Appraisal Analysis Research Articles

Pledging to harm: A linguistic appraisal analysis of judgment comparing realized and non-realized violent fantasies

Intent is a psychological quality that threat assessors view as a required step on a threatener’s pathway to action. Recognizing the presence of intent in threatening language is therefore crucial to determining whether a threat is credible. Nevertheless, a ‘lack of empirical guidance’ (p. 326) is available concerning how violent intent is expressed linguistically. Using the subsystem of judgment in Appraisal analysis, this study compares realized with non-realized ‘pledges to harm’, revealing occasionally counterintuitive patterns of stancetaking by both author types – for example, that the non-realized texts are both prosodically more violent and more threatening, while the realized pledges are more ethically nuanced – which may begin to shed light on which attitudinal markers reliably correlate with an author’s intention to do future harm.

Appraisal Analysis of Judgment of English Billboard Advertisements on Roads in Batam

This study investigates appraisal analysis of the judgment in the English boradboard advertisement on roads in Batam. This choice of judgment by leaving affect and attitude is to focus on judgment of the advertisement makers in making perspective buyers are interested to buy their products on around roads in Batam. The framework of this study by employing of appraisal theory which was firstly introduced by Martin (1996,2000, and 2003). This theory is to analyze the evaluation of judgment of English billboard on roads in Batam. The data analyzed qualitatively. Due to research can be definite as a systematic observation analysis and objectively based on theory we can get the right result from events in special design .There were 11 data found. The data found that there were 6 personal judgments and 5 moral judgments. The personal judgment is more than moral judgment than personal judgment. This study concluded that the positive personal judgment of advertisement found mostly by admiring the product.

THE IMPACT OF PREFORMANCE EVALUATION PROCESS ON HEALTHCARE EMPLOYEES AS A FACTOR FOR MOTIVATION AND QUALITY OF THEIR WORK

The performance evaluation process is used to conduct an objective assessment of the performance and the effectiveness of the employees, the compliance with the organizational values and hierarchy and the achevement of the standards of the organization. The employee performance evaluation is an exceptionally important segment in healthcare organizations. The managers (directors) of the healthcare organizations have to recognize the employees that efficiently complete their tasks, detect the need and the type of training necessary to improve their performance and adequately reward the most prominent employees. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, the subject of research in this papers is precisely the analysis of the performance appraisal of the employees, as a process that should help obtaining a clear picture of how successfully the tasks of a given position are performed and how much they contribute to achieving the strategic goals of the organization. Hence arisesthe problem of this research, which is the absence of a quality system for evaluation and assessment of the performance of the healthcare workers. Two research goals have been pursued, both scientific and practical. The scientific goal of the research is to provide quality performance evaluation of the healthcare workers, which leads to faster development of the organization and sustainable efficiency of the market, whereas the practical goal of the research is to utilize the obtained results in the creation of an efficient system for evaluating the performance of the healthcare workers who will integrate the quality work standards, thereby improving the motivation and the quality of work. The relevance of the topic will be explored and proven by defining a hypothesis that reads: If a health care organization adopts a quality system for evaluating the work of its healthcare workers, then the healthcare employees will strengthen their skills which will lead to increased motivation and work quality. To prove the hypothesis, an empirical research was conducted using a standardized instrument, i.e. a questionnaire containing 10 statements and a Likert scale: strongly agree, partly agree and disagree. The questionnaires contained closed-ended questions whereby the respondents could choose one of the answers offered. The survey was conducted in 2 private healthcare organizations in December 2017. The representative sample includes 73 doctors and 27 nurses/orderlies. In the process of analyzing the findings of the research, a deductive method, comparison method and a method of objectivity and relevance were applied. In the conclusion of the papers, on the basis of the obtained results, guidelines will be proposed for improvement and implementation of a quality performance evaluation system in the private and public health care.

