Agrochemical Analysis Research Articles

Dominant bacterial genera of microbiota of chernozems of the forest-steppe zone

BACKGROUND: Bacterial community plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis and fertility of chernozems. Analysis of its components allows us to identify the dominant taxonomic groups, the ecological preferences of the species that form their basis, and helps to focus efforts on creating biological products and tests aimed at monitoring and enhancing fertility. AIM: The aim of this study is to identify bacterial genera that dominate the microbiota of Chernozems in the forest-steppe zone of the European part of Russia, and to trace the influence of land use, summer season phase, agrochemical parameters and interactions with each other on their abundance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the Belgorod region, 10 samples of arable and non-arable chernozems were taken twice during the summer. Based on metabarcoding data, the percentages of genera in bacterial communities were obtained. An agrochemical analysis was carried out with the calculation of correlation coefficients between the chemical indicators of chernozems and the proportions of bacterial genera. An analysis of correlations between bacterial genera was carried ut as well. RESULTS: Dominant genera include Sphingomonas, Rubrobacter, Gemmatimonas, Bradyrhizobium, Haliangium and others. Under soil conditions, the proportion of representatives of the genera Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas shows a strong positive correlation with nitrate nitrogen concentration, and the proportion of the genus Bradyrhizobium shows a strong negative correlation with phosphorus concentration. The largest number of positive correlation interactions with other genera was found for Nocardioides, Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, and Solirubrobacter. CONCLUSIONS: The stability of the set of bacterial genera dominant in the chernozems of the forest-steppe zone of Russia in different environmental conditions (plowed and unplowed areas), as well as over time (June and August) was shown. A number of representatives belonging to the genera Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonas, Bradyrhizobium and others are strongly dependent on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer components. Representatives of actinomycetes and mycobacteria are closely involved in positive correlation interactions among bacterial genera.

Physicochemical, Coliform and Agrochemical Analysis to Evaluate the Water Quality of Coastal Freshwater Wetlands in Tonosí in Panama

Physicochemical, Coliform and Agrochemical Analysis to Evaluate the Water Quality of Coastal Freshwater Wetlands in Tonosí in Panama

Оценка эффективности применения микробиологического препарата при выращивании травосмеси Bromus inermis и Elymus fibrosus на малопригодных субстратах

Abstract. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effect of the microbiological preparation BIOR-AV on the structure, morphological characteristics and productivity of the grass mixture of Bromus inermis Leyss. and Elymus fibrosus (Schrenk) Tzvelev during the reclamation of planned clay dumps. Methods. Studies of experimental and control crops planted in 3 replicates within an area of 25 m2 were carried out during the growing seasons of 2001–2010. Projective cover and above-ground phytomass were determined on survey plots of 0.5 × 0.5 m; in each option, at least 15 plots were laid out. The dynamics of the morphological structure of vegetative and generative shoots was analyzed, and an agrochemical analysis of the substrate was carried out. Results. The positive effect of using the microbiological preparation during accelerated reclamation of dumps without applying fertile soil on the height, weight and length of leaves of vegetative and generative shoots; the number and size of structural elements of the inflorescences of the tested cereals (the length of the inflorescence, the number of branches in the inflorescence, the number of flowers, the number of spikelets, the weight of the inflorescence), and the sowing qualities of the seeds has been established. An increase in the content of the main elements of mineral nutrition in the substrate with the addition of the microbiological preparation: total nitrogen (1.6 times), available phosphorus and potassium (2 times), humus (5 times), as well as an increase in pH values from acidic to slightly acidic was revealed. The scientific novelty of the work: for the first time, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, monitoring studies of the effectiveness of the microbiological preparation on the structure, morphological parameters and productivity of a grass mixture of B. inermis and E. fibrosus were carried out on unsuitable clay substrates.

