Analysis Of Several Variables Research Articles

Homogeneous Projective Coordinates for the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs Group

This paper studies the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group in homogeneous projective coordinates because it is then possible to write all transformations of such a group in a manifestly linear way. The 2-sphere metric, the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs metric, asymptotic Killing vectors, generators of supertranslations as well as boosts and rotations of Minkowski spacetime are all re-expressed in homogeneous projective coordinates. Lastly, the integral curves of vector fields which generate supertranslations are evaluated in detail. This work paves the way for more advanced applications of the geometry of asymptotically flat spacetime in projective coordinates by virtue of the tools provided from complex analysis in several variables and projective geometry.

Bending moments redistribution in two‐span reinforced concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars based on collected data research

AbstractThis article presents a review of state of the art on nonmetallic reinforcement in terms of bending moment redistribution in double‐span elements. The authors present a summary of existing research programs focused on moment redistribution in FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) reinforced concrete (RC). On this basis authors created a database of concrete elements with all the important construction properties of the elements. Gathered data are presented with quantitative analysis of several variables effecting moment redistribution in published articles. In the following publication authors show a research review which includes an analysis of the influence of variable parameters from the point of view of the database, concerning: degrees of longitudinal reinforcement, ratio between degrees of reinforcement in span and over the support, type of reinforcement (FRP/steel/hybrid), concrete class and transverse reinforcement.

Role of behind-the-border factors in determining state-level differences in FDI inflows to India

PurposeAlthough India is seen as a key player in the global economy, it is still below its potential level of growth. In this age of globalism, integration with the global economy through trade and foreign investments fosters domestic growth. For India, although this integration has strengthened over the years, there are certain gaps that remain to be addressed. Though numerous studies in the literature have tried to find answers to these questions, an important aspect that has not been considered by these studies relates to India’s federal structure and the role of states in determining the aggregate economic outcome. As Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to India are concentrated in a few states, this paper aims to provide an assessment of the reasons behind this trend.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to investigate the reasons behind the interstate differences with respect to FDI inflows in India. The analytical work undertaken for this paper is based on secondary data, collected and collated from various sources. The approach adopted for this paper includes a heat graph analysis to examine whether there is a clear pattern in terms of the state-specific factors for high FDI states versus the low FDI states. This data analysis is followed by an econometric estimation to gauge the impact of state-specific factors in determining the FDI inflows.FindingsAs per the secondary data–driven heat graph and econometric analysis, factors like industrial output, social sector expenditure, judicial quality, connectivity indicators, labor cost and availability of credit, act as differentiators between high and low FDI-receiving states. It then becomes imperative to bridge the gap between the two sets of states in terms of these specific factors. Implementation and success of policy interventions can only be derived at the state level and therefore needs more decentralized approach.Originality/valueThis paper tries to identify the reasons that are responsible for FDI inflows being concentrated in a few Indian states. This involves a comprehensive analysis of several variables to understand whether there is a clear pattern where high-FDI states are also in a better position with respect to these attributes. This effort to factor in the federal aspect of a macroeconomic indicator like FDI provides new dynamic to this area of work.

Topical Finasteride: A Comprehensive Review of Androgenetic Alopecia Management for Men and Women.

The most prevalent kind of alopecia, androgenetic alopecia, commonly known as male or female pattern hair loss, affects both men and women, with the frequency rising with advancing years. Even though practicing dermatologists and hair experts frequently encounter it, it might be one of the most challenging disorders to treat since choosing a course of action frequently requires a comprehensive analysis of several variables and moral judgment. Effectiveness, side effect profiles, practicability, promoting compliance, and treatment cost are the most important factors to take into account, especially given the chronic nature of androgenetic alopecia. A clinician's ability to select the optimum course of treatment for each patient may be constrained and clouded by their knowledge base, experience, and financial compensation. A search was done to find research on the effectiveness of topical finasteride therapy, including clinically pertinent case reports and papers. Only topical minoxidil and oral finasteride are now approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Despite being effective for hair regeneration, systemic use of finasteride is accompanied by adverse effects that prevent long-term use. Investigating topical finasteride as another possible treatment plan may be fruitful. Early research on the use of topical finasteride is safe and encouraging, despite its limitations. More research on drug distribution, ideal topical strength and usage regularity, adverse effects, and application for other alopecias would aid in elucidating the range of topical finasteride use.

