Array Analysis Research Articles

Endometriosis does not impact aneuploidy rates of products of conception in IVF population

It has been debated whether endometriosis (EMS) adversely affects oocyte quality, potentially leading to a higher incidence of genetically unbalanced embryos or other egg factors that affect the developmental potential. In this study, we explored the effects of endometriosis on risk of chromosomally aberrant in miscarried products of conception (POC) after assisted reproductive treatment (ART), including fresh and frozen cycles. Miscarried POCs were collected from EMS patients (N = 102) and non-EMS patients (N = 441). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis was conducted on all collected samples. Propensity score matching (PSM, ratio of 1:4) based on maternal age was applied in data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for chromosomal aberration-induced miscarriage between the two cohorts. A total of 228 (41.99% of 543) conceptuses were identified as having chromosomal aberrations. The results showed that women with EMS had a significantly lower antral follicle count (AFC) (10 ± 5 vs. 14 ± 7, P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Additionally, the EMS group had a relatively lower anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), higher basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and fewer oocytes, (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the chromosomal aberration rate of POCs between EMS and non-EMS groups (35.29% vs. 43.54%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.79–1.35). This is the first study to show that EMS maybe associated with decreased ovarian reserve, but not related to chromosomal abnormalities in POCs. These results suggest that chromosomal abnormalities may not be the only cause of miscarriage in EMS patients.

Analysis and Modeling of Photovoltaic Arrays for Sustaining Power Generation in Geostationary Satellite Solar Panels using Machine Learning

Analysis and Modeling of Photovoltaic Arrays for Sustaining Power Generation in Geostationary Satellite Solar Panels using Machine Learning

A methodology for assessing and managing university awareness in the digital environment: A case of Russia’s federal districts

In the context of digitalization, a strong image of a university based on values, mission and unique features is a key factor influencing popularity in cyberspace. The article develops a methodology for assessing university awareness in the digital environment and determining its reputation through analysing the frequency of web queries in the Yandex search engine. The entrepreneurial university concept constitutes the theoretical framework of the study. The research method is a quantitative approach to statistical analysis of a continuous array of text data. Empirical data include official regulations on educational insti tutions, data from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service (Ross tat), and Yandex digital analytics. Our methodology involves assessing university names popular in cyberspace and comparing quantitative indicators of universities’ digital reputation. The paper presents Russia’s top-20 universities with highest awareness levels based on search queries, and the top-10 universities for all Russia’s federal districts (FDs). Six out of eight districts (exclud ing the Southern and North Caucasus FDs) are represented in the top-20 universities ranking. The Central FD, especially Moscow, generate the largest number of queries, which may indicate a high interest in the capital’s universities. The study specifies reputa tional risks associated with universities’ names in the charters, namely ambiguous abbreviations and a limited number of options. To avoid confusion, it is necessary to single out unique names and abbreviations and formalize the most common of them. One particular name should be used to enhance university awareness and attractiveness, which reduces reputational risks and, thus, creates a strong university image.

Aberrant Methylation of RUNX1 is Associated with the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause. RUNX1 is a transcription factor involved in immune responses, and its dysfunction leads to uncontrolled immune responses. We performed, to our knowledge, the first RUNX1 methylation analysis in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (denoted simply as AIP), a representative IgG4-RD. We conducted methylation array analysis on AIP samples using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array. We identified a potentially important RUNX1 methylation abnormality in AIP, which was further confirmed using the quantitative SYBR green methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (QSG-MSP) method. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed RUNX1 expression in lymphocytes in 11 lymph nodes with AIP (LN-AIP) and 20 lymph nodes with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA; LN-PDA). LN-AIP and LN-PDA refer to lymph nodes from patients with AIP and PDA, respectively. All selected PDA patients lacked lymph node metastases. By array analysis, RUNX1 was more highly methylated in LN-AIP than in LN-PDA (P = 0.0275). RUNX1 was also more highly methylated in LN-AIP than in LN-PDA by QSG-MSP validation (P = 0.0331). Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that RUNX1 expression was significantly lower in LN-AIP than in LN-PDA (P = 0.0250). Aberrant RUNX1 methylation and reduced expression may be characteristic of AIP. Further validation is warranted.