Carbon reserves on the soils of the Dmitrievsky village council of the Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The research was carried out within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation “Program for the creation and operation of a carbon landfill in the Republic of Bashkortostan “Eurasian carbon landfill” for 2022-2023 (Publication number: FEUR-2022-0001). Carbon deposition in the soil is an essential function arising from the interaction of ecological processes. Human activity influencing these processes leads to dehumidification or, conversely, deposition of soil carbon. The article presents the materials of the analysis of literary sources on the subject of carbon farming, as well as the content of organic matter in the soils of agricultural lands of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the conditions of a carbon landfill in the Ufa district (Russian Federation). This study aims to analyse carbon reserves in the humus-accumulative soil horizon of a carbon landfill on agricultural lands in the Dmitrievsky Village Council of the Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. An agrochemical analysis of the accumulation of soil organic matter was carried out, and the capacity of the humus horizon of the soils of this site was determined. Carbon reserves in the studied soils were determined according to the methodology for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and uptake [Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia No. 371 dated 05/27/2022, Guidelines for Quantifying the volume of greenhouse gas uptake]. The carbon content in the organic matter of soils is assumed to equal 58%. The conversion to the stock of soil carbon was carried out, considering the density of the soil composition. The degree of saturation of the soils of the studied sites, including the carbon landfill, is calculated. The reserves of organic carbon under individual varieties of soils in the humus-accumulative horizon - 4616360 tons were estimated.

Study of the Sustainability of Ecological and Chemical Indicators of Soils in Organic Farming

Organic farming is often seen as a sustainable alternative to intensive agricultural systems. The studies conducted in this direction analyze various factors, as well as their assemblies, and show contradictory results. In order to assess the impact of the organic method of soil cultivation on the stable composition of the most important mineral and organic substances in the production process, the organic agriculture procedure was implemented with an agrochemical analysis for 12 years. The content of mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and humus in the soil was determined. An elemental analysis of soil samples was conducted for a more in-depth analysis of its composition. It was established that the soils of the farm contained a sufficient amount of exchangeable potassium and humus. The content of these components remained stable during the study period. It was discovered that the soils of the farm have a low content of mobile phosphorus, which also remained stable during the study period. In the studied farm, the applied farming technologies contribute to the stable content of the main nutrient components of the soil. But to correct the content of mobile forms of phosphorus, additional agrotechnical measures are required.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer of Kitchen Waste on Soil Microbial Activity and Function

Changes in soil microbial activity and ecological function can be used to assess the level of soil fertility and the stability of ecosystems. To assess the fertility and safety of organic fertilizer of kitchen waste (OFK), soils containing 0% (CK), 1%, 3%, and 5% OFK were cultured, and the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the soils were measured dynamically with routine agrochemical analysis measures and amplicon sequencing. The results showed that compared with those in CK, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, NH4+-N, and NO3--N in soils with OFK increased by 23.80%-35.13%, 13.29%-29.72%, 16.91%-39.37%, 164.7%-340.2%, and 28.56%-32.71%, respectively. The activities of hydrolases related to the cycle of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (α-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, etc.) were also significantly higher than those of the CK treatment. OFK stimulated the growth of soil microorganisms and increased the carbon content of the microbial biomass. The amplicon sequencing analysis found that the microbial community structures of different treatments were significantly different at both the class and genus levels. In addition, it was found that the abundance of beneficial microbes in the soils with OFK increased, whereas pathogenic microbes decreased. RDA results confirmed that soil properties (including soil pH, organic matter, available nutrients, and microbial biomass) had a significant impact on microbial community structure. The results of investing bacterial community based on PICRUSt and FAPROTAX revealed that the function of the soil bacterial community was similar in the four treatments, but OFK supply significantly improved the microbial carbon utilization and metabolic ability. Moreover, by using the FUNGuild software, we found that the application of OFK increased the proportion of saprotroph-symbiotroph and symbiotroph and stimulated the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi-undefined saprophytic fungi but inhibited plant and animal pathogenic fungi in soil. These results implied that OFK could promote the establishment of symbiotic relationships and inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. In summary, OFK could improve soil fertility and hydrolase activity, stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and defend against pathogens, indicating a promising use as safe and efficient organic fertilizer.

Enantioseparation of agrochemicals by gas chromatography. Exploring columns based on cyclodextrin derivatives dissolved into polysiloxanes.

