Analysis Of Biochemical Components Research Articles

Insights into lipid accumulation features of Coccomyxa sp. IITRSTKM4 under nutrient limitation regimes

Microalgal lipids are deemed to be the most promising alternative to petroleum fuels, enduring the pressure of fuel scarcity. Screening oleaginous microalgae from natural habitats are imperative, as novel strains producing enhanced biofuel components can make them economically viable. The present investigation involves the isolation and characterization of a novel microalga Coccomyxa sp. IITRSTKM4, under nitrogen (N)-, phosphorus (P)-, and sulfur (S)- limitation The reduction in biomass and chlorophyll content of nutrient-starved cells was compensated with stable PSII efficiency and enhanced cellular lipid content. The maximum lipid content ( ∼ 41 %) and lipid productivity (22 ± 2.2 mg/L/d) were achieved under N-deficiency and synergistic NPS-limitation, respectively. However, S-deficient cells resulted in increased carbohydrate content ( ∼ 33%). Further, analysis of biochemical components suggested that protein pools were diverted towards the synthesis of storage molecules (lipid/carbohydrate), aiding cell survival under nutrient starvation. FAME profiling of obtained lipid indicated that it majorly contains C16–C18 fatty acids. The estimated biodiesel quality index parameters have complied with the American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) standards, thus establishing Coccomyxa sp. IITRSTKM4 a suitable candidate for biodiesel production. Moreover, the production of lipid and carbohydrate under N- and S-deficiency evidences the versatility of the strain for producing biofuels. • Novel oleaginous microalgal strain isolated from water of Ganga Ghat, Haridwar. • Lipid accumulation under different nutrient regimes was investigated. • N/P deficiency improved lipid, whereas S-deficiency increased carbohydrate content. • Maximum lipid productivity was achieved in synergistic N/P/S-limitation. • Biodiesel properties complied with international fuel standards.

Evaluation of Meat from Native Chickens: Analysis of Biochemical Components, Fatty Acids, Antioxidant Dipeptides, and Microstructure at Two Slaughter Ages.

This study examined biochemical components, fatty acids, antioxidant dipeptides, and muscle fiber density of breast and thigh muscles from Korean new native chicken strains (A and B) at two slaughter ages, compared with white semi-broiler (W) or broilers. The pH values were different by chicken breed. The new native strains had the lowest fat content in the breast at 12 wk (p<0.05). Regardless of the muscles, A and B at 12 wk had higher levels of arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6), and nervonic acid (C24:1) than broilers (p<0.05). A similar result was observed for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids ratio (P/S) content in the breast. Irrespective of the muscles, A and B enriched with omega-3 fatty acids had a lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio than broilers (p<0.05) at 12 wk. Of the antioxidant di-peptides, the anserine contents were highest in A and B than in the W or broilers (p<0.05), regardless of the muscles and slaughter ages. Furthermore, the breast meat from A and B contained a higher muscle fiber density for both slaughter ages than the W and broilers (p<0.05). Based on these findings, even if the commercial birds (broilers or W) are raised under the similar environmental conditions as A and B, the new native chicken strains have distinct meat quality attributes, particularly higher ARA and DHA levels, lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio, and higher anserine contents.

COMPARANDO O DESEMPENHO DE DOIS ANALISADORES DE MASSAS (FT-ICR MS &amp; LTQ MS): UMA AULA EXPERIMENTAL SOBRE ANÁLISE DE COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS

COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO MASS ANALYZERS (FT-ICR MS &amp; LTQ MS): AN EXPERIMENTAL CLASS ON ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a high-performance analytical technique that allows a measurement of the mass/charge (m/z) ratio of compounds present in a sample. MS is able to separate two m/z ions with determined values (mass resolution), being an important characteristic, especially in the analysis of biochemical components and complex mixtures. Mass analyzers define the resolving power and accuracy of different types of mass spectrometers. Herein, the performance of two mass analyzers (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotronic Resonance (FT-ICR) and quadrupole ion trap (LTQ)) was tested on low (Mw = 165-679 Da) and high (Mw = 783-8.58 kDa) molecular weight molecules (Phenacetin, Procaine, Benzocaine, Caffeine anhydrous, Lidocaine, two metal porphyrin standards, the first cobalt and the second vanadium, and two protein standards, Ubiquitin and Beauvericin), and finally, for an oil sample. LTQ-MS and FT-ICR-MS had similar performance and high reproducibility. However, the mass accuracy and resolution power of the FT-ICR (error lower than 5 ppm and RP higher than 400,000) was higher, being therefore, it was more suitable for the analysis of proteins and oil, for instance. On the other hand, the CID analysis via LTQ demonstrated its applicability in fragmentation experiments, being able to determinate the chemical connectivity of organic compounds in non-complex mixtures.

