Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis Research Articles

Exploration of Sustainable Potential Sports Tourism in Sumedang, Indonesia Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making

Objective: This research aims to explore sports tourism, which has the greatest potential for the development of sports tourism, economic quality, regional image and human resources Theoretical Framework: Sport Tourism is a form of special interest tourism in the world of tourism and is widely developed in various regions because it can encourage tourists to visit. Method: The method used in this research is the qualitative method, a Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach withusing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine potential sport tourism. Criteria AHP using the concepts of Marketability, Sustainability, Participation, and Disaster Mitigation (MSPDM). Results and Discussion: The results of this research, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis utilizing the MSPDM indicator, the three most promising sports tourism activities among the eight currently operating in Sumedang were identified: paragliding, golf, and rafting. Among these top contenders, paragliding and rafting emerged as priorities for further development. While golf also holds potential, it is managed by a private company, which might limit its reliance on government funding due to its own revenue streams from the resort business. Research Implications: The implications of this research are discussed. The ranking of potential sports tourism activities provides valuable insights for the government in determining which areas to prioritize for development. Originality/Value: This study use A multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, was utilized to assess the potential of various sports tourism activities. The AHP criteria were based on the concepts of MSPDM.

University campuses’ location-allocation: a case study of Egypt with insights from the Japanese context

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the most suitable location for a university campus in Egypt based on governorates’ social needs by employing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The paper, then, reflects the findings retrieved from the Egyptian context on the Japanese context to reveal how different countries deal with the location-allocation decision problem for university campuses.Design/methodology/approachThe AHP is employed to evaluate and rank Egyptian governorates based on 13 distinct criteria obtained from governmental open-source databases. These criteria measure the social needs of each governorate, guiding the decision on the location of new university campuses.FindingsThe results expose a disparity between Egypt's current campus development plan and recommendations derived from AHP analysis. The location-allocation decision for new university campuses appears to be influenced by subjective assessments, indicating a gap between planned developments and identified social needs. Additionally, contextual social and cultural differences between developing and developed countries impact the identification and fulfilment of the demand for a new university campus.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by offering decision-makers a robust location-allocation framework. It serves as a valuable tool for policy formulation in establishing new public universities in both developing and developed countries. Comparative analysis with the Japanese context enriches the understanding of how countries address the location-allocation decision problem for university campuses, emphasising the significance of context-specific considerations in such decisions.

Design for steel structures deconstruction: an analytics system for construction waste minimization in a circular economy through BIM technology

This study focuses on shifting from traditional demolition methods to more sustainable deconstruction procedures in the steel structures building sector, specifically through Design for Deconstruction (DfD) techniques. The aim is to identify factors for BIM for deconstruction (BIMfD) implementation in Egypt’s construction industry and create a BIM-based Deconstructability Assessment Score (BIM-DAS). A literature review is conducted to determine the design principles for effective building deconstruction, the performance evaluation of DfD, and existing views on BIM implementation. The development of the BIM-DAS & SP includes mathematical modelling rooted in material demand planning. The model was implemented in Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment and it was tested using a case study design. Custom parameters related to deconstruction are added and used in the mathematical model to calculate DAS and salvage performance (SP), followed by a questionnaire and analytical hierarchy process analysis. These findings highlight demountable connections and reusable components as crucial drivers of DfD. Also, the results show that the key variables affecting BIMfD deployment include the availability and acceptance of BIM tools for deconstruction technology among industry professionals, and collaboration between project design and deconstruction teams through integrated platforms. This study demonstrates the usefulness of BIM-DAS and SP as indicators of efficient disassembly of buildings. This study will benefit all stakeholders in designing steel structure deconstruction by providing baseline specifications and a hierarchical model for implementing the BIMfD using current software tools. The results provide the needed technological support for developing tools for BIM-compliant DfD tools in Egypt to encourage deconstruction.