The main goal of this work is to expand the availability of chiral columns for the analysis of agrochemicals by gas chromatography. A broader offer of chiral stationary phases would allow shifting toward enantioselective analytical techniques environmentally more friendly for those compounds. We prepared seven chiral capillary columns based on derivatives of either, β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrins dissolved at high concentrations, in two typical polysiloxanes with different polarities, demonstrating not only the significance of the chiral selector but also of the polymer solvent for achieving adequate enantioseparation of some agrochemicals. The enantiorecognition ability of each column was evaluated with 20 volatile and semivolatile agrochemicals, possessing one or two chiral centers. Besides, to elute more polar agrochemicals, as well as to enhance enantioselectivity, three derivatization procedures targeting the carboxyl and/or amine group were evaluated. The results revealed that the prepared column consisting of octakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-tertbutyldimethylsilyl)-γ-cyclodextrin dissolved in (14%-cyanopropyl-phenyl)-86%-methyl-polysiloxane provides the broadest enantiorecognition capacity. This column allowed the enantioseparation of seventeen chiral agrochemicals, including metalaxyl, furalaxyl, and four imidazolinones, which were not enantioseparated in the remaining columns. To the best of our knowledge, glufosinate, fluorochloridone, fenarimol, furalaxyl, and four imidazolinones were enantioseparated by gas chromatography for the first time.

Agrochemical properties of the soils of intensive apple orchards in Bukhara region

This scientific article presents the agrochemical properties of the soil of small apple trees cultivated on the basis of water and resourceefficient technology of the horticultural farm "Siyovush Agro" LLC located in the territory of Bog'ikalon MFY, Bukhara region, Bukhara district. A complete agrochemical analysis of humus, soil type, anion-cations, dry matter and salt content in the intensive small apple orchards of LLC "Siyovush Agro" farm was carried out on a scientific basis. The existing soils in the territory of Bogikalon MFY differ sharply in terms of their morphological structure properties and characteristics, ultimately, for the purposeful and complete implementation of agrotechnical works such as improving their land reclamation, maintaining and increasing their productivity, the properties and properties of existing irrigated soils, as well as water, physical, nutrient regimes enrichment with new data and indicators is required. It should be noted that the formation of anthropogenic soil due to the accumulation of new alluvial compounds in the soil profile leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in biological processes.

Soil algae discovered in the soils of the mountainous region of the Fergana Valley

This article examines the agrochemical analysis of soil and soil algae of Nanay-Zarkent in northern Fergana, the Pidir cave in southern Fergana, the Karatog ridge in eastern Fergana, and the Chorkesar mountains in western Fergana. It has been established that dominance and diversity are found in the Cyanophyta section, and 104 species and varieties of soil algae have been found in mountainous areas. It is noted that they consist of 6 groups (Cyanophyta, Xanthophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, and Cryptophyta), 9 classes, 21 orders, 42 families, 53 genera, 104 species, 1 variation, and 14 forms.

CAUSES OF DEGRADATION OF NATURAL PASTURES IN THE ZHAMBYL REGION AND THEIR RESTORATION

The article presents data obtained during study conducted in the context of the vertical (altitudinal) zonation of soils in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan, aimed at studying the causes of pasture degradation. The technologies for their restoration in specific project areas are also outlined. Natural forage lands are the basis of nutrition for animal husbandry. A study of the current state of the food supply in our country shows that up to 80% of the animal feed ration is pasture forage. More than 64% of the area of Kazakhstan is occupied by pasture lands. Pasture forage is a plant resource that is renewed annually, and its potential productivity is about 22-26 million tons of feed units. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the consumer attitude of users to these natural resources has a negative impact on their nutritional value. Yields decrease, the composition of the grass layer and the quality of the forage change, and the areas become overgrown with inedible and poisonous plants. During the study, water and physical parameters of the soil, agrochemical analysis of the soil, measurement of the projective cover of plants and weighing of the pasture mass of grass, determination of the forage nutritional value (chemical composition) were carried out. Taking into account the seasonal yield of natural grass, the increase in live weight of animals during the grazing period and economic efficiency were determined. In the course of the ongoing work, conditions have being created for the restoration of degraded pastures in the Zhambyl region. The growth and development of the green cover increases by 14-17%, and livestock production rises by 11% due to rational grazing practices.

