Analysis Of Behavior Research Articles

Machining behaviour analysis of PBF-LB warped components with internal lattice microstructures

Metal additive Powder Bed Fusion, Laser Based (PBF-LB) manufacturing offers significant improvements in the design of complex parts of inner components areas for several sectors, from dies and moulds, to blades and aerofoils. Generating internal structures helps to move fluids, work as heat exchanges, or achieve dramatic weight relief, only possible by additive manufacturing, concretely PBF-LB. Along with these designs, sculptured surfaces and warped surfaces are also common in blades and other aerodynamic pieces. However, it is mandatory that these designs accomplish the final required mechanical properties without surface damage and non-admissible dimensional deviations. In this study, the five-axis milling of a part containing internal structures has been investigated. Two types of PBF-LB Inconel® 718 blades were manufactured, one solid and one with internal microstructures. They were finished using two types of ball-ended mills, ball and barrel-lens tooltip. The analysis of the blade with internal structures shows better machining behaviour, dynamic behaviour, and surface quality.

Analysis of nonlinear bending behavior of nano-switches considering surface effects

Nano-switch structures are important control elements in nanoelectromechanical systems and have potential applications in future nanodevices. This paper analyzes the effects of surface effects, geometric nonlinearity, electrostatic forces, and intermolecular forces on the nonlinear bending behavior and adhesion stability of nano-switches. Based on the Von Karman geometric nonlinearity theory, four types of boundary conditions for the nano-switch structure were specifically calculated. The results show that surface effects have a significant impact on the nonlinear bending and adhesion stability of nano-switches. Surface effects increase the adhesion voltage of the nano-switch and decrease its adhesion displacement, and as the size of the nano-switch structure increases, the impact of surface effects decreases. A comparative analysis of the linear theory and the nonlinear theory results shows that the adhesion voltage predicted by the linear theory is smaller than that predicted by the nonlinear theory. The effect of geometric nonlinearity increases as the size of the nano-switch structure increases, as the distance between the electrodes increases, and as the aspect ratio of the nano-switch structure increases. These findings provide theoretical support and reference for the design and use of future nanodevices and nanoelectromechanical systems.

Experiment and simulation study on the functional fatigue of shape memory alloy beam actuators

The functional fatigue behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) beam actuators is gaining importance as their utilization in engineering applications becomes more widespread. However, research on the functional fatigue behavior of SMA beam actuators under bending conditions is not as extensive as that on SMA wires. In this paper, an experimental study and theoretical analysis of the functional fatigue behavior of SMA beam actuators were conducted. A measuring method for bending deflection and an automatic thermal cyclic test bench was designed. A series of functional fatigue tests were conducted on SMA beam actuators under different bias load conditions and the functional fatigue patterns were obtained. The material damage factor is defined and calculated through specimen tests. By incorporating the damage factor to modify the existing constitutive model, a model considering functional fatigue and tension-compression asymmetry is obtained. Finite element analysis (FEA) is performed based on this modified model to simulate the actuating performance of SMA beam actuators and to compute the deflection at different numbers of cycles. Additionally, a small parameter study on the actuator shape is conducted using FEA. By comparing the FEA results with functional fatigue experimental data, the effectiveness of the modified model is validated, demonstrating its capability to describe functional fatigue and predict actuator lifespan.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Employee Withdrawal Behaviour: Current Status, Development, and Future Research Directions

A Bibliometric Analysis of Employee Withdrawal Behaviour: Current Status, Development, and Future Research Directions

Miller capacitance reduction in negative capacitance TFETs

ABSTRACT A dielectric stacked hetero-gate topology is proposed to reduce the Miller capacitance in a negative capacitance double gate TFET. An analytical charge-based model is introduced for the analysis of the terminal capacitance behaviour of the device. Charge and capacitance models are developed using the surface potential modelling approach by solving the Poisson Equation. The proposed closed-form charge model is SPICE-compatible and can be used for circuit simulations. The model accuracy is validated by combining one-dimensional Landau–Khalatnikov equation with the two-dimensional simulations of the double gate stacked-hetero-gate tunnel field effect transistor. The model shows excellent agreement with device simulations. The proposed topology exhibits Miller capacitance reduction of 30% which results in the gain band width product improvement of 43% more than the stacked homo-gate counterpart.