Review of The Financial Health of Bank During Increasing Foreclosed Assets and The Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Selecting Strategies to Reduce Them

PT Bank Laju International Tbk (the Bank) has struggled with its increased foreclosed assets, particularly those originating from mortgage loans, which could affect its financial health. The research assessed Bank’s financial health using Risk Based Bank Rating (RBBR) framework by analysing key financial ratios and investigating the root causes of rising foreclosed assets through Fishbone and Pareto analysis. Key factors include customer income instability, slow progress in selling foreclosed assets, and lack of insurance protection during economic downturns. To select effective strategies for managing foreclosed assets, the research utilized Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making method, to evaluate multiple alternatives based on various criteria, which were derived from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with Bank’s officers, who directly involved in mortgage loans and foreclosed assets activities, also reference with Bank’s SWOT analysis. The research evaluated three alternatives strategy: Protection Insurance for Customer’s Mortgage Loans. Actively Partnering with property agents to accelerate sale of foreclosed assets as-is. Collaborating with property agents to renovate foreclosed assets. The result showed that despite the increase in foreclosed assets, the Bank remains financially sound, with key financial ratios within acceptable regulatory limits. AHP analysis revealed that alternative 1 stands in first place to be prioritized, followed by alternative 2, however between both alternatives indicates a very small difference in prioritization weight, which means that both strategies are important to be executed and prioritized. Proposal to implement both alternatives in parallel would be a very effective strategy, where alternative 1 conduct as Preventive Strategy in preventing customer’s mortgage loans defaults, while alternative 2 as Corrective Strategy in lowering foreclosed assets volume. Alternative 3 acts as a complement strategy, where renovating foreclosed assets could facilitate quicker sales, however it’ll take longer time for renovation itself.

A new performance evaluation indicator for the LEE Jong-wook Fellowship Program of Korea Foundation for International Healthcare to better assess its long-term educational impacts: a Delphi study.

The Dr. LEE Jong-wook Fellowship Program, established by the Korea Foundation for International Healthcare (KOFIH), aims to strengthen healthcare capacity in partner countries. The aim of the study was to develop new performance evaluation indicators for the program to better assess long-term educational impact across various courses and professional roles. A 3-stage process was employed. First, a literature review of established evaluation models (Kirkpatrick's 4 levels, CIPP model, OECD DAC criteria) was conducted to devise evaluation criteria. Second, these criteria were validated via a 2-round Delphi survey with 18 experts in training projects from May 2021 to June 2021. Third, the relative importance of the evaluation criteria was determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), calculating weights and ensuring consistency through the consistency index (CI) and consistency ratio (CR), with CR values below 0.1 indicating acceptable consistency. The literature review led to a combined evaluation model, resulting in 4 evaluation areas, 20 items, and 92 indicators. The Delphi surveys confirmed the validity of these indicators, with content validity ratio values exceeding 0.444. The AHP analysis assigned weights to each indicator, and CR values below 0.1 indicated consistency. The final set of evaluation indicators was confirmed through a workshop with KFIH and adopted as the new evaluation tool. The developed evaluation framework provides a comprehensive tool for assessing the long-term outcomes of the Dr. LEE Jong-wook Fellowship Program. It enhances evaluation capabilities and supports improvements in the training program's effectiveness and international healthcare collaboration.

Cross-cultural design in costume: case study on totemic symbols of China and Thailand

Cross-cultural design has emerged as a pivotal domain of significance within the context of globalization. In the field of cross-cultural design, designers are tasked with addressing user requirements and identity characteristic contexts across diverse cultural backgrounds, aiming to achieve enhanced service delivery and cultural dissemination outcomes. Nonetheless, the landscape of contemporary fashion design research exhibits a noticeable dearth in studies that effectively integrate with cross-cultural design. This study selects the iconic cultural symbols of the Chinese loong (dragon) and Thai naga as case subjects, embarking upon research that employs costume design as a medium and bridge for cross-cultural design and communication. The research methodology integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches, including field investigations, participatory research, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis, thereby substantiating theoretical constructs through empirical investigation. The study proposes that cross-cultural costume design, undertaken with the purpose of cross-cultural communication, can be conceptualized as a cyclical process involving multiple encoding and decoding iterations. The research elaborates on how costume, functioning as a non-verbal language, serve as a medium for facilitating cross-cultural interactions. Furthermore, the design extraction of cultural symbols is approached through a four-tiered framework. By articulating its research perspective, methodologies, and design cases, this study contributes valuable insights to researchers and practitioners engaged in cross-cultural design and related fields.