Создание и оценка новых генотипов картофеля с применением методов традиционной селекции

The paper presents a comparative evaluation of economically important traits of potato variety collection. Selected genotypes were included in directed crossbreeding. New hybrid combinations with the most significant parameters were created for potato breeding. The research was carried out in a breeding field plot of Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika, Putsilovka, Ussuriysk district, Primorsky krai. The research was based on the methodology developed by Federal Potato Research Center named after A. G. Lorkh and the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov. The biochemical analysis of tubers (the content of dry matter and starch) was performed by the method of the specific weight using a digital scale PW-2050 (UK). The content of protein, vitamin C, and reduced sugars was determined by the Laboratory of Agrochemical Analysis. In a collection nursery 368 potato varieties of Russian and foreign breeding were studied. The conducted research allowed the selection of genotypes with high productivity indicators, biochemical parameters, taste qualities and processing profitable. Such genotypes included varieties Ariel, Varyag, Zhemchuzhina Kamchatki, Kumach, Merlot, Nikulinskii, Tretyakovka and hybrids 4634-34 Krepysh × Bora Valley, 14-11-8, 17K10-2, and 55-10-38. The selected genotypes were used to obtain hybrid combinations characterized by correct tuber shape and resistance to diseases: Ocharovanie × Reggi, Charoit × Darnitsa, Charoit × Manifest, Barin × Reggi, Ocharovanie × Lyuks, Koroleva Anna × Kazachok, Avrora × Darnitsa, and Irbitskii × Kazachok.

ПИЛОТНЫЙ КАРБОНОВЫЙ ПОЛИГОН: АНАЛИЗ ЗАПАСОВ УГЛЕРОДА В ПОЧВАХ СЕЛЬХОЗУГОДИЙ

The carbon cycle in agroecosystems is determined by the balance between the absorption of carbon dioxide by terrestrial vegetation of agricultural crops to create organic matter and its release during soil respiration. The soil cover is a powerful source of carbon dioxide and serves as a reservoir accumulating soil organic carbon. Organic carbon accumulating in the humus of soils serves as a drain of carbon dioxide, methane into the atmosphere for hundreds of years. The research was carried out in order to analyze the reserves of organic carbon in the soils of agroecosystems and assess the emission of CO2 and CH4 gases. The work was carried out in 2022-2023 at the site of a pilot carbon landfill (arable land) in the Republic of Bashkortostan. In field and laboratory experiments, technologies for controlling carbon dioxide emissions on agricultural lands were developed and tested. In the field, full-profile soil sections and digs were laid in accordance with GOST R58595-2019 with the determination of morphological properties and the selection of soil samples for laboratory analysis. Agrochemical analysis of the soil for the content of organic matter, the density of addition, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium, the pH value allowed us to estimate the carbon stock of the soil of the carbon landfill according to the methodology of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. The total reserves of organic carbon of the arable horizon at the carbon-new landfill amount to 503.8 t/ha, which vary and depend on the employment of the field and the characteristics of the agricultural crop. Measurement of the destructive part of the carbon cycle using a portable LI-COR 7810 camera showed that the fields occupied by crops differ in the intensity of the release of soil carbon dioxide ‒ in the field under pure steam, CO2 emissions were 2.18 times lower than under perennial grasses. The availability of data on the spatial distribution of organic soil carbon makes it possible to introduce carbon-dependent crop rotations with a set of crops that contribute to the maximum absorption of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the practice of agriculture.

