Analysis Of Bioactive Components Research Articles

Selective extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves using human serum albumin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract In a novel procedure, human serum albumin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (HSA-MNPs) were used to selectively extract nine flavonoids in the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The chemical structures of those flavonoids were characterized with high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). The selective extraction with HSA-MNPs coupled with structural elucidation with HPLC–MS shows powerful potential for analysis of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicines.

GC–MS analysis of bioactive components and synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Ammannia baccifera aerial extract and its larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors

The present study deals with cost effective and environment friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticle from the aqueous aerial extract of Ammannia baccifera as reducing agent and to investigate the larvicidal activity of synthesized Silver nanoparticles. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the quantitative formation of silver nanoparticles. The characteristics of the obtained Silver nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The EDX spectrum of Silver nanoparticles solution confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal. Fourth instars larvae of two mosquitoes species Anopheles subpictus and Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of A. baccifera and synthesized silver nanoparticles for 24h to analyze the larvicidal effect. In the present study, aqueous extract of A. baccifera with LC50=257.61 against the larvae A. subpictus and LC50=210.88 against the larvae C. quinquefasciatus. The synthesized Silver nanoparticles shown significant toxic effects against the larvae of A. subpictus with an LC50=29.54ppm and against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus LC50=22.32ppm. The present study of the GC–MS analysis showed, 34 bioactive phytochemical compounds have been found to possess a wide range of activities, which may help in the protection against incurable diseases.‘

Determination of Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Activity in Foods using Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: A Review

Developing rapid analytical methods for bioactive components and predicting both the concentration and biological availability of nutraceutical components in foods is a topic of growing interest. Here, analysis of bioactive components and total antioxidant activity in food matrices using infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric predictive models is described. Infrared spectroscopy offers an alternative to wet chemistry, chromatographic determination of antioxidants, and in vitro biochemical assays for assessment of antioxidant activity. Spectroscopic methods provide a technique that can be used with biological tissues without extraction, which can often lead to degradation of the antioxidant components. Sample preparation time greatly decreases and analysis time is very short once a predictive model has been developed. Spectroscopic methods can have a high degree of precision when applied to analysis of nutraceutical compound concentration and antioxidant activity in foods. This article summarizes recent advances in vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics and applications of these methods for antioxidant detection in foods.

Three-dimensional cell bioreactor coupled with high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the affinity screening of bioactive components from herb medicine

An efficient and convenient method, three-dimensional (3-D) cell bioreactor coupled with high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed for affinity screening and analysis of multiple bioactive components from herbal medicines. Cancer cells were cultured on a porous scaffold to form a 3-D cell bioreactor. After interacting with live and fixed cells, the HPLC fingerprinting chromatograms of herbal medicine extract were compared to evaluate the binding properties of herbal components on cells. Model anticancer drugs (paclitaxel and resveratrol) and non-anticancer drugs (ketoprofen and penicillin G) were chosen to investigate the feasibility. When cell–drug interaction time was 30min, the binding degrees of paclitaxel and resveratrol (each 15μg/ml) were 82.2±7.2% and 66.1±4.1%, and for ketoprofen and penicillin G (each 15μg/ml) were less than 3%. This method was used to screen bioactive components from Polygonum cillinerve (Nakai) Ohwi (PCO) extract, and the binding degrees of two main components in PCO extract (10μg/ml), aristolochic acid A and aristolochic acid B, were 63.0±5.1% and 18.8±0.9%, respectively. These results demonstrated that this method was highly specific, efficient and convenient for affinity screening and analysis of bioactive components interacted with cells.

The combined use of constrained total-line-shape 1H NMR and LC–MS/MS for quantitative analysis of bioactive components in yellow onion

Onions (Allium cepa L.) are an important source of bioactive compounds including flavonoids, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), thiosulfinates and other sulfur compounds, and many of these compounds have potential beneficial properties for human health. Onion metabolites have traditionally been analyzed separately using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). However, it has recently been found that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy represents a powerful tool for the simultaneous analysis of a large number of compounds from plants. Although the NMR quantification method provides excellent quantification of compounds with separated spectral lines, the method often produces overlapping signals, and an improved quantification method is needed. Here, we used a constrained total-line-shape (CTLS) approach to quantify overlapping metabolites from onion proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra. This method permitted the identification and quantification of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars; however, aromatic compounds excluding aromatic amino acids were difficult to analyze by NMR spectroscopy because of the small signal intensities produced by flavonols and their sugar derivatives. Metabolites present at low concentrations were successfully analyzed using the developed mass spectrometry method operating in the positive mode. The 1H NMR method developed here is an efficient technique for use in simultaneously analyzing compounds in a food matrix.

Future Prospects for the Analysis of Bioactive Components in Cereal Grain

Future Prospects for the Analysis of Bioactive Components in Cereal Grain

Antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds from six wild edible mushrooms of western ghats of Karnataka, India

Methanolic extracts of 6 wild edible mushrooms isolated from the Western Ghats of Karnataka were used in this study. Among the isolates (Lycoperdon perlatum, Cantharellus cibarius, Clavaria vermiculris, Ramaria formosa, Marasmius oreades, Pleurotus pulmonarius), only 4 showed satisfactory results. Quantitative analysis of bioactive components revealed that total phenols are the major bioactive component found in extracts of isolates expressed as mg of GAE per gram of fruit body, which ranged from 3.20 ± 0.05 mg/mL to 6.25 ± 0.08 mg/mL. Average concentration of flavonoid ranged from 0.40 ± 0.052 mg/mL to 2.54 ± 0.08 mg/mL; followed by very small concentration of ascorbic acid (range, 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/mL to 0.16 ± 0.01 mg/mL) in all the isolates. All the isolates showed high phenol and flavonoid content, but ascorbic acid content was found in traces. Antioxidant efficiency by inhibitory concentration on 1,1-Diphenly-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was found significant when compared to standard antioxidant like Buthylated hydroxyanisol (BHA). The concentration (IC50) ranged from 0.94 ± 0.27 mg/mL to 7.57 ± 0.21 mg/mL. Determination of antimicrobial activity profile of all the isolates tested against a panel of standard pathogenic bacteria and fungi indicated that the concentrations of bioactive components directly influence the antimicrobial capability of the isolates. Agar diffusion assay showed considerable activity against all bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the extracts of 4 isolates showed that they are also active even in least concentrations. These results are discussed in relation to therapeutic value of the studied mushrooms.