First evidence of schmallenberg virus infection in southern Italy

BackgroundSchmallenberg virus (SBV) is a vector-borne pathogen that mainly affects ruminants. Schmallenberg disease has never been described in southern Italy, although this geographic area displays climatic features suitable for Culicoides biting midges, which transmit the pathogen. An observational study was carried out in the Campania region in 2020 to evaluate the seroprevalence in cattle and water buffalo as well as to identify the risk factors involved in the distribution of SBV.ResultsRelatively high seroprevalences of 38.2% (cattle) and 43% (water buffalo) were found by using a commercial SBV ELISA, which is comparable to the prevalence obtained in other countries under post-epidemic conditions. A virus neutralization assay performed on positive samples showed high titers in a large percentage of animals which is assumed to indicate recent exposure. Bivariate analysis of several variables revealed some environmental factors associated with higher seroprevalence, such as mean annual temperature, distance from the coast, and altitude. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed the statistical association only for mean annual temperature, that was found to be the main factor responsible for the distribution of the virus in southern Italy. In addition, molecular diagnosis attempts were performed on serum samples and resulted in the detection of SBV RNA in two herds and six animals.ConclusionsIn this work we have demonstrated the circulation of SBV in southern Italy using both molecular and serological assays. This study emphasized the essential role of monitoring in preventing the re-emergence of vector-borne diseases in ruminants.

The Use of Non-Hormonal Contraception in Women of Fertile Age

Long-term use of hormonal contraception has various effects on acceptors. These side effects can be minimized by using non-hormonal contraceptives (condoms, IUDs, MOW) where their use is still very low. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the use of non-hormonal contraceptives in WUS. The research design is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was 194 women of childbearing age who were taken by random technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical test used was univariate with percentage, bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression. The results of the bivariate analysis of several variables showed that there was a relationship between age (p = 0.049), service availability (p = 0.000) with the use of non-hormonal contraceptives. While the variables of knowledge, husband's support, parity, family income, information on health workers and access proved to have no relationship with the use of contraceptives.

Short-term forecast of U.S. COVID mortality using excess deaths and vector autoregression

We analyze overall mortality in the U.S. as a whole and several states in particular in order to make conclusions regarding timing and strength of COVID pandemic effect from an actuarial risk analysis perspective. No effort is made to analyze biological or medical characteristics of the pandemic. We use open data provided by CDC, U.S. state governments and Johns Hopkins University. In the first part of the paper, we suggest time series analysis (ARIMA) for weekly excess U.S. mortality in 2020 as compared to several previous years’ experience in order to build a statistical model and provide short-term forecast based exclusively on historical mortality data. In the second half of the paper, we also analyze weekly COVID cases, hospitalizations and deaths in 2020 and 2021. Two midwestern states, Minnesota and Wisconsin, along with geographically diverse Colorado and Georgia, are used to illustrate global and local patterns in the COVID pandemic data. We suggest vector autoregression (VAR) as a method of simultaneous explanatory and predictive analysis of several variables. VAR is a popular tool in econometrics and financial analysis, but it is less common in problems of risk management related to mortality analysis in epidemiology and actuarial practice. Efficiency of short-term forecast is illustrated by observing the effect of vaccination on COVID development in the state of Minnesota in 2021.

Increasing the Number of Seats in the Island Council of the Public Entity of Bonaire: An Analysis if an Increasement of the Number of Seats in the Island Council Will Affect Good Governance Through Cumulation of Political Fragmentation

In 2019 an advisory group recommended an increase in the number of seats of the island councils of the Dutch Public Entities in the Caribbean. The discussion is if one should fully jump from nine to nineteen seats after the elections of 2027 regarding the public entity of Bonaire or should this be built gradually from nine to thirteen, fifteen, seventeen and nineteen after every election cycle. A higher number of council member seats can drive political instability and fragmentation which is widely considered to be a major obstacle to economic development. The quality of governance has significant impact on economic growth. In this paper the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is utilized to determine economic growth in relationship to the size of respectively a parliament, assembly and a council, to answer the research question if the size of the island council of the public entity of Bonaire, should be increased from nine to nineteen in 2027, or if this should be done in an incremental way to avoid cumulation of political fragmentation. Quantitative research involving analysis of several variables using accumulated data of the sizes of the parliaments, councils, and assemblies from different countries as the dependent variables, and the accumulated GDP per capita as the independent variable, will be conducted to test the nature of relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables true multiple regression, to answer the research question.