Maternal X chromosome pericentric inversion resulting in the genetic analysis of offspring pedigrees with deletions at Xp22.33 and Xp22.33p11.3, and duplications at Xq27.3q28: Case report.

This study investigates the genetic cause of primary infertility and short stature in a woman, focusing on maternal X chromosome pericentric inversion and its impact on offspring genetic outcomes, including deletions at Xp22.33 and Xp22.33p11.3, and duplications spanning Xq27.3 to the distal end of the X chromosome's long arm. The proband presented with primary infertility, menstrual irregularities, and ultrasound findings indicating a small uterus. Peripheral blood G-banded karyotype analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis revealed a 46,X,rec(X)dup(Xq)inv(X)(p11.3q27)dmat karyotype in the proband, inherited from her mother. Genetic testing identified pathogenic deletions at Xp22.33 and Xp22.33p11.3, and a pathogenic duplication at Xq27.3q28. Genetic counseling and pedigree analysis were conducted to trace the maternal origin of the pericentric inversion and assess recurrence risks. The study confirmed the maternal X chromosome pericentric inversion caused the observed genetic abnormalities, with a 50% recurrence risk for X-linked inheritance. Maternal X chromosome pericentric inversion significantly affects offspring genetic outcomes. Assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing, are recommended to reduce recurrence risks in future pregnancies. Prenatal genetic testing is advised for natural conception to ensure fetal genetic health.

Paraoxonase 1 ameliorates neurological symptoms and motor coordination impairment caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The anti-atherosclerotic effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) prevent the onset of cerebral infarction and provide cerebroprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. These inhibitory effects have been attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties. However, pharmacotherapeutic strategies to clinically realize these effects have not been demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to develop paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a hydrolytic enzyme associated with HDL that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as a novel therapeutic agent against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cerebral infarction. We established a method to extract PON1 from human plasma with high purity and recovery while maintaining its activity. The purified PON1 exhibited antioxidant activity against human-derived LDL and HDL. Furthermore, PON1 actively suppressed the oxidation chain reaction by hydrolyzing lipid peroxides. The HDL-binding ability of PON1 was evaluated based on its activity in fractionated HDL from mice administered PON1 intravenously, which showed that most intravenously administered PON1 specifically bound to HDL. The cerebroprotective effect of intravenously administered PON1 was assessed using a mouse middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion model by measuring infarct volume, long-term neurological scores, and walking time on a rotarod. Administration of PON1 after reperfusion reduced infarct volume 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion. Additionally, daily administration of PON1 for three days significantly improved neurological scores and walking time by approximately one month. Analysis of gene arrays in brain tissue indicated that PON1 suppresses biological functions and pathways associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and fibrosis. PON1 enhances the cerebroprotective effects of HDL and is a potential candidate for acute stroke therapy.

Evaluation of the Cardiotoxicity of Echinochrome A using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiac Organoids

Echinochrome A (EchA), a marine-derived natural product, has shown promise in treating cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its cardiac safety remains underexplored. In this study, we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids (hCOs) to validate their ability to model the cardiac safety profile of EchA in a human-relevant system. While EchA’s therapeutic effects have been reported, prior studies have not evaluated its cardiotoxicity or arrhythmogenic potential in a high-fidelity 3D human cardiac model. The hCOs, characterized by expression of key cardiac markers (cTnT) and functional ion channels (Cav1.2, Nav1.5, hERG), exhibited structural and electrophysiological properties reflective of human cardiac physiology. Using multi-electrode array (MEA) analysis, we assessed the effects of EchA at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 30µM on electrophysiological parameters, including beat period, field potential amplitude, field potential duration, and spike slope. EchA treatment induced no significant changes in these parameters, confirming its non-toxic electrophysiological profile. Cellular viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays revealed no cytotoxic effects of EchA across tested concentrations. Contractility assays further demonstrated that EchA did not affect contraction velocity, relaxation velocity, or time to 50% maximal contraction and relaxation. This study fills a critical gap and highlights the translational relevance of hCOs for cardiotoxicity assessment, demonstrating EchA's cardiac safety and supporting its potential therapeutic and environmental applications.