Influence of biofertilizer on heavy metal bioremediation and enzyme activities in the soil to revealing the potential for sustainable soil restoration

Overuse of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in agricultural activity is frequently damaging to soil health and can accumulate heavy metals in the soil environment, causing harm to plants, humans, and the ecosystem. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers in reducing heavy metal levels in contaminated soil and enhancing the activity of soil enzymes that are crucial to plant growth and development. Two bacteria strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. and Bacillus firmus, were chosen to develop biofertilizers based on molasses. The pot experiment was setup using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five levels; Bacillus firmus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used separately, and they were combined for the biofertilizer dose (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mL). Utilizing contaminated soils taken from a greenhouse farm the effect of biofertilizer on heavy metal bioremediation and soil enzyme activity was examined. Methods of soil agrochemical analysis were used to determine the soil physiochemical properties and the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Mo, Mn, were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry ICP-MS, following DTPA extraction methods. In results, soil pH decreased from 8.28 to 7.39, Ec increased from 0.91 to 1.12, organic matter increased from 18.88 to 20.63 g/kg, N increased gradually from 16.7 to 24.4 mg/kg, and K increased from 145.25 to 201.4 mg/kg. The effect of biofertilizer treatment on soil physiochemical characteristics was significantly positive. Application of biofertilizer significantly increased the heavy metal bioavailability and the activities of soil enzymes. Soil pH were positively correlated with soil Zn (0.99819*), APK (0.95869*) activity and negatively correlated with Fe (0.96759*) also statistically significant at (p < 0.05). The soil Cu positively correlated with Fe (0.99645*), Cd (0.97866*), β.D.GLU (0.99769*) and negatively correlated with PAK (− 0.9624*). Soil ARY had positive correlation with soil Mn (0.99683*), Cd (0.95695*), and negative correlation with PAK (− 0.99424*) at (p < 0.05). Soil enzyme activities were negatively correlated to heavy metals at a significant level. Collectively, the study highlights the potential of biofertilizers as a sustainable and effective approach to enhance soil health and remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils in greenhouses.

Composting of Household Waste and Fecal Sludge for Agricultural Recovery in the Urban Commune of Faranah

This research was carried out from October 1, 2021 to March 15, 2022 and focused on the composting of household waste and fecal sludge for agricultural recovery. This study allowed to take stock of the methods of managing household waste produced in the urban commune of Faranah and to assess the impact of the compost produced on the yield of eggplant cultivation (Solanum melongena L.). The quantities of household waste and fecal sludge produced annually in Faranah are respectively 42651.1625 T/year and 15417.4 m3/year. Our surveys show that 80% of this waste is very poorly managed. For a total of 100 kg of household waste and 400 kg of fecal sludge composted, we obtained 378 kg of fresh compost for a duration of 60 days. The results of the agrochemical analysis of the compost gave the following values: pH = 6.5; assimilable nitrogen (0.34%), phosphorus P2 O5 (20.25%); K2 O (0.54%); organic matter 35.71% and the C/N ratio is 11.65. The experiment with the compost in eggplant cultivation gave an average fruit yield of 25.43 kg/4.5 m2 compared to 17.25 kg/4.5 m2 for the control plot.

Study of the relationship between agrochemical indicators of soils and species composition of plants in some sites of the Lena River Delta, Northern Yakutia

In connection with climate change and the development of natural resources in the Arctic, increasingly relevant is the problem of revealing the response of tundra vegetation to various natural and anthropogenic impacts, as well as the search for indicators for developing a system of monitoring the state of ecosystems in the Far North. The aim of this work was to describe the floristic composition and structure of plant communities, as well as to search for relationships between agrochemical indicators of soils and the species composition of plants in certain key sites of the Lena River Delta. A total of ten key sites of the Lena delta were studied. Agrochemical analysis of the soil samples was performed using standard methods. The content of biogenic and abiogenic elements was measured using an emission spectrometer. The relationship between the soil parameters and floristic composition was studied using cluster analysis. It was shown that the clustering of sites by standard agrochemical indicators was weakly expressed, while in terms of the content of elements in the mineralized samples and in water extracts the sites were grouped into two clusters at the level of 40 %÷60 % of the differences. The clustering of sites by plant species composition was very weak, and it was not possible to identify clusters with high or medium level of similarity, nor was it possible to detect similarity between cluster diagrams constructed by soil parameters and by plant species composition. As a result of the study, it is shown that the species composition of vascular plants weakly correlates with the properties of the soils of the key sites. The individual features identified manifest themselves in the form of trends and no clear patterns of interrelation of vegetation and soil parameters are discerned.