L2 estimates and existence theorems for the [formula omitted] operators in infinite dimensions, I

The classical L2 method for the ∂‾ operators is a basic tool in complex analysis of several variables. Naturally, it is expected to extend this method to infinite dimensional complex analysis, but this is a longstanding unsolved problem, due to the essential difficulty that there exists no nontrivial translation invariance measure in the setting of infinite dimensions. The main purpose in this series of work is to give an affirmative solution to the above problem. In this first part, we focus on the simplest case, i.e., L2 estimates and existence theorems for the ∂‾ equations on the whole space of ℓp for p∈[1,∞). The key of our approach is to introduce a suitable working space, i.e., a Hilbert space for (s,t)-forms on ℓp (for each nonnegative integers s and t), via which we define the ∂‾ operator from (s,t)-forms to (s,t+1)-forms and establish the exactness of these operators, and therefore in this case we solve a problem which has been open for forty years.

A Hidden Climate Indices Modeling Framework for Multivariable Space‐Time Data

AbstractRisk assessment for climate‐sensitive systems often relies on the analysis of several variables measured at many sites. In probabilistic terms, the task is to model the joint distribution of several spatially distributed variables, and how it varies in time. This paper describes a Bayesian hierarchical framework for this purpose. Each variable follows a distribution with parameters varying in both space and time. Temporal variability is modeled by means of hidden climate indices (HCIs) that are extracted from observed variables. This is to be contrasted with the usual approach using predefined standard climate indices (SCIs) for this purpose. In the second level of the model, the HCIs and their effects are assumed to follow temporal and spatial Gaussian processes, respectively. Both intervariable and intersite dependencies are induced by the strong effect of common HCIs. The flexibility of the framework is illustrated with a case study in Southeast Australia aimed at modeling “hot‐and‐dry” summer conditions. It involves three physical variables (streamflow, precipitation, and temperature) measured on three distinct station networks, with varying data availability and representing hundreds of sites in total. The HCI model delivers reliable and sharp time‐varying distributions for individual variables and sites. In addition, it adequately reproduces intervariable and intersite dependencies, whereas a corresponding SCI model (where hidden climate indices are replaced with standard ones) strongly underestimates them. It is finally suggested that HCI models may be used as downscaling tools to estimate the joint distribution of several variables at many stations from climate models or reanalyzes.

An extension theorem for multi-regular function in high dimensional Clifford analysis

In the classical complex analysis of several variables Lars Hoermander had been proven for Hartog's extension theorem. His proof is based on solving the inhomogeneous Cauchy–Riemann system. However, it is difficult when generalizing this diagram to prove this problem in Clifford analysis because of the non-commutative property. In this paper we will propose a method to overcome this difficultly and we will prove the Hartog's extension theorem for multi-regular function taking valued in Clifford algebra

Enhancing Iraqi EFL Preparatory School Students' Speaking Skill By Using Debate Technique

aim of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of debating on Iraqi EFL students' speaking skills. To achieve the objective the study, two-on the pre-test post- test experiment is administered. present study is limited to5th grade female students for the academic year 2018-2019 in Babylon schools. The study sample comprises 30 students as the experimental group an students as the control group. . Both groups are the same through statistical analysis of several variables, such as age, parenting, mid-year English performance. Following the use of the Alpha Cronbach formula, the reliability coefficient of the pre-test language skill (0.801) was determined. It was calculated with the Alpha-Cronbach Formula. Finally, the results of the study after administration of the posttest indicated that the experimental groups exposed to the debate technology had higher performances than those of the control group exposed to the conventional method recommended in the textbook..

Orthodontic Treatment and Craniocervical Posture in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: An Observational Study.