A Taguchi-based study on the control factors of reinforced composites with the fiber of coir and pineapple leaves.

The use of composite materials, whether metallic or non-metallic, is becoming more popular nowadays because of some of their superior characteristics compared to the use of wood and metallic materials alone. From this perspective, a new natural fiber reinforced composite by varying the fiber orientation was developed in this study using coir and pineapple leaf fiber. This work uses the Taguchi method to investigate the different effects of control factors on mechanical and physical characteristics of the fabricated natural fiber-based composites. Various control factors were used, including fiber ratios, angles of orientation, and mat types. The testing was conducted in accordance with ASTM standards, and the results were validated through various statistical analyses including Taguchi orthogonal array analysis, confirmation tests, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the analysis and validation, the highest mean impact strength was found 53.93J/cm2, tensile strength 31.94MPa, flexural strength 46.365MPa, Rockwell hardness number 77, and lower water absorption rate only 3.62%. From the confirmation test, margin of errors was found to be 4.84%, 2.59%, 2.35%, 6.62%, and 2.334% for impact, tensile, and flexural strength, Rockwell hardness, and water absorption test respectively. The variation of the experimental and predicted results was observed from the regression analysis, and it was 2.93 to 0.4J/cm2, 2.12 to 0.79MPa, 3.54 to 0.33MPa, 2.33 to 0.8 RHN, and 0.92%-0.13% for impact, tensile, and flexural strength, Rockwell hardness, and water absorption test respectively. Overall, ANOVA analysis was used to examine the effects of different control variables, and it was discovered that the angle of orientation of fibers had a substantial impact on flexural strength and water absorption rate were 72.30% and 70.89% respectively. Similarly, mat types on tensile strength and Rockwell hardness with 46.47% and 50.67% respectively. In addition, the impact strength was most significantly affected by the wt.% ratio of fibers, which was approximately 50.32%. From the above characteristics and their environmentally friendly behavior, these composites can be used in the place of synthetic fiber-based products.

Antigenic determinants underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to peanut.

Studies of human IgE and its targeted epitopes on allergens have been very limited. We have an established method to immortalize IgE encoding B cells from allergic individuals. To develop an unbiased and comprehensive panel of peanut-specific human IgE mAbs to characterize key immunodominant antigenic regions and epitopes on peanut allergens to map the molecular interactions responsible for inducing anaphylaxis. Using human hybridoma technology to immortalize IgE encoding B cells from peripheral blood of subjects with severe peanut allergy, we generated a panel of naturally occurring human IgE mAbs in an unbiased manner. Isolated IgE mAbs were characterized extensively in allergen binding assays, peptide array analysis, antigenic mapping, binding kinetic analysis, serum blocking, skin testing inhibition, and functional assessment using human FcεRI transgenic mice. We created a large panel of 54 peanut-specific IgE mAbs, of which 63% were specific for Ara h 2 and/or 6. Pairs of IgE mAbs with the same antigen-specificity but different binding sites were able to mediate passive systemic anaphylaxis in FcεRI transgenic mice. A single mAb targeting the repetitive motif on Ara h 2 was able to induce degranulation and anaphylaxis on its own. IgG1 switched-variant immunoglobulins of the IgE mAb inhibited patients´ IgE binding to peanut extract between 30-60% (ImmunoCAP) and reduced peanut extract-induced skin wheal sizes by 1.6-7.4 millimeters in peanut allergic patients. We created a molecular map of the IgE antibody response to the most important peanut allergen proteins to enable the design of new allergy immunotherapies and vaccines.