Observation system for the technical-tactical analysis of judo by the Rio 2016 Olympic champions.

An observational methodology system has been designed which allows the observation and analysis of the technical-tactical behaviour and interaction of judokas during competition. The observation instrument (JUTACTIC) is composed of 8 fixed criteria that provide information related to the competition and the competitors and 13 variable criteria that, throughout the intrasessional monitoring of each combat, allow the behaviour displayed by both judokas and their interaction to be recorded. From an observational sample consisting of matches from the Rio 2016 Olympic champions and the corresponding samples made using the LINCE PLUS software, evidence of validity, reliability, generalizability and applicability of the observation system is provided. The content validity of the observation instrument has been endorsed by a panel of experts (n = 11). Intra and inter-observer reliability has been guaranteed from the results obtained in the Fleiss Kappa and the Krippendorff Alpha. The generalizability analysis with the design structure [Category] [Participants] / [Matches] has confirmed that around seven matches are needed to accurately analyse the behaviour of the competitor under study. The practical application possibilities of the observation instrument has been shown with an example of the results obtained and the regular behaviour structures detected (T-patterns) using the THEME software.

Financial Literacy and Investment Choices: Unravelling the Knowledge-behaviour Gap among Women

Uncovering the knowledge-behaviour gap is the main goal of this research article, which explores the relationship between women's financial literacy and investment decision-making. This study attempts to clarify the variables causing differences in women investors' financial knowledge and their actual investing behaviours, acknowledging the importance of making educated financial decisions. With a thorough study approach that includes surveys, interviews, and behavioural analysis, we aim to determine the main factors impacting women's investing decisions as well as the degree to which financial literacy leads to wise choices. With an eye towards overcoming the observed gap, our studies attempt to illuminate the complex link between knowledge acquisition and real-world application in the financial domain.

Modeling travel mode choice behavior for planned special events using CPT-based HI-MADM approach

ABSTRACT Planned special events (PSEs) can significantly increase traffic demand, posing greater challenges than daily operations. In response, host cities often invest heavily in transportation upgrades. This study proposes a model integrating cumulative prospect theory (CPT) and multiple-attribute decision-making to understand mode choice behavior of PSE attendees. This integration enables direct extraction of traveler preference information, offering a more suitable description of the decision-making process. The decision matrix considers mode and attribute heterogeneity. The reference point for CPT is derived from previous PSE trips or commutes. Furthermore, this paper assesses asymmetric nonlinear sensitivity and distorted perceptions of different attributes. Analysis of mode-choice behavior for PSE participation, using survey data from Tianjin, China, validates the approach. It better characterizes PSE choice behaviors and demonstrates varying sensitivity to gains and losses, dependent on different attributes and distances. Thus, event planners should prioritize improving travel time and convenience to increase public transport mode share.

Behavioral and Transcriptomic Analyses in the Indoxacarb Response of a Non-Target Damselfly Species

Ischnura senegalensis, which widely spreads in paddy fields, has the potential to be used as a natural predator of insect pests. However, the application of insecticides in the field could pose a threat to the survival of I. senegalensis. Among these pesticides, indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide, is renowned for its broad-spectrum efficacy against numerous insect pests. In this study, we examined the toxicity of indoxacarb towards the larvae of I. senegalensis. Behavioral experiments and transcriptome analyses were conducted under indoxacarb treatments. Results revealed that indoxacarb induced abnormal body gestures and significant locomotory impairments, which could ultimately reduce the survival rate of the larvae in their natural habitat. Moreover, transcriptome analyses indicated that genes related to muscle function were significantly affected. Interestingly, at lower concentrations of indoxacarb (0.004 mg/L), the larvae seem to detoxify the indoxacarb with the aid of the cytochrome P450 gene. However, under higher concentrations (0.4 mg/L), the sensory abilities of the larvae were significantly diminished, and they were unable to degrade the toxicity of indoxacarb. Our study underscores the importance of carefully evaluating the impact of insecticides on non-target predatory insects before their widespread application.