Development of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for the quantitative analysis of herbal medicine in biological fluids: a review

The development of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem MS/MS for the analysis of bioactive components and their metabolites of herbal medicines in biological fluids is reviewed with the aim of providing an overview of the current techniques and methods used. The issues and challenges associated with various stages of the analytical method development are discussed using Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng as case studies. LC-MS offers selectivity and specificity in both the chromatographic separation and detection steps. This is necessary in order to measure compounds at extremely low concentrations as is often observed in plasma and urine samples. Traditional methods of detection (UV-visible) do not offer sufficient selectivity and specificity needed. The strategies and pitfalls involved with the measurement of such compounds are discussed in this review. Matrix effects, 'unseen' matrix suppression and enhancement ionization effects can significantly reduce the accuracy and precision of the measurement. The impact of the correct choice of chromatography column formats on signal-to-noise ratio is also discussed. Analytical methods from sample preparation to mass spectrometric detection is outlined in order to provide good direction for analysts intent on the measurement of bioavailable compounds from herbal medicines in plasma and urine samples.

Binding study of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae with bovine serum albumin using centrifugal ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography

The screening and analysis of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is very important not only for the quality control of Chinese herbs but also for elucidating the therapeutic principles. This study developed a new method for screening and analyzing bioactive compounds from TCMs using centrifugal ultrafiltration coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. The method was successfully applied in the binding study of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 11 compounds were found to be bound with the BSA. Eight of them were positively identified as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, lonicerin, 3, 5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid and 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid. Another three compounds were tentatively identified as two isomers of chlorogenic acid and one isomer of di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid by comparing the UV data and MS data with the previous reports. Based on modern pharmacological study, these compounds are the major bioactive components in Lonicera japonica. Therefore, the proposed method could be a good approach to predicting the potential bioactivities of multiple compounds in TCMs simultaneously.

Biological fingerprinting analysis of the traditional Chinese prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction by on/off-line comprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography

A comprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography method using a silica-bonded human serum albumin (HSA) column and a RP-HPLC column was developed for the biological fingerprinting analysis of bioactive components in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, Longdan Xiegan Decoction (LXD). The biochromatography with HSA-immobilized stationary phase was applied to study the interaction of multiple components in LXD with HSA in the first dimension, and fractions of HSA column were further separated by a silica monolithic ODS column (on-line)/an ODS column (off-line) coupled with a diode array detector and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometer (APCI-MS). More than 100 compounds in LXD that interacted with the immobilized HSA were separated and analyzed. Among them 19 compounds were identified based on their retention values, UV spectra, molecular weights and mass spectra. The results show that the developed comprehensive two-dimensional biochromatography system reported here is capable of being used for biological fingerprinting analysis of natural products in complex matrices such as extracts of TCMs and their prescriptions.

Hypothesis of potential active components in Angelica sinensis by using biomembrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography

The screening and analysis of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is very important not only for the quality control of crude drugs but also for elucidating the therapeutic principle. In this study, a method for screening potential active components from TCMs was developed by using biomembrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the methodology, aqueous extract of Angelica sinensis (WEAS) was used, and four compounds were detected by HPLC in the desorption eluate of red cell membrane extraction for WEAS. The compounds were identified as ferulic acid, ligustilide, senkyunolide H and senkyunolide I based on their UV, MS and NMR spectra. Actually, ferulic acid and ligustilide are considered as major active components in Angelica sinensis. Therefore, this method may be applied to predict the potential bioactivities of multiple compounds in TCMs simultaneously.

Analysis of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicines by molecular biochromatography with alpha1-acid glycoprotein stationary phase.

Molecular biochromatography with alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) stationary phase was proposed to screen and analyse the biologically active components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with extracts from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae as a tested sample. More than ten peaks were resolved based on their affinity to AGP. The effects of concentrations of acetonitrile, pH, concentration of inorganic salt and temperature on the retention behaviors of several major active components were also investigated, and it was found that the hydrophobic effect is the major contributor to retention. Tanshinone IIA was identified as one of the principal bioactive components, which is the marker for the quality control of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and a complicated remedy named YiXiTongMai. The amount of tanshinone IIA in Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and YiXiTongMai determined by this method was 2.9 mg/g (net weight, RSD 4.9%, n=5) and 0.078 mg/g (net weight, RSD 2.5%, n=3), respectively. The possibility for fast differentiation of the TCM sources was also studied by the comparison of the fingerprint of chromatograms for eight typical TCMs on the AGP column. It was observed that different TCMs showed different fingerprint characteristics. Even for the same plant, Rhizoma cimicifugae from three different geographical sources, although there were common characteristics, distinct differences in types and concentrations of biologically active components were clearly observed. It was shown that molecular biochromatography was an effective and fast way for the analysis and screening of biologically active compounds in traditional Chinese medicines.