Evaluation of Attitudinal Lexis in Twitter Political #Hashtags: A Corpus-Based Appraisal Analysis

ملخص يعتبر البحث دراسة لغوية باستخدام منهج علم المدونات لتحليل مجموعة صغيرة من التغريدات فى تويتر يصل عددها الى 4082 تم مشارکتها خلال اربع وعشرين ساعة من اصدار ترامب قرار منع مسلمى بعض الدول من دخول الولايات المتحدة فى يناير 2017 وتهدف الدراسة الى اظهار کيف يوظف مستخدمى وسائل التواصل الاجتماعى اللغة لخلق توجة عام مما يؤدى الى خلق مجتمع مشارک لنفس الرأى ويتم ذالک عن طريق تطبيق نظرية التقيىم لمارتن ووايت (2005) على المفردات الاکثر تکرارا وتحليل دلالتها ومعدل تاثيرها وقد تم ذالک بمقارنة المادة التحليلة الرئىسية باخرى استدلالية من مجموعة مقالات من صحيفة النيورک تايمز وقد اثبتت نتائج البحث ان المادة التحليلة الرئيسية تزخر بکثير من المفردات السلبية فى التعبير عن الغضب حيال القضية الجدلية فى تويتر وتوضح کيف تطور هذا السلوک فى العالم الافتراضى الى مظاهرات على ارض الواقع. Abstract: This research is a corpus-based analysis of a trending topic marked by the dominating hashtag #MuslimBan to investigate the influential role of evaluative language in social media. It combines the Appraisal theory of Martin and White (2005) as rooted in systemic functional grammar of Halliday & Matthiessen (2004) and corpus linguistics to analyze a mini corpus of 4082 tweets posted on January 28th, 2017 using AntConc for Word List, Keyword List and Concordance tool. The main corpus is tested against a reference corpus of news articles from New York Times newspaper. The aim of the study is to explore how a stance is created on social media discourse at a lexicogrammatical level and how this helps unite the microbloggers. Findings revealed that the main corpus abounds in much negative appreciation and judgment of the trigger (the MuslimBan order). It also showed that most evaluation falls in the Attitude category of Martin and White (2005) as emotional release is usually expressed via frequent use of adjectives, whereas physical release of anger is usually expressed in using action verbs. The lexical analysis also revealed that the interpersonal function is more vigorous in the main corpus and that social media is more influential in spreading slogans and communicating stances than news articles.

Evaluating The Level of Economic Sustainability of Forest Resources in Forest Management Unit (FMU) of Yogyakarta

The purpose of this research is to know the status of economic sustainability of forest resource management in Forest Management Unit (FMU) Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research uses MultiDimensional Scaling (MDS) to analyze the economic sustainability dimension with Rapid Appraisal Analysis Program (RAp). Using a 0-100 scale of the sustainability index, this study estimates the level of sustainability of the economic dimension. Root Mean Square (RMS) shows the indicators which contribute to the sustainability of the economic dimension. The value of the sustainability measurement obtained is 58.14% with the stress value 0.13 and R2 is 0.95. This indicates that the category of economic sustainability of forest resource management in the FMU is categorized as sustainable enough. Each indicator has a different influence on the sustainability of economic dimension based on RMS value on the sensitivity analysis, namely: (1) feasibility of forestry business (12,60%); (2) community income (8,99%); (3) types of forest products (8,97%); (4) community employment opportunities (7,22%); (5) contribution of forestry sectors (7,20%); and (6) forest products (2,24%). In addition, sustainability assessment for other dimensions and strategy for sustainable forest resource management in FMU of Yogyakarta are needed.

Competitive Comparison Analysis in Appraisal Firms Relative to Different Levels of Efficient Frontiers

Competitive Comparison Analysis in Appraisal Firms Relative to Different Levels of Efficient Frontiers

Expressions of Attitudes in Students’ Narrative Writing: An Appraisal Analysis

This article investigated attitude, one of subsystem appraisal, in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university students’ narrative writings. Five narrative writing was selected purposefully from undergraduate students of the English Department at a local private university in Central Java. The findings demonstrate that the affect is the most dominant subsystem of attitude used in the students’ narrative writing to convey feelings and emotion of characters and events in the stories in order to make the readers involved in the stories. The prominent finding of this research implies that most students used expressions of attitudes which belong to basic English words and repetition of same words. This present research suggests English language teachers and lecturers pay more attention to the explicit teaching of attitudinal words usage in writing, especially narrative writing.

Language, sexuality and inclusive pedagogy