinate esters and a large number of anticonvulsive drugs can be carried out using the same buffer and reverse-phase HPLC column by changing the solvent concentration to reflect the choice of drugs. A buffer prepared from 0.02 M sodium acetate and trifluoroacetic acid provides an optimal mobile phase for separation of a wide variety of drugs commonly used in pediatric medicine. Sample preparation and the use of special internal standards without extensive extractions provides excellent accuracy, reliability and sensitivity, and requires a minimum of preparation.