Response of miRNA to treatment with Hypericum perforatum L. oil in multiple sclerosis.

MicroRNA‑regulated gene expression plays an important role in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated the expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) in MS in brain tissues using an animal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model treated with Hypericum perforatum (HP) oil. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into two groups: MS and control. The MS group was subdivided into sham (MS) and MS+HP. After the EAE induction treatment protocol, the patterns of miRNA expression profiles were determined in brain samples of the groups. The array data identified eleven miRNAs and candidate miRNA validation was performed by RT‑qPCR. A literature review of the validated miRNAs found that six of the eleven miRNAs (miR‑200a‑3p, miR‑200b‑3p, miR‑200c‑3p, miR‑182‑5p, miR‑183‑5p, and miR‑1298‑5p) were directly associated with MS. These miRNAs have been suggested as biomarkers of MS because they are highly correlated with the pathology of the disease. Furthermore, miRNA array analysis identified five candidate miRNAs (miR‑299a‑5p, miR‑206‑3p, miR‑325‑5p, miR‑10b‑5p, miR‑429‑3p) that are highly likely to be associated with MS pathogenesis, which could be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of MS disease. This research offers vital insights that could be utilized in creating biomarkers and advancing treatments for MS.

Renal Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumors Exhibit Distinct Genomic and Epigenomic Features and Lack Recurrent Gene Fusions: Comprehensive Molecular Analysis of a Multi-institutional Series.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JxGCT) is a rare type of renal neoplasm demonstrating morphologic overlap with some mesenchymal tumors such as glomus tumor (GT) and solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Its oncogenic drivers remain elusive, and only a few cases have been analyzed with modern molecular techniques. In prior studies, loss of chromosomes 9 and 11 appeared to be recurrent. Recently, whole-genome analysis identified alterations involving genes of MAPK-RAS pathway in a subset, but no major pathogenic alterations have been discovered in prior whole transcriptome analyses. Considering the limited understanding of the molecular features of JxGCTs, we sought to assess a collaborative series with a multiomic approach to further define the molecular characteristics of this entity. Fifteen tumors morphologically compatible with JxGCTs were evaluated using immunohistochemistry for renin, single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP), low-pass whole-genome sequencing, and RNA sequencing (fusion assay). In addition, methylation analysis comparing JxGCT, GT, and SFT was performed. All cases tested with renin (n=11) showed positive staining. Multiple chromosomal abnormalities were identified in all cases analyzed (n=8), with gains of chromosomes 1p, 10, 17, and 19 and losses of chromosomes 9, 11, and 21 being recurrent. A pathogenic HRAS mutation was identified in one case as part of the SNP array analysis. Thirteen tumors were analyzed by RNA sequencing, with 2 revealing in-frame gene fusions: TFG::GPR128 (interpreted as stochastic) and NAB2::STAT6. The latter, originally diagnosed as JxGCT, was reclassified as SFT and excluded from the series. No fusions were detected in the remaining 11 cases; of note, no case harbored NOTCH fusions previously described in GT. Genomic methylation analysis showed that JxGCT, GT, and SFT form separate clusters, confirming that JxGCT represents a distinct entity (ie, different from GT). The results of our study show that JxGCTs are a distinct tumor type with a recurrent pattern of chromosomal imbalances that may play a role in oncogenesis, with MAPK-RAS pathway activation being likely a driver in a relatively small subset.