Indonesian governance: Reflections and how to reduce disparity between regencies/cities in Indonesia

Nawacita work program of Indonesian Governance aims to actualize a golden Indonesia by 2045 by accelerating development and human resources. However, the Indonesian people face several difficult problems of their own. Several strategic policies have been put into place in Indonesia to promote fair development and lessen regional differences. These policies include macroeconomic management, economic deregulation, the development of new resources economically, the maritime economy, and productivity enhancement. The Nawacita program’s reflection in addressing regional imbalances in Indonesian regencies and cities is covered in this report. This study employs quantitative and bibliographic techniques along with political economic analysis methodologies to investigate in-depth and information. The study’s findings indicate that although differences between Indonesia’s districts and cities are gradually narrowing, the country’s GDP per capita is still below the global average. Most of the strategic measures put in place by the Indonesian Governance have not resulted in the anticipated expansion of the economy. Nonetheless, in current period of government, connectivity in enhancing productivity across regions through Indonesia centric development is a primary objective to ease accessibility between areas, which has frequently been disregarded. particularly in the Papua region, which has not exactly developed and been left behind. According to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis’s findings, increasing productivity is a task that needs to be finished right now to lessen regional differences in Indonesia.

Assessing the Role of Policy in the Evolution of Recreational Fisheries in Chinese Fishing Villages: An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Delphi Method Analysis

Recreational fisheries in Chinese fishing villages have undergone significant transformation due to supportive government policies. This study develops a comprehensive indicator to objectively assess the development of recreational fisheries under rural revitalization policies. Six key dimensions were identified using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Delphi method. The findings indicate that fishery resource conditions and environmental conditions are paramount, followed by service conditions, activities, policy conditions, and accommodation conditions. Key success indicators indicate the importance and priority of implementing policies, including “Tasting delicious aquatic products”, “Government support”, “Recreational fishing activities pricing”, and “Talent revitalization.” This study concludes by offering strategic recommendations to prioritize recreational fisheries within rural revitalization policies, utilizing identified indicators for policy implementation, and establishing a dedicated promotional group. These insights are essential for stakeholders and policymakers to promote sustainable and economically viable recreational fisheries in China.

How sustainable are agricultural practices in European Union countries? A spherical fuzzy logic based evaluation

ABSTRACT Climate change and population growth have heightened the need for a comprehensive framework to analyse the environmental impacts of agricultural practices. While traditional agricultural activities have detrimental environmental effects such as soil degradation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable agriculture is an innovative approach to minimizing humanity’s significant problems, such as depletion of natural resources, climate change, and biodiversity loss. In this study, a model is developed to evaluate the agri-environmental performance of countries. This model evaluates and ranks countries using the spherical fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and grey relational analysis methods within the European Union’s agri-environmental indicators framework. This study is among the pioneering studies to utilise the spherical fuzzy logic approach for determining the relative importance of agri-environmental performance criteria. The findings reveal that crucial factors such as the irrigable utilised agricultural area, the sales of pesticides per utilised agricultural area, and the share of main livestock types in total livestock units are critical to agri-environmental performance. In addition, in the implementation phase of the study, the performances of the European Union member countries are evaluated using the proposed model. This constitutes another contribution of the research. The results of this study indicate that Finland, Lithuania, and Sweden are the frontrunners in agri-environmental performance, while Italy, the Netherlands, and Malta rank lower. The model developed in this study has far-reaching implications for developing targeted environmental protection policies and advancing sustainable agricultural practices on a global scale.

Decoding stakeholder priorities of safety culture preferences in the oil and gas industry

Safety culture is a critical determinant of organisational performance, particularly in high-risk industries especially in oil and gas. Understanding stakeholder preferences is essential for developing effective strategies that enhance safety culture. This study utilised the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritise stakeholder preferences, identifying key elements of safety culture in Malaysia's oil and gas sector. This study employed a structured methodology to evaluate safety culture within the oil and gas industry, focusing on 18 sub-elements across three key domains: psychological, behavioural, and situational factors. A diverse sample of industry experts was recruited using purposeful and snowball sampling to ensure a comprehensive representation of stakeholder views. The AHP framework was applied to analyse the data, utilizing structured questionnaires and multicriteria decision-making techniques to prioritize the identified safety culture elements. The AHP analysis identified distinct priorities among different professional groups within the oil and gas sector. Safety and Health Practitioners emphasized practical elements such as safety rules and management commitment, while academicians prioritized knowledge and training. Management personnel highlighted the importance of safety ownership and communication, whereas policymakers focused on broader, policy-oriented aspects. The findings suggest that safety culture improvement initiatives should be tailored to address the specific needs and priorities of each professional group. A nuanced understanding of stakeholder preferences is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies that integrate observable behaviours, situational conditions, and psychological factors, ultimately fostering a robust safety culture in the oil and gas industry.