Label-free screening of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells using electroporation assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering combined with statistical algorithms

Analysis of biochemical components in living cells is essential for early screening of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of using electroporation assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis methods to discriminate ICC cells (HCCC-9810 cell line) from normal liver cells (Lo2 cell line) with the aim to develop a label-free and fast method for ICC cell screening. Electroporation technology was employed to deliver silver nanoparticles into living cells and then high quality SERS spectra were successfully measured from 100 ICC cells and 100 normal liver cells. There were significant differences in SERS spectra between ICC cells and normal cells, which indicated special changes in the content of biomolecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipid in different cell lines. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithms, high diagnostic sensitivity (97%), specificity (96%) and accuracy (96.5%) were achieved for distinguishing ICC cells and normal cells. This exploratory work demonstrates that the electroporation-assisted SERS technique combined with PCA-LDA diagnostic algorithms has great potential for detecting and screening of cancer cell.

The spontaneous combustion mechanism of sawdust from the aspect of biochemical components

Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are generally recognized as the main components of sawdust. In this paper, the spontaneous combustion mechanism of sawdust was studied from the aspect of these components. The thermogravimetry analysis and biochemical component analysis showed that the lignin decomposed evidently at the induction period of thermal decomposition of sawdust, and the lignin contents of sawdust also presented positive correlation with their spontaneous combustion risk. Scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectra were implemented further. The results showed that: the cellulose remained stable at the induction period; for hemicellulose, the oxidation reaction took place, but it was very weak. However, for lignin, the dehydration reaction (loss hydroxyl group of alcohols) took place evidently so that the lignin exhibited an apparent porous structure. Therefore, the dehydration reaction of lignin might greatly affect the spontaneous combustion of sawdust.

Removal of phthalates and other contaminants from municipal wastewater during cultivation of Wolffia arrhiza

Abstract The usefulness of Wolffia arrhiza for decontamination of waters from phthalates and other organic compounds was studied using artificial growing medium and real municipal wastewater samples. The eight most frequently detected phthalates were considered: dimethyl (DMP), diethyl (DEP), dipropyl (DnPP), dibutyl (DnBP), diisobutyl (DIBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP), diizoheptyl (DIHP) and diizononyl (DINP). The reduction of phthalates concentration observed during seven days of W. arrhiza cultivation on artificial growing medium was between 78.9 and 99.7%. Kinetics of phthalates degradation by W. arrhiza in real effluent wastewater was similar to those with laboratory-made solutions. The significant removal of nutrients (75–78%) and reduction of oxygen demand (93–97%) was achieved during cultivation of W. arrhiza. Purification efficiency of non-treated municipal wastewater with W. arrhiza was better than obtained with the use of Lemna minor, which is wide used in constructed wetlands, and not much worse than those obtained in conventional Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Analysis of biochemical components, stress markers and antioxidant activity in W. arrhiza shows its good acclimation to high pollution of aquatic environment.