Seasonal, longitudinal, and latitudinal differences in the amount of precipitation in Russia during the years of maximum and minimum of solar actvity

An analysis of a large array of observation data (over ~50–80 years) for 456 meteorological stations in Russia revealed a distinct difference in the monthly amount of precipitation (DP) during years of maximum and minimum solar activity depending on months and seasons of the year and on latitudes and longitudes. Particularly large DP values are observed in the latitude belt of U = 40–55° N in the longitude range D = 20–40° E in October, DP being 13.6±2.2 mm, as well as in the longitude range D = 110–130° E in June, DP being −8.5±1.0 mm. In the zone of maximum influence of solar activity on the amount of precipitation, a study was conducted on the presence of a correlation between Wolf numbers and the amount of precipitation. As a result, a strong increase in the correlation was discovered in the case of a backward shift in the Wolf numbers, which argued in favor of the influence of solar activity on weather. The author is convinced of the physical significance of the correlation, because it is obtained from data from several geographical points. It is concluded that solar and geomagnetic activity can govern the development of internal instabilities of the atmosphere and thereby influence climate.

Russian Science in the OpenAlex System of Open Scientific Knowledge

OpenAlex is an actively developing open access resource and a promising alternative to commercial sources of bibliometric data. It is aimed at supporting open research practices and transforming the information ecosystem of global science. The current study is an analysis of the total array of publications presented on the OpenAlex platform, as well as a more detailed study of Russian researchers’ works indexed in this system of open scientific knowledge. To achieve this goal, information was collected, processed and arranged by years of publication, types and most relevant research topics, publishers, availability of datasets, citation rates (&amp;gt;50), their subject area distribution and other parameters. The study resulted in obtaining ready-made visualized data that made it possible to analyze publications written by Russian researchers in comparison with foreign sources, as well as to find out citation patterns, problems and prospects for science to enter the open science infrastructure. The share of publications by Russian researchers in the total array as of July 1, 2024 was no more than 1% (2,398,923), with a predominance of scientific articles in the flow. However, a significant increase in the number of publications has been recorded in the last two years. It is noted that an effective representation in the growing flow of open data and publications is possible through the popularization of open science ideas among researchers and the integration of Russian resources into the global open access information system. This will improve visibility, increase the impact of research results and citation rate of works, expand the geography of the readership and allow receiving other benefits of open access. The author concludes that OpenAlex can be used as an information resource to search for heterogeneous information and an alternative tool for bibliometric analysis. This is especially important for Russian researchers in the context of limited access to foreign licensed databases.

Glycan analysis probes inspired by human lectins for investigating host-microbe crosstalk.

Human lectins are critical carbohydrate-binding proteins that recognize diverse glycoconjugates from microorganisms and can play a key role in host-microbe interactions. Despite their importance in immune recognition and pathogen binding, the specific glycan ligands and functions of many human lectins remain poorly understood. Using previous proof-of-concept studies on selected lectins as the foundation for this work, we present ten additional glycan analysis probes (GAPs) from a diverse set of human soluble lectins, offering robust tools to investigate glycan-mediated interactions. We describe a protein engineering platform that enables scalable production of GAPs that maintain native-like conformations and oligomerization states, equipped with functional reporter tags for targeted glycan profiling. We demonstrate that the soluble GAP reagents can be used in various applications, including glycan array analysis, mucin-binding assays, tissue staining, and microbe binding in complex populations. These capabilities make GAPs valuable for dissecting interactions relevant to understanding host responses to microbes. The tools can be used to distinguish microbial from mammalian glycans, which is crucial for understanding the cross-target interactions of lectins in a physiological environment where both glycan types exist. GAPs have potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools for detecting glycan alterations in chronic diseases, microbial dysbiosis, and immune-related conditions.

A new human autologous hepatocyte/macrophage co-culture system that mimics drug-induced liver injury-like inflammation.