An Analysis of the Importance of Success Factors for Cloud Computing System Adoption in Vessel Traffic Service Systems

This study aims to identify the key success factors for the adoption of a cloud computing system in vessel traffic service (VTS) systems and evaluate the relative importance of each factor. Through a literature review and expert Delphi surveys, 12 success factors were derived across the dimensions of technology, organization, environment, and institution. The results of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis revealed that stability in the technological dimension was the most important factor. This study provides useful implications for future decision-making in VTS cloud adoption by systematically identifying the key success factors and presenting their priorities through the application of the TOE-I framework to VTS cloud computing.

Coupling Analysis of Safety Influencing Factors in Subway Station Operation under a High-Pressure Gas Pipeline

A subway station’s operation is susceptible to accidents when there is a high-pressure gas pipeline overlaying it, and analyzing the correlations between the safety influencing factors (SIFs) in this operating situation can provide paths to reduce safety accidents. Thus, this paper investigated the coupling correlations between the SIFs. We firstly identified the SIFs during subway station operation under a high-pressure pipeline (SSOUHP) based on a literature review and discussion with experts. Then, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and coupling degree analysis (CDA) were combined to assess the coupling correlations between the SIFs, and Y subway station was selected to test the proposed hybrid coupling analysis approach. Research results show that (a) 23 second-level SIFs were identified and these SIFs can be summed up into five first-level SIFs, namely, human-related SIFs, pipeline-related SIFs, station-related SIFs, environment-related SIFs, and management-related SIFs; (b) the proposed hybrid approach can be used to evaluate the coupling correlations between SIFs; (c) of the coupling situations during Y subway station’s operation, the internal coupling correlations among environment-related SIFs, the coupling correlations between pipe-related SIFs and environment-related SIFs, and the coupling correlations among human-related SIFs, pipe-related SIFs, and environment-related SIFs are all greater than 1, and the coordination degree is 0.778, 0.781, and 0.783, respectively, which is a high security risk; (d) the overall coupling degree among all SIFs during Y subway station’s operation is 0.995 and the coordination degree is 0.809, which is a low safety risk. The research can enrich knowledge in the safety evaluation area, and provide a reference for onsite safety management. The results are basically consistent with the conclusion of the enterprise report, which verifies the scientificity and validity of the evaluation method.

Analysis of Key Indicators for Reach, Act, Convert, and Engage (RACE) in Social Media Platforms for B2B Companies in Indonesia Using the AHP Method

B2B marketing involves the sale of products or services between companies, utilizing strategies at the corporate level. In this context, information plays a critical role and has evolved to adapt to modern times. Digital Marketing Communication leverages the latest technology to deliver integrated, efficient, and measurable communication, aiming to build strong relationships with customers. This study aims to analyze and provide recommendations for social media marketing strategies within a B2B company, focusing on selecting the most suitable social media platform for digital marketing activities. The approach centers on the use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which is applied to determine the most influential criteria in social media marketing. Key criteria such as reach, act, convert, engage are identified through surveys and interviews with digital marketing experts. The AHP analysis provides a structured approach to evaluating different social media platforms and strategies, helping companies make informed decisions about which platforms will be most effective. The results indicate that the AHP method can yield effective and efficient strategic recommendations for managing social media marketing activities, ultimately reducing the company’s marketing costs. These recommendations are expected to guide B2B companies in optimizing their social media marketing campaigns in the future.