Обоснование норм применения минеральных удобрений при выращивании пшеницы озимой в условиях Западного Предкавказья

The influence of rates of mineral fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of soft winter wheat on leached chernozem in the conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia is considered. The effect of foliar fertilization with a polycomponent fertilizer Aqualis of a type 18 : 18 : 18 + 3MgO + ME on winter wheat crops in the fourth rotation of grain-grass-rowed crop rotation was studied. An agrochemical analysis of leached chernozem was carried out according to the vegetation phases of soft winter wheat: spring tillering, budding and flowering. According to the research results, the average yield of winter wheat in the control variant was 5.08 t/ha, at the application of a single rate of a complete mineral fertilizer (N40P30K20), the yield was 6.0 t/ha. The increase to the control amounted to 0.92 t/ha (18.1%). The application of double (N80P60K40) and triple rates of the mineral fertilizer (N120P90K60) increased the yield to 6.75 and 6.85 t/ha, respectively. The increase relative to the control is 1.67 t/ha (32.9%) and 1.77 t/ha (34.8%), respectively. The protein content in grains in the control variant was 10.9%, the protein yield was 553.72 kg/ha. The application of single (N40P30K20), double (N80P60K40), and triple rates (N120P90K60) of the complete mineral fertilizer increased the protein content in grains and amounted up to 11.6, 12.2, and 12.2%, protein yield – 696.0, 823.5, and 835.7 kg/ha, respectively. The gluten content in the control was 20.1%; the maximum gluten content was found in the variant when applied the water-soluble polycomponent fertilizer Aqualis at the application of a triple rate of the complete mineral fertilizer (N120P90K60) – 23.8%, which is 3.7% more than in the control variant. Foliar fertilizing with water-soluble polycomponent fertilizer Aqualis at the application of single (N40P30K20), double N80P60K40), and triple (N120P90K60) rates of the complete mineral fertilizer provided a significant in-crease in winter wheat yield, which amounted to 1.60, 2.67, and 2.82 t/ha. This is higher than the control by 31.5, 52.6, and 55.5%. The protein content in grains and protein yield when applying Aqualis at the application of the complete mineral fertilizer ranged from 12.4–12.8% and 976.5–1011.2 kg/ha, respectively.

Effect of crop rotation, pesticides and fertilizers on the abundance and taxonomic composition of spring wheat pests

Relevance. One of the main factors in obtaining high yields of high-quality wheat is its protection from pests. Their taxonomic composition and abundance vary depending on the area of research, the phase of vegetation and agricultural technology — variety, predecessor, level of mineral nutrition, use of insecticides, etc. In connection with the above, the purpose of the research was to analyze the response of pests in intensification in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.Methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2017–2022 on the basis of the GSU of the Krasnoturansky district. 13 varieties of soft spring wheat were considered as objects of research. GSU Krasnoturansky district is located in the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The experiment was laid according to the method of state variety testing. As a fertilizer, based on the results of agrochemical analysis, ammonium nitrate (34.4%) 70 kg a. i. was used. per ha. According to the results of soil analysis, the introduction of phosphorus and potassium was not required. Predecessors of steam and grain. During the growing season, the crops were treated with modern means of protection.Results. It was found that the number of pests on the fallow predecessor was 1.42 times higher than on the grain one. When ammonium nitrate is introduced, the number of insects increases by 1.33 times compared with the unfertilized predecessor. In the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the most common pests of soft spring wheat are wheat thrips, swedish fly and bread flea.