Quantitative analysis of biochemical components in the suprachoroidal space fluid of choriodal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Objective To investigate the nature of the suprachoroidal fluid by detecting the concentration of total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (CHOL), total bilirubin (TBIL) in suprachoroidal liquid of patients who have rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroid detachment (RRDCD). Methods Eighteen RRDCD patients (18 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy were enrolled in this study. There were 10 males (10 eyes) and 8 females (8 eyes), 8 right eyes and 10 left eyes. There were 8 patients with age of ≤55 years, 10 patients with age of >55 years. There were 7 patients with duration of ≤30 days, 11 patients with duration of >30 days. There were 7 eyes with diopters of ≥−6.0 D, 11 eyes with diopters of <−6.0 D. There were 11 eyes with class C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), 7 eyes with class D PVR. Suprachoroidal fluid samples were collected from all the patients, and took preoperative serum samples as RRDCD group. Ten serum samples of normal people were set as control group. The concentration of TP, LDH, ALB, CHOL, TBIL in all the subjects were measured. The properties of the suprachoroidal fluid were identified by Light standard and concentration standard of ALB, CHOL, TBIL. Results There was no difference on the concentration of TP, LDH, ALB, CHOL, TBIL from suprachoroidal fluid samples in the patients with different age, sex, eyes, diopter, PVR grade (P>0.05). There was no difference on the concentration of TP, LDH, ALB, CHOL, TBIL from preoperative serum samples in the patients between RRDCD group and control group (P>0.05). There was no difference on the concentration of ALB and CHOL from suprachoroidal fluid samples and preoperative serum samples in the RRDCD patients (P>0.05), but there were significant differences on the concentration of TP, LDH, TBIL (P 0.05). Conclusion The suprachoroidal fluid of RRDCD patients composed of TP, LDH, CHOL and TBIL. The suprachoroidal fluid is more likely to be exudate. Key words: Retinal detachment/etiology; Choroid diseases/etiology; Retinal perforations/complications; Exudates and transudates

Development of a classification model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in developed countries [1]. A subset of individuals with NAFLD progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD which predisposes individuals to cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The current gold standard for NASH diagnosis and staging is based on histological evaluation, which is largely semi-quantitative and subjective. To address the need for an automated and objective approach to NASH detection, we combined Raman micro-spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to develop a classification model based on a well-established NASH mouse model, using spectrum pre-processing, biochemical component analysis (BCA) and logistic regression. By employing a selected pool of biochemical components, we identified biochemical changes specific to NASH and show that the classification model is capable of accurately detecting NASH (AUC=0.85-0.87) in mice. The unique biochemical fingerprint generated in this study may serve as a useful criterion to be leveraged for further validation in clinical samples.

Quantifying glucose and lipid components in human serum by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistics.

Raman spectroscopy has been employed in the quantitative analysis of biochemical components in human serum. This study aimed to develop a spectral model to estimate the concentration of glucose and lipid fractions in human serum, thus evaluating the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy technique for diagnostic purposes. A total of 44 samples of blood serum were collected from volunteers submitted to routine blood biochemical assay analysis. The biochemical concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and high-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) were obtained by colorimetric method. Serum samples (200μL) were submitted to Raman spectroscopy (830nm, 250mW, 50-s accumulation). The spectra of sera present peaks related to the main constituents, particularly proteins and lipids. A quantitative model based on partial least squares (PLS) regression has been developed to estimate the concentration of these compounds, taking the biochemical concentrations assayed by the colorimetric method as sample's actual concentrations. The PLS model based on leave-one-out cross-validation approach estimated the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol with r = 0.98 and 0.96, and root mean square error of 35.4 and 15.9mg/dL, respectively. For the other biochemicals, the r was ranging from 0.75 to 0.86. These results evidenced the possibility of performing biochemical assay in blood serum samples by Raman spectroscopy and PLS regression and may be employed as a means of diagnosis in routine clinical analysis.

Multivariate analysis of fatty acid and biochemical constitutes of seaweeds to characterize their potential as bioresource for biofuel and fine chemicals

In the present study bio prospecting of thirty seaweeds from Indian coasts was analyzed for their biochemical components including pigments, fatty acid and ash content. Multivariate analysis of biochemical components and fatty acids was done using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) to manifest chemotaxonomic relationship among various seaweeds. The overall analysis suggests that these seaweeds have multi-functional properties and can be utilized as promising bioresource for proteins, lipids, pigments and carbohydrates for the food/feed and biofuel industry.

Movilización y utilización de los sustratos energéticos de &lt;i&gt;Arca zebra&lt;/i&gt; (Bivalvia: Arcidae) en relación con el ambiente