Analysis the Impact of Halal Certification Strategies on the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMESs) in Bandung

The study aims to determine the strategy for halal certification in the development of Culinary SMEs in the Greater Bandung Region from an internal and external perspective. The research method used is a qualitative method with a SWOT matrix approach of IFAS (Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The population in this study are competent parties who know the strategy of halal certification in the development of SMEs in the Greater Bandung Region and sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 18 expert respondents who are ready and willing to be respondents. Based on the results of the IFAS and EFAS assessments, the halal certification strategy is in quadrant I, namely, "Grow and Develop". This research also shows the position of the halal certification strategy in the IA quadrant with the choice of the "Rapid Growth" strategy which has an S>O value, thereby supporting the SO strategy. Meanwhile, based on AHP analysis, the biggest problems and priority solutions are in the infrastructure aspect. The theoretical and practical implications of this research confirm that the problems and solutions that are the priority need to be considered by the relevant institutions. In conclusion, the government should play a proactive role in developing Culinary SMEs by raising awareness of halal opportunities and encouraging innovation. Halal certification institutions should optimize the certification process to support the development of Culinary SMEs.

Futuristic flood risks assessment, in the Upper Vellar Basin, integrating AHP and bivariate analysis

Flood susceptibility maps provide invaluable information for assessing and managing flood-prone areas, aiding in proactive planning, risk reduction strategies, and safeguarding vulnerable communities. The current research concentrates on advancing sustainable development practices by undertaking a comprehensive assessment of flood susceptibility in the Upper Vellar basin, with a projection for 2050. Employing an integrative methodology, this study utilizes an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Bivariate Analysis. Nine critical parameters were used: elevation, distance from the river, distance from the road, drainage density, predicted LULC, projected precipitation, slope, soil type, and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI). The Modules of Land Use Change Evaluation (MOLUSE) plugin, which uses Cellular Automata-Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN), was employed to predict the LULC map for the year 2050. Furthermore, bias-corrected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP 6) EC EARTH 3 Model (GCM) RCP 4.5 and 8.5 projected precipitation data were employed. The resulting flood susceptibility zones are classified into three categories: low, moderate, and high, with proportions of 32.64%, 55.52%, and 11.84% for RCP 4.5, and 34.63%, 53.46%, and 11.91% for RCP 8.5, respectively, concerning the total area. In both scenarios, nearly 38% of the settlement area is at high flood risk. This study provides essential insights for policymakers and stakeholders, facilitating the formulation of sustainable strategies to address projected changes in land use, precipitation patterns, and flood susceptibility in the Upper Vellar region up to 2050.

Topological network and fuzzy AHP modeling framework for the suitability analysis of evacuation shelters: A case study in Japan

Evacuation shelters play a critical role in disasters, providing a safe environment for evacuees to remain safe from threats or disasters. In this study, we analyze the suitability of evacuation shelters using a topological network and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) modeling framework with GIS applications, in which potential shelters are assessed according to their accessibility, reachability, and critical criteria within an evacuation network. The accessibility and reachability of evacuation shelters are identified using network analysis, whereas the critical criteria for evacuation shelters are deduced from the referenced requirements. The accessibility, reachability, and criteria of shelters are then weighted with fuzzy AHP analysis, and the suitability of potential shelters for use as evacuation shelters are then analyzed. An illustrative case study was conducted to illustrate the modeling framework; an evacuation network with 2797 nodes was constructed in the study area. Of the 2797 nodes, nine were identified as suitable for use as evacuation shelters. These nine included four accredited designated evacuation shelters and another five potential shelters as alternative shelters. The modeling framework in this study provides a systematic approach to identifying the characteristics of potential shelters, which is expected to be useful in decision making for evacuation planning, disaster preparedness and response, and postdisaster activities in recovery and restoration.

Assessment of Risk Factors in Condominium Buildings Construction in Metro Manila using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The rapid urbanization of Metro Manila led to a surge in condominium construction projects, which, despite offering efficient housing solutions, faced significant challenges due to dense urban environment, susceptibility to natural disasters & the health and safety issues related to accidents, losses, injuries, damages, and/or delays arising during the execution of a project which may adversely affect its success. This study explored the efficacy of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in assessing and prioritizing risks specific to Metro Manila's condominium construction projects, addressing a critical gap in current risk assessment methodologies. The study engaged mixed methods, integrating Meta-Analysis, Experts Consultation, and AHP, to identify and prioritize Risk Factors (RFs) in condominium construction projects. A systematic review through meta-analysis revealed nine critical RFs, including Technical/Design, Financial/Economic, Environmental, Regulatory/Legal, Socio-Political, Logistics/Supply Chain, Management/Supervision, Quality, and Health and Safety Risks. Inputs from experts from a diverse group of qualified professionals had been pooled to validate these findings. Through AHP analysis, risks specific to Metro Manila's condominium construction projects were revealed, with Health and Safety Risk (19.52%), Quality Risk (15.97%) and Management/Supervision Risk (15.77%) as the major concerns. An internal consistency of 0.71% attested to the reliability testing of the results. Given the complexity of condominium construction projects, this study responds to an important demand: a more systemic understanding of risk factors. Moreover, this study is relevant to further enhance and improve sustainability in condominium projects as well as performance of the construction industry.