Coupling intention and actions of vehicle–pedestrian interaction: A virtual reality experiment study

The interactions between vehicles and pedestrians are complex due to their interdependence and coupling. Understanding these interactions is crucial for the development of autonomous vehicles, as it enables accurate prediction of pedestrian crossing intentions, more reasonable decision-making, and human-like motion planning at unsignalized intersections. Previous studies have devoted considerable effort to analyzing vehicle and pedestrian behavior and developing models to forecast pedestrian crossing intentions. However, these studies have two limitations. First, they mainly focus on investigating variables that explain pedestrian crossing behavior rather than predicting pedestrian crossing intentions. Moreover, some factors such as age, sensation seeking and social value orientation, used to establish decision-making models in these studies are not easily accessible in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we explored the critical factors influencing the decision-making processes of human drivers and pedestrians respectively by using virtual reality technology. To do this, we considered available kinematic variables and analyzed the internal relationship between motion parameters and pedestrian behavior. The analysis results indicate that longitudinal distance and vehicle acceleration are the most influential factors in pedestrian decision-making, while pedestrian speed and longitudinal distance also play a crucial role in determining whether the vehicle yields or not. Furthermore, a mathematical relationship between a pedestrian’s intention and kinematic variables is established for the first time, which can help dynamically assess when pedestrians desire to cross. Finally, the results obtained in driver-yielding behavior analysis provide valuable insights for autonomous vehicle decision-making and motion planning.

Synthetic Data for Video Surveillance Applications of Computer Vision: A Review

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in synthetic data for several computer vision applications, such as automotive, detection and tracking, surveillance, medical image analysis and robotics. Early use of synthetic data was aimed at performing controlled experiments under the analysis by synthesis approach. Currently, synthetic data are mainly used for training computer vision models, especially deep learning ones, to address well-known issues of real data, such as manual annotation effort, data imbalance and bias, and privacy-related restrictions. In this work, we survey the use of synthetic training data focusing on applications related to video surveillance, whose relevance has rapidly increased in the past few years due to their connection to security: crowd counting, object and pedestrian detection and tracking, behaviour analysis, person re-identification and face recognition. Synthetic training data are even more interesting in this kind of application, to address further, specific issues arising, e.g., from typically unconstrained image or video acquisition conditions and cross-scene application scenarios. We categorise and discuss the existing methods for creating synthetic data, analyse the synthetic data sets proposed in the literature for each of the considered applications, and provide an overview of their effectiveness as training data. We finally discuss whether and to what extent the existing synthetic data sets mitigate the issues of real data, highlight existing open issues, and suggest future research directions in this field.

Analysis of Sound Propagation Behaviors for Supersonic Jet on Far Field Region by Computational Aero-Acoustics (CAA) Simulation

Noise emission is an essential issue for the aviation industry, as it harms health and induces various physiological responses. The noise generated by supersonic jets is very intense. It will cause fatigue and even damage the human hearing system in the surrounding area of jet operation. Besides, the experimental and prototyping cost for the jet model is prohibitive, and it is a vast project and process that takes a lot of time to run. The purpose of this study is to determine the sound propagation behaviours of a supersonic jet in the far-field region and to analyse the consequences of the velocity of a supersonic jet on sound propagation of supersonic jet by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational aeroacoustics (CAA) simulations. This study focused on the perspective of observing the distance of the receiver when receiving the sound propagation of a supersonic jet, the observed angle of the receiver when receiving the sound propagation of a supersonic jet, and the velocity of the supersonic jet. The CFD and CAA analyses were performed in transient state simulation and the 2-inch Acoustics Reference Nozzle (ARN2). The result shows that the overall SPL throughout the frequency is proportional to the jet velocity of the supersonic jet. However, the distance and angle of the receiver gave different results in sound propagation behaviour. The results also conclude that as the distance between the receiver and jet nozzle exit increases, the overall SPL trend will decrease throughout the frequency increase. As the vertical distance between the receiver and the axisymmetric line of the jet nozzle increases, the frequency of the receiver starts to observe will decrease.