El análisis de los componentes bioquímicos en especies marinas para el consumo humano tiene una gran importancia, ya que permite conocer las propiedades alimenticias y energéticas del organismo. En el presente estudio, se evaluó el perfil bioquímico en tejidos de Arca zebra en relación con los factores ambientales, con la finalidad de ser utilizado como indicador de la dinámica reproductiva y de los periodos de engorde de este importante recurso pesquero. Se analizaron 20 organismos/mes, entre julio de 2010-julio de 2011. A cada organismo se le determinó el largo total (LT) y se separaron los tejidos, los cuales se llevaron hasta peso constante para realizarles los análisis bioquímicos mediante espectrofotometría. Se establecieron diferencias mensuales en la LT, con un promedio anual de 69.61 mm, manteniéndose por encima de la talla comercial. Los carbohidratos y las proteínas mostraron diferencias entre meses, con valores máximos en marzo y julio de 2011, siendo el músculo quien registró el mayor contenido de ambos sustratos energéticos, asociados a los altos niveles de clorofila a. Se observó una relación inversa entre los carbohidratos y las proteínas en los tres tejidos con respecto a la masa gonadal, sugiriendo una posible transferencia durante el proceso reproductivo de A. zebra. En las gónadas se registró el mayor contenido de lípidos, sin variación mensual, debido a la sincronía reproductiva de la especie. A. zebra muestra su mejor condición nutricional durante los periodos comprendidos entre septiembre-diciembre y marzo-junio, en estos meses se recomienda su comercialización e ingesta.

Quantitative Raman spectral changes of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into islet-like cells by biochemical component analysis and multiple peak fitting.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into islet-like cells, providing a possible solution for type I diabetes treatment. To search for the precise molecular mechanism of the directional differentiation of MSC-derived islet-like cells, biomolecular composition, and structural conformation information during MSC differentiation, is required. Because islet-like cells lack specific surface markers, the commonly employed immunostaining technique is not suitable for their identification, physical separation, and enrichment. Combining Raman spectroscopic data, a fitting accuracy-improved biochemical component analysis, and multiple peaks fitting approach, we identified the quantitative biochemical and intensity change of Raman peaks that show the differentiation of MSCs into islet-like cells. Along with increases in protein and glycogen content, and decreases in deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid content, in islet-like cells relative to MSCs, it was found that a characteristic peak of insulin (665 cm-1) has twice the intensity in islet-like cells relative to MSCs, indicating differentiation of MSCs into islet-like cells was successful. Importantly, these Raman signatures provide useful information on the structural and pathological states during MSC differentiation and help to develop noninvasive and label-free Raman sorting methods for stem cells and their lineages.

Traditional landraces of rice for blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) resistance and analysis of biochemical components involved in disease reaction

Rice blast disease is the major biotic threat to rice production and the pathogen Magnoporthe oryzae is highly genetically diverse. Rice germplasm are the important reservoirs of valuable traits possessing specialty uses and tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study was aimed to evaluate the collected landraces of rice against blast and to understand the biochemical changes in landraces in response to blast infection. Field evaluation of 186 rice landraces collected from Karnataka state, along with improved lines resulted in identification of land races with consistent resistance to blast. The key biochemical factors involved in disease reaction, Phenol, orthodihydroxy phenol, protein and enzyme PAL at different crop growth stages was studied. Total phenol, OD phenol and PAL accumulation and increase were rapid and more in resistant landraces as well as in improved lines due to blast infection. Landrace Beesginsali, Siddasala and Casebatta showed highly resistant reaction with disease grade either 1 or 0 and lesion type A or B. Enhancement of defense responsive biochemical components was quick and more in these landraces. These resistant landraces may serve as source of novel allele/genes to blast for future study.

Biochemical changes in cotyledons of germinating mung bean seeds from summer and rainy seasons

Biochemical changes during germination in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] seedlings were studied during summer and rainy seasons. Activities of α-amylase and protease, concentrations of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, total nitrogen and free amino acids were studied at an interval of 12 h till 120 h. The results on the analysis of biochemical components showed that biochemical behavior of germinating seedlings varied in seed lots collected during summer and rainy seasons. Seeds collected from summer season had lower levels of germination percentage along with lower levels of activities for α-amylase, protease, soluble sugars, free amino acids and soluble proteins as compared to that from rainy season seeds.