Connecting college students with nature: An evaluation indicator system for the implementation of horticultural therapy programmes on university campuses

ABSTRACT The introduction of horticultural therapy to university campuses has gradually become an effective way to promote college students’ interaction with nature, improve their health and increase the quality of their study environment. However, many current studies have focused on measuring and evaluating the physical and mental health benefits of horticultural therapy programmes for college students, while less attention has been paid to exploring how to implement such programmes in a planned and sustainable manner. The main purpose of this study is to construct an evaluation system for the implementation of horticultural therapy programmes on university campuses, so as to better guide the sustainable development of campus horticultural therapy. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Delphi method were combined in this study. Delphi method was used to carry out two rounds of consultation for 10 experts, to select and revise indicators at all levels and establish an evaluation system. Expert and college student opinions were combined to determine the weight of indicators at each level using AHP. The evaluation system constructed by Delphi method included 4 indicators in the criteria layer and 12 indicators in the indicator layer. The weight analysis of AHP showed that horticultural therapy plan (0.341) was most important in the criteria layer, followed by the natural healing environment (0.289), the horticultural therapy team (0.190) and post-maintenance management (0.180). In conclusion, the evaluation system constructed systematically sorts out the elements of conducting horticultural therapy programmes on Chinese university campuses, which has good application and promotion value.

Evaluation of Urban Complex Utilization Based on AHP and MCDM Analysis: A Case Study of China

In the context of intensive urban development, urban complexes have emerged as crucial public spaces that address the needs of urban populations. However, current research on urban complexes is predominantly qualitative and lacks a rigorous scientific and quantitative analysis. Therefore, this study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct a standardized system encompassing five dimensions: spatial function, spatial perception, architectural style, surrounding environment, and energy-saving technology. The objective is to determine the weights of the indices that influence people’s use of urban complexes under the goal of “humanization”. Additionally, the study quantitatively analyzes key indices using spatial syntax and other analytical methods. Subsequently, we employ multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis to examine three real-world cases in China, aiming to validate further the importance of the AHP + MCDM approach, which incorporates the TOPSIS method based on grey correlation. This methodology considers both the subjective factors of crowd evaluations of urban complex usage and the interrelationships among indicators, ensuring that the statistical calculations of the indicators remain objective and scientifically robust. The results indicate that (1) the degree of facility improvement has the greatest impact on the crowd’s use of urban complexes; (2) there is a discrepancy between the results of the TOPSIS method and the MCDM evaluation model, with the MCDM evaluation method aligning more closely with real-world scenarios; and (3) the Shanghai MOSCHINO received the highest evaluation score, while the Nanjing Central Emporium received the lowest. Finally, we discuss the experimental results and propose targeted strategies for optimizing the design of urban complexes to achieve the goal of “humanization”.

Increasing Digital Transformation Readiness in Small and Medium Apparel Enterprises Through Maturity Model Evaluation

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has diminished SMEs' GDP contribution. Digital transformation emerges as a crucial solution amidst these challenges. While many SMEs have adopted digitalization, they face obstacles such as product marketing, access to capital, raw material supplies, and effective application of digital technologies. Nevertheless, digitalization presents opportunities to enhance efficiency and expand global market access via the Internet in Indonesia. This study utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to formulate a digital transformation strategy, focusing specifically on optimizing internal business processes within apparel SMEs. Key findings from the AHP analysis highlight the critical importance of integrated production management systems, document scanning and digitization, customer data analysis, and basic digital skills training. These findings underpin strategic recommendations aimed at enhancing efficiency, productivity, and adaptability through technology adoption, employee training, and organizational restructuring. The strategy outlines short-term (6-12 months) and long-term (5 years) goals to guide SMEs toward achieving advanced digital transformation maturity. By prioritizing internal business processes, these initiatives aim to propel SMEs in the apparel sector towards greater success in the digital era.