Multiplying &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; plantlets of virus-free pre-basic potato under greenhouse conditions

Relevance. The survival and reproductive rates of mini-tubers obtained from in vitro potato plantlets were observed to increase under greenhouse conditions. This increase was diagrammed based on the experimental data. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of various types of bio-soils on the multiplication factor of mini-potatoes in vitro at the stage of original seed production in protected ground conditions.Materials and methods. The research was conducted in FSBSI “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki” (Timiryazevsky settlement, Ussuriysk urban district, Primorsky kray) in 2021.In vitroplantlets of four potato varieties from different maturity groups were used as the research object: Meteor (early), Sante (medium early), Dachnyi (mid-season), and Smak (medium late). These potato varieties were admitted to use in the 12th (Far Eastern) region. The experiments were carried out in a 260 m2 greenhouse during spring and summer. Five variants of potting soil were studied. An agrochemical analysis of the soil mixtures was performed in the Laboratory of Agrochemical Analyses according to generally accepted methods. The reproductive rate of a variety was calculated from the number of survived plants in vials: the total reproductive rate and the reproductive rate of standard tubers (according to GOST 33996-2016). For this purpose, potato sizing squares and the visual method for the rejection of defective material were implemented.Results. Three out of five studied soil mixtures were determined to be effective for four potato varieties used in the experiments: a) 70% peat, 20% biocompost, and 10% vermiculite; b) 60% peat, 30% humus, and 10% sand; c) 60% peat, 20% humus, 10% humus from seaweeds, and 10% vermiculite.

Вплив інгібітора нітрифікації 3,4-диметилпіразолфосфату на продуктивність пшениці озимої за поєднаного використання з КАС-32

Goal. To establish the expediency and effect of using the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPF) in combination with urea-ammonia mixture (KAS-32) on the yield of winter wheat grain. To determine the difference in the yield of winter wheat using different norms of KAS-32 with and without the addition of DMPF. Methods. Field (stationary experiment); laboratory (agrochemical analysis of soil and plant samples); analytical (systematic analysis of long-term results of field experiments and meteorological observations using mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis, mathematical modeling, and empirical generalization of established patterns). Results. It was confirmed that the use of DMPF together with KAS-32 significantly influenced the yield of winter wheat. At the same rate of KAS-32, 300 kg/ha in the variant with the use of DMPF, the yield increased by 4.5 t/ha, or 12% compared to the option where KAS-32 was used at the same rate, 300 kg/ha without the use of DMPF. In the variant with a reduced rate of KAS-32, 250 kg/ha with the use of DMPF compared to the option with an increased rate of KAS-32, 300 kg/ha, but without the use of DMPF, the yield increased by 4.2 c/ha or 11.2% over 4 years of research (2018–2021). Conclusions. It was established that in the variants using DMPF together with KAS-32, the productivity increased compared to the control (without fertilizers) by 25.3–25.6 t/ha (67.6–68.4%). In the variants using DMPF together with KAS-32 compared to the variant using KAS-32, but without the use of DMPF, the yield increased by 4.2–4.5 t/ha (11.2–12.0%) over 4 years of research (2018–2021)).

Assessment of the suitability of soils for the production of organic plant production at the local level of territory development

The development of organic production in Ukraine is a promising and relevant issue today. Organic farming has many advantages, including the preservation of soil fertility, reduced environmental impact, and the provision of high-quality and safe products. A farm that utilizes its fertile soil for organic production can have a positive impact on the quality of its products and increase their value on the market. It is important to note that maintaining organic farming requires systematic work to support soil fertility. That is why it is recommended to regularly conduct agrochemical analyses and implement restorative measures to increase soil fertility. The article provides scientific evidence that the soils of the agricultural company “Bazis” located in the Uman district of Cherkasy region are suitable for the production of organic crops. To do this, an assessment of the territorial location relative to possible sources of anthropogenic impact and radiation contamination of the territory was carried out. In the settlement, there is no landfill for solid household waste and storage facilities for pesticides and chemicals. The main polluting enterprises are located 12 km away, in the district center, Uman. Сontinuous agrochemical land survey of agricultural land was conducted. This analysis allowed us to establish that the soils have an optimal level of humus and nutrients, do not contain harmful metals and other toxic substances. Thus, it can be stated that the soils of the farm of the agricultural company “Bazys” of the Uman district, Cherkasy region are suitable for growing organic plant products, which guarantees the quality and safety of the produced products.