Orthodontic treatment acts through the application of forces and/or by stimulating and redirecting the functional forces within the craniofacial complex. Considering the interrelationship between craniomandibular and craniocervical systems, this intervention may alter craniocervical posture. Thus, our aim is to (a) compare craniocervical posture, hyoid bone position, and craniofacial morphology before, after, and also in the contention phase at least one year after the orthodontic treatment, in patients with temporomandibular disorders and (b) to verify whether the presence of condylar displacement, the skeletal class, or the facial biotype interferes with the abovementioned outcomes. To do so an observational, analytical, longitudinal, and retrospective design study was carried out. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was applied. The sample consisted of clinical records of patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders in order to compare pre-orthodontic treatment with post-orthodontic treatment (n = 42) and contention phase data (n = 26). A cephalometric analysis of several variables was performed. The p-value was set as 0.05. When the pre- and post-orthodontic treatment data were analyzed, there were statistically significant changes in variables concerning craniocervical posture (CV angle, C0-C1, and AA-PNS) and also concerning hyoid bone position (C3-Rgn). When pre- and post-orthodontic treatment and contention phase data were analyzed the variables concerning craniocervical posture (C0-C1, CVT/Ver, NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT, NSL/Ver; OPT/CVT, OPT/Ver) and facial biotype had statistically significant changes. This allowed us to conclude that in the sample studied, there were significant differences regarding hyoid bone position (pre- versus post-orthodontic treatment) and craniocervical posture (pre- versus post-orthodontic versus contention), with the craniocervical posture being prone to return to basal values. The presence of condylar displacement was found to significantly increase the H-H1 distance in the three moments of evaluation. Facial biotype was found to significantly increase the NSL/Ver angle on hypodivergent compared to hyperdivergent in the contention phase.

What Do We Know about Bullying in Schoolchildren with Disabilities? A Systematic Review of Recent Work

Bullying is a serious problem that particularly affects schoolchildren with disabilities. However, studies in this group have been carried out on smaller cohorts and the results obtained are, therefore, less representative and sometimes inconclusive. The purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic review of the work carried out in recent years, including the analysis of several variables related to the sample, the methodology applied and the type of bullying. The guidelines set down by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement were followed in three phases. The total sample consisted of 55 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results reveal that half the studies were conducted in cohorts of less than 250 schoolchildren and drew no distinctions between the different types of disabilities. Furthermore, there is no consensus regarding the methodology used, and no specialized instruments were used. Hardly any specific interventions have been performed into the type of bullying investigated, in which victimization is the predominant mode. We concluded that there is an urgent need to increase the number of studies, including a larger number of individuals and using specialized instruments, in order to obtain more solid results. Such studies will allow us to create specific prevention and intervention programs to address the bullying of schoolchildren with disabilities.

RESEARCH OF STEM EDUCATION IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE: GENDER ASPECT

Given the importance of overcoming the shortage of staff in the STEM market, this study aims to present the analysis in terms of gender characteristics that affect the choice of profession by high school students. The sociological survey was conducted using the online method - a survey using Google Forms service. Four hundred and thirty-one respondents were 11th grade students (including 230 girls and 201 boys) who studied in experimental secondary schools in Dnipropetrovsk region participated in the survey. The methodology covers such aspects, as students’ knowledge of mathematics and natural sciences; career interests in the context of students’ motivation in studying STEM disciplines; students’ knowledge of the requirements for STEM careers. In the research, by comparing the answers of male and female respondents, it became possible to draw parallels on gender differences in the field of professional preferences of the surveyed students in the context of STEM education. Thus, after conducting research on gender specifics that influence the choice of profession in STEM areas by high school students, we can talk about the following. The obtained results show that there are insignificant differences between girls and boys in the field of interest in natural and mathematics sciences and technological education with an advantage in favor of boys. The results suggest that the choice of profession by high school students in the field of STEM is influenced by awareness of the prospects of the future career and self-confidence, which is connected with students’ academic success in mathematics, science and technology education. The study is one of the pilot projects in Ukraine. To further delve into the problem, it is necessary to conduct a regression analysis of several variables, in particular, the study of the relationship between career planning in the field of STEM and the type of residence of students (metropolis, city, town, village) and analysis of STEM preferences with reference to academic success of boys and girls.

Insights on the Indian Ocean Tectonics and Geophysics Supported by GMT.