Comparison of principal component analysis and biochemical component analysis in Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination of apoptosis and necrosis in K562 leukemia cells: errata

Comparison of principal component analysis and biochemical component analysis in Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination of apoptosis and necrosis in K562 leukemia cells: errata

Comparison of principal component analysis and biochemical component analysis in Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination of apoptosis and necrosis in K562 leukemia cells

Raman spectroscopy has been explored as a promising label-free technique in discriminating apoptosis and necrosis induced cell death in leukemia cells. In addition to Principal component analysis (PCA) as commonly employed in Raman data analysis, another less commonly used but powerful method is Biochemical Component Analysis (BCA). In BCA, a Raman spectrum is decomposed into the contributions from several known basic biochemical components, such as proteins, lipid, nucleic acids and glycogen groups etc. The differences in terms of classification accuracy and interpretability of resulting data between these two methods in Raman spectroscopy have not been systematically investigated to our knowledge. In this study, we utilized both methods to analyze the Raman spectra measured from live cells, apoptotic and necrotic leukemia cells. The comparison indicates that two methods yield comparable accuracy in sample classification when the numbers of basic components are equal. The changes in the contributions of biochemical components in BCA can be interpreted by cell biology principles in apoptosis and necrosis. In contrast, the contributions of most principle components in PCA are difficult to interpret except the first one. The capability of BCA to unveil fine biochemical changes in cell spectra and excellent accuracy in classification can impel the broad application of Raman spectroscopy in biological research.

Analysis of biochemical components in muscle and nutritional evaluation of Schizothorax yunnanensis.

Nutritional components in muscle of Schizothorax yunnanensis collected from Miju River of Erhai upriver were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that the content of protein and fat were 16.86% and 1.15%,respectively.The content of saturated fatty acid,single unsaturated fatty acid,polyunsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid were 27.92%,42.44%,15.35% and 41.50%,respectively.The sum of C20:5 and C22:6 was 1.67%.The content of total amino acid,essential amino acid and delicious amino acid were 78.50 mg·100 mg-1,36.86 mg·100 mg-1 and 27.95 mg·100 mg-1,respectively.The content of Lys was 8.66 mg·100 mg-1,only less than Glu.The AAS and CS of Met+Cys were 89 and 66,respectively,they were restrictive amino acids for S.yunnanensis.

Relationship between semen parameters and mercury concentrations in blood and in seminal fluid from subfertile males in Hong Kong

Relationship between semen parameters and mercury concentrations in blood and in seminal fluid from subfertile males in Hong Kong

Highly Sensitive Biochemical Analysis Using Low-Temperature Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements

A sensitive infrared spectroscopic analysis of biochemical components in an aqueous solution is described. The infrared spectrum of an aqueous solution containing glucose, urea, and creatinine was measured at −4.7 °C by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal. The infrared absorption bands of these components increased by about 100 times at −4.7 °C as compared with those measured at 22 °C. This increase in the infrared absorption bands was found to occur because of segregation of the components toward the surface of the ATR crystal caused by solidification of the sample solution. The creatinine concentration in an aqueous solution, prepared in the physiological range of human blood, was also estimated at −4.7 and 22 °C by using the partial least-squares (PLS) method. The correlation coefficient between the predicted concentrations by PLS and the prepared concentrations was 0.95 at −4.7 °C, but was 0.07 at 22 °C. Thus, the precision of the determination of creatinine was remarkably improved by using the low-temperature measurement. Index Headings: Biochemical analysis; Low-temperature infrared spectroscopy; Solidification.

An energy budget for the free-swimming and metamorphosing larvae of Balanus balanoides (Crustacea: Cirripedia)

Analysis of biochemical components and measurements of oxygen consumption rates of cypris larvae of Balanus balanoides (L.) maintained in the laboratory at 10°C for up to 5 weeks after capture shows that lipid is the primary energy reserve, although later protein is utilised. Initially, the cyprids swim freely with an oxygen consumption rate of ca. 37×10-3 μl O2 h-1 cyprid-1, but within a few days the rate falls to ca. 21×10-3 μl O2 h-1 cyprid-1 when they cease swimming and explore the substratum. The cost of metamorphosis was calculated both from the loss of biochemical components and oxygen consumption rates during metamorphosis; the values were 2.8×10-2 and 3.2×10-2 cal cyprid-1, respectively. A budget was collated from the data on respiration and biochemical composition, whereby the energy per cyprid was partitioned into that required for essential structural components (6.8×10-2 cal), that needed for metamorphosis (3.0×10-2 cal) and an excess available for swimming and exploring, which in the batches studied was about 5.0×10-2 cal. This excess is mainly derived from the utilisation of lipid reserves and is used up usually 2 1/2 to 4 weeks after capture. During these measurements, samples of cyprids were taken at weekly intervals to test the rate of settlement and success of metamorphosis. The results showed that they lose their competence to metamorphose successfully approximately at the same time (3 to 4 weeks) that the energy supply for swimming and exploration is used up.