The development of in vitro hepatocyte cell culture systems is crucial for investigating drug-induced liver injury (DILI). One prerequisite for monitoring DILI related immunologic reactions is the extension of primary human hepatocyte (PHH) cultures towards the inclusion of macrophages. Therefore, we developed and characterized an autologous co-culture system of PHH and primary human hepatic macrophages (hepM) (CoC1). We compared CoC1 with a co-culture of the same PHH batch + M0 macrophages derived from THP1 cells (CoC2) in order to represent a donor independent macrophage reaction. Then, we treated the mono- and co-cultures with drugs that cause DILI-menadione (MEN, 1 or 10µM, 3h), diclofenac (DIC, 0.5 or 5mM, 6h), or acetaminophen (APAP, 0.5 or 5mM, 6h)-and assessed culture stability, cell activity, macrophage differentiation, cytokine production and cell viability. Without drug treatment, CoC1 was the most stable over a culture time of up to 60h. Cytokine array analysis revealed a proinflammatory profile of PHH mono-cultures due to isolation stress but showed different influences of hepM and M0 on the cytokine profile in the co-cultures. MEN, DIC and APAP treatment led to donor-dependent signs of cell stress and toxicity. HepM can either promote or reduce the DILI effects donor dependently in CoC1. CoC2 are slightly less sensitive than CoC1 in representing DILI. In summary, we present a new autologous co-culture system that can mimic DILI in a donor-dependent manner. This cellular system could be useful for new drug testing strategies and reducing animal testing.

Targeting ERBB3 and AKT to overcome adaptive resistance in EML4-ALK-driven non-small cell lung cancer

The fusion event between EML4 and ALK drives a significant oncogenic activity in 5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Even though potent ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) are successfully used for the treatment of EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC patients, a subset of those patients eventually acquire resistance during their therapy. Here, we investigate the kinase responses in EML4-ALK V1 and V3-harbouring NSCLC cancer cells after acute inhibition with ALK TKI, lorlatinib (LOR). Using phosphopeptide chip array and upstream kinase prediction analysis, we identified a group of phosphorylated tyrosine peptides including ERBB and AKT proteins that are upregulated upon ALK-TKI treatment in EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC cell lines. Dual inhibition of ALK and ERBB receptors or AKT disrupts RAS/MAPK and AKT/PI3K signalling pathways, and enhances apoptosis in EML4-ALK + NSCLC cancer cells. Heregulin, an ERBB3 ligand, differentially modulates the sensitivity of EML4-ALK cell lines to ALK inhibitors. We found that EML4-ALK cells made resistant to LOR are sensitive to inhibition of ERBB and AKT. These findings emphasize the important roles of AKT and ERBB3 to regulate signalling after acute LOR treatment, identifying them as potential targets that may be beneficial to prevent adaptive resistance to EML4-ALK-targeted therapies in NSCLC.

Modulation of signature cancer-related genes in oral cancer cells (Ca9-22) by anethole treatment: Insights into therapeutic potential.

To explore an alternative strategy to chemotherapy to combat oral cancer, natural products and their derivates constitute one promising approach. In the last previous study, we have demonstrated the potential anti-tumor properties of anethole; an aromatic compound abundantly present in nature that serves as a major active ingredient found in plants like anise and fennel. In the current study, we aimed to investigate how this molecule inhibits oral cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. This will be carried out by a transcriptomic study of its effects on the expression profile of cell cycle and apoptosis regulation genes in gingival cancer cells. cell cycle. Ca9-22 cells were treated with 10 μM of anethole (IC50) and cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The percentage of cells in different stages of the cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by LDH assay and apoptosis was investigated by Pi/Annexin V assay following 24-hour treatment. Furthermore, we employed PCR array analysis to investigate alterations in the expression levels of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Finally, Gene-gene interactions were examined using the Gene MANIA database. Our findings demonstrate that anethole significantly attenuated the proliferation of Ca9-22 cells, leading to disturbances in cell cycle progression and eliciting cellular toxicity and apoptosis. By a double normalizing with two housekeeping genes (Actin and GAPDH), we show that, treatment with 10 μM of anethole alters (more than two-fold) the expression of 13 genes involved in the control of the cell cycle (8 were up regulated and 5 were down regulated) and 7 genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis (4 were up regulated and 3 downregulated by anethole). Finally, each group of genes modulated by anethole forms a network of connections between them or with other genes. Our study suggests that anethole holds promise as a potential alternative treatment for oral cancer by its ability to modify numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes implicated in the cell cycle regulation and induction of apoptosis in oral cancer cells. These findings underscore the significance of further research into the potential therapeutic application of anethole as an alternative drug for managing oral cancer.