Spatial diffusion of innovations: a spatial analysis of agricultural conservation behaviors in New York State

Spatial diffusion of innovations: a spatial analysis of agricultural conservation behaviors in New York State

The matrisome landscape controlling in vivo germ cell fates

The developmental fate of cells is regulated by intrinsic factors and the extracellular environment. The extracellular matrix (matrisome) delivers chemical and mechanical cues that can modify cellular development. However, comprehensive understanding of how matrisome factors control cells in vivo is lacking. Here we show that specific matrisome factors act individually and collectively to control germ cell development. Surveying development of undifferentiated germline stem cells through to mature oocytes in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line enabled holistic functional analysis of 443 conserved matrisome-coding genes. Using high-content imaging, 3D reconstruction, and cell behavior analysis, we identify 321 matrisome genes that impact germ cell development, the majority of which (>80%) are undescribed. Our analysis identifies key matrisome networks acting autonomously and non-autonomously to coordinate germ cell behavior. Further, our results demonstrate that germ cell development requires continual remodeling of the matrisome landscape. Together, this study provides a comprehensive platform for deciphering how extracellular signaling controls cellular development and anticipate this will establish new opportunities for manipulating cell fates.

Behavioral skills training for teaching safety skills to mental health service providers compared to training-as-usual: a pragmatic randomized control trial.

Violence in the healthcare workplace has been a global concern for over two decades, with a high prevalence of violence towards healthcare workers reported. Workplace violence has become a healthcare quality indicator and embedded in quality improvement initiatives of many healthcare organizations. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada's largest mental health hospital, provides all clinical staff with mandated staff safety training for self-protection and team-control skills. These skills are to be used as a last resort when a patient is at imminent risk of harm to self or others. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two training methods of this mandated staff safety training for workplace violence in a large psychiatric hospital setting. Using a pragmatic randomized control trial design, this study compares two approaches to teaching safety skills CAMH's training-as-usual (TAU) using the 3D approach (description, demonstration and doing) and behavioural skills training (BST), from the field of applied behaviour analysis, using instruction, modeling, practice and feedback loop. Staff were assessed on three outcome measures (competency, mastery and confidence), across three time points: before training (baseline), immediately after training (post-training) and one month later (follow-up). This study was registered with the ISRCTN registry on 06/09/2023 (ISRCTN18133140). With a sample size of 99 new staff, results indicate that BST was significantly better than TAU in improving observed performance of self-protection and team-control skills. Both methods were associated with improved skills and confidence. However, there was a decrease in skill performance levels at the one-month follow-up for both methods, with BST remaining higher than TAU scores across all three time points. The impact of training improved staff confidence in both training methods and remained high across all three time points. The study findings suggest that BST is more effective than TAU in improving safety skills among healthcare workers. However, the retention of skills over time remains a concern, and therefore a single training session without on-the-job-feedback or booster sessions based on objective assessments of skill may not be sufficient. Further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings in different settings.

The Eye in the Sky—A Method to Obtain On-Field Locations of Australian Rules Football Athletes

The ability to overcome an opposition in team sports is reliant upon an understanding of the tactical behaviour of the opposing team members. Recent research is limited to a performance analysts’ own playing team members, as the required opposing team athletes’ geolocation (GPS) data are unavailable. However, in professional Australian rules Football (AF), animations of athlete GPS data from all teams are commercially available. The purpose of this technical study was to obtain the on-field location of AF athletes from animations of the 2019 Australian Football League season to enable the examination of the tactical behaviour of any team. The pre-trained object detection model YOLOv4 was fine-tuned to detect players, and a custom convolutional neural network was trained to track numbers in the animations. The object detection and the athlete tracking achieved an accuracy of 0.94 and 0.98, respectively. Subsequent scaling and translation coefficients were determined through solving an optimisation problem to transform the pixel coordinate positions of a tracked player number to field-relative Cartesian coordinates. The derived equations achieved an average Euclidean distance from the athletes’ raw GPS data of 2.63 m. The proposed athlete detection and tracking approach is a novel methodology to obtain the on-field positions of AF athletes in the absence of direct measures, which may be used for the analysis of opposition collective team behaviour and in the development of interactive play sketching AF tools.

Advocating for a behavioural science approach to inclusion and diversity

In recent years the benefits of inclusion and diversity have become increasingly clear. Australian and international studies have demonstrated the significant improvements in innovation, productivity and growth that can be achieved when teams are both inclusive and diverse. However, meaningful progress requires moving beyond traditional diversity initiatives. This paper highlights the potential use of behavioural science to design successful implementation strategies to improve diversity and inclusion in the upstream energy industry. This paper will also provide guidance on how scientific methodologies can be applied to measure impact and return on investment (ROI), aligning the business case for diversity and inclusion with individual interventions. Behavioural science involves the observation, hypothesis, experiment and analysis of human behaviour to draw conclusions. It is now a leading school of thought at the world’s top research and learning organisations. This paper argues that by measuring outcomes of diversity and inclusion interventions through a behavioural science approach, organisations can make informed decisions, identify areas of improvement, and refine their strategies to improve ROI. This approach not only ensures that resources are invested effectively but also fosters a culture of continuous learning and adaptation, leading to sustainable and meaningful progress for all employees and stakeholders. Drawing on international research and local case studies, this paper showcases successful applications of behavioural science in transforming organisational cultures, creating safer and more inclusive workplaces. Ideas for quantitative and qualitative measurements are proposed for application in the upstream energy industry, with a particular focus on operational people and performance.

Analysis of the Flow Behavior and Pressure Fluctuation of a Pump Turbine with Splitter Blades in Part-Load Pump Mode

The internal flow of a pump turbine is unstable in part-load pump mode for small guide-vane openings, and the strong vibration caused by pressure pulsation is related to the safe and stable operation of the unit. A pump turbine with a six-splitter-blade runner was chosen for unsteady simulation analyses. A standard k-epsilon turbulence model was adopted to study the unsteady flow and pressure pulsation in part-load pump mode. The predicted results show that the flow in the draft tube and the runner with splitter blades was relatively stable and the flow of the blade-to-blade channel was symmetrical. When the inlet and outlet velocity distribution of the vanes was not uniform, a vortex began to form in the stay-vane domain. The reason for this vortex formation is explained, and it is pointed out that the existence of the vortex and backflow leads to uneven velocity distribution. The unsteady calculation results showed that the pressure-pulsation peak-to-peak amplitudes in the vaneless area and guide vanes were much higher than those of other monitor points because of rotor–stator interference between the rotating runner and the vanes. In addition, the pulsation characteristics of the monitor points at different circumferential positions in the vaneless region were quite different. In the vaneless area, the velocity gradient along the circumferential direction was very large, and there was a phenomenon of backflow. Also, the pressure pulsation was 0.2 times that of the runner rotational frequency, and the blade-passing frequency was a third-order frequency. At the outlet of the guide vane, the pressure pulsation was mainly of a low frequency with a complex vortex flow. Finally, the pressure pulsation began to decrease rapidly in the stay-vane region.

Nondegenerate Soliton Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Multi-component Maccari System

Abstract For the multi-component Maccari system with two spatial dimensions, nondegenerate one-soliton and twosoliton solutions are obtained with the bilinear method. And by drawing the spatial graphs of nondegenerate solitons, it can be seen that the real component of the system shows a cross-shaped structure, while the two solitons of the complex component show a multi-solitoff structure. At the same time, the asymptotic analysis of the interaction behavior of the two solitons was conducted, and it was found that under partially nondegenerate conditions, the real and complex components of the system experienced elastic collision and inelastic collision respectively.

Online Reading Comprehension Assessment of Primary School Students: Analysis of Testing Behavior Indicators

Online Reading Comprehension Assessment of Primary School Students: Analysis of Testing Behavior Indicators