This paper presented analyzed and summarized data on geological and geophysical settings about the tectonics and geological structure of the seafloor of the Indian Ocean by thematic visualization of the topographic, geophysical and geological data. The seafloor topography of the Indian Ocean is very complex which includes underwater hills, isolated mountains, underwater canyons, abyssal and accumulative plains, trenches. Complex geological settings explain seismic activity, repetitive earthquakes, and tsunami. Understanding and prognosis of the disastrous and catastrophic geological events is strongly based on correct data analysis, modelling and visualization. An important feature of this paper is mapping multi-source high-resolution data by GMT. Data include raster grids in NetCDF and GRD formats: ETOPO1, geologic and marine free-air gravity data, EGM96, age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the ocean crust by NOAA, total sediment thickness. Data were visualized by GMT modules to compare and analyze geophysical and geological settings of the Indian Ocean. Visualization reveled correlations between high bathymetric variations of the oceanic seafloor, distribution of main geological seafloor fabric: Southwest, Southeast, Mid and Carlsberg ridges. Tectonic maps were plotted to perform comparative analysis of several variables: crust age, spreading half rates (mm/yr), asymmetries in crustal accretion on conjugate ridge flanks (%), variations in the geopotential and gravimetric models. Being the warmest of the world’s ocean, Indian Ocean has specific climatic conditions (repetitive monsoons, tsunamis, cyclones and storms), complex geologic seafloor structure with triple junction and unique geographic settings. Presented paper contribut ed to the regional studies of the Indian Ocean.

An analysis of several variables that affect preschool children’s prosocial behavior

Prososyal davranislar, baskalarina yarar saglamaya yonelik olarak gerceklestirilen tamamen gonullu eylemler olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Bu arastirma okul oncesi donem cocuklarinin prososyal davranislarina etki eden degiskenlerin belirlenmesi ve ebeveyn tutumlari ile prososyal davranislar arasindaki iliskinin tespit edilmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Calisma, 25-72 ay araligindaki 290 cocuk ile yurutulmustur. Verilerin toplanmasinda “Cocuk Prososyallik Olcegi (CPO)”, “Ebeveyn Tutum Olcegi (ETO)” ve “Demografik Bilgi Form”u kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore; ebeveyn tutumlari ve cocuklarin prososyal davranislari arasinda pozitif yonde anlamli bir iliski oldugu tespit edilmistir. Bununla birlikte, kiz cocuklarinin erkek cocuklara gore daha fazla prososyal davranislar sergiledigi; cocugun yasi buyudukce prososyal davranis puan ortalamalarinin da arttigi; 6 aydan fazla okula devam eden cocuklarin prososyal davranis puan ortalamalari, yeni baslayanlara gore daha yuksek oldugu bulunmustur. Ote yandan prososyal davranislarin cocugun kardes sayisi ile anne ve babanin ogrenim duzeyleri bakimindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark olusturmadigi gorulmektedir.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Firefighters: Initial Results of a Multi-Phased Study.

Objective:To address which body composition (BC) measures best correlate with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in firefighters and develop a model for accurate CRF estimation compared with traditional methods.Methods:Career firefighters had body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measured in addition to body fat percentage (FM%) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). CRF as maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated by rowing machine and measured by indirect calorimetry in a treadmill exercise test.Results:Fifty two firefighters participated (92.3% men). Univariate correlations with BMI were best with WC. Univariate correlations with VO2max were best with FM%. Obesity classifications by BC measures agreed weakly at best. Multivariate analysis of several variables yielded an improved VO2max estimate (R2 = 0.70).Conclusions:Fire departments may benefit from more sophisticated measures of BC and CRF to evaluate firefighter fitness.

Women's Civil and Political Rights in Lebanon and France and Their Impact on Economic Growth

This study carried out a quantitative analysis of several variables in both Lebanon and France. Specific aspects related to education, unemployment, vulnerable employment, gender gap, and participation in parliamentary life were studied. We started from the rationale that human rights necessitate that human beings so it is imperative that each individual enjoy civil and political rights, which means in addition to the right to life and the right equality, there should be the right to the legal recognition and participation in public life whether through employment or elections. These rights have been recognized by the international human rights laws, mainly in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by United Nations and by the existing local laws both in Lebanon and France.The tests of homogeneity for the panel data models from Lebanon and France have been implemented carefully considering the linear relationship between the real GDP as a dependent variable and three of the independent variables consisting of the rate of women teachers in the secondary education , the rate of female to male ratio in labor force participation , the rate of women’s vulnerability to risks in the female labor force . The study demonstrated the importance of the Random Effects Model (REM) using the the log-transformed data. The study revealed a positive impact of both and on the real GDP while the variable has a negative impact both in Lebanon and France during the period (2008-2017).

The Heisenberg Group and Its Relatives in the Work of Elias M. Stein

We survey the work of Elias M. Stein in the field of analysis on the Heisenberg group and other nilpotent Lie groups, together with its applications to complex analysis in several variables and partial differential equations.