Cannabidiol promotes apoptosis and downregulation of oncogenic factors.

Patients with high-grade serous carcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin (HGSC) often experience significant side effects related to their disease and treatments, such as pain, discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Over the last two decades, the use of cannabinoids (CBD) to manage pain and anxiety has become more mainstream. However, there is limited data on how CBD interacts with HGSC tumor cells or whether CBD impacts the effect of chemotherapy. Prior preclinical data has suggested the antitumor benefits of cannabinoids; however, the mechanism and data in ovarian cancer are limited. The objectives of this proposed research are to define the endocannabinoid system milieu in ovarian cancer, determine if CBD influences the growth of ovarian cancer cells, measure the cell viability when cannabinoids such as CBD are combined with standard-of-care therapies, and identify potential molecular pathways in which cannabinoids have a therapeutic effect. We conducted publicly available database searches, in vitro proliferation and apoptotic assays, functional protein signaling via reverse phase protein array analysis of CBD-treated cells using 2D cultured cells, and immunohistological analysis of ex vivo cultured patient-derived tumor slices treated with CBD. Our data suggests that CBD is unlikely to affect the growth of cancer cells at physiologic doses but promotes apoptosis and can have growth inhibitory effects at higher concentrations. The inhibitory effects seen at high dose concentrations are likely from the upregulation of apoptotic pathways and inhibition of oncogenic pathways. Overall, physiologic CBD levels have minimal impact on cancer cell growth or chemotherapy efficacy.

Molecular characterization of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma originating from mature teratoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary, an uncommon form of gynecologic cancer, typically originates from the malignant transformation of a pre-existing mature ovarian teratoma (MOT). However, due to its rarity, the molecular pathways driving its development are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we performed molecular inversion probe (MIP) array analysis and targeted sequencing of 275 cancer susceptibility genes on 11 ovarian SCC samples derived from MOTs. Additionally, we conducted the same molecular tests on two samples of ovarian metastases of SCCs that originated from primary sites outside the ovary, specifically, one from endometrial cancer and one from cervical SCC. Utilizing MIP arrays, we identified failures in meiosis I and II, as well as instances of endoreduplication within haploid ova, in five, two, and four samples of ovarian SCCs arising from MOTs, respectively. Notably, such alterations were absent in samples of ovarian metastases, implying that primary ovarian SCCs may derive from teratoma cells. Targeted sequencing identified TP53 as the most frequently mutated gene in ovarian SCCs, occurring in 82% of cases. This was followed by mutations in PIK3CA (36%), PTEN (27%), and KMT2D (27%). Furthermore, mutations in CDKN2A and copy number loss of 9p21.3 were observed in 54.5% of the cohort. In summary, our study elucidates the germ cell origin of ovarian SCC and provides a comprehensive analysis of its genomic landscape, which may assist in differential diagnosis and inform the development of targeted therapies with potential clinical benefits. KEY MESSAGES: Failures in meiosis I/II and endoreduplication found in primary ovarian SCCs. Ovarian SCCs may derive from germ cells in mature teratomas. Alterations absent in ovarian metastases from SCC aid differential diagnosis. TP53 mutations found in 82% of ovarian SCC cases. CDKN2A mutations and 9p21.3 loss observed in 54.5% of ovarian SCC cohort.

Design and analysis of a Sub-6 GHz antenna array with high gain for 5G mobile phone applications

Design and analysis of a Sub-6 GHz antenna array with high gain for 5G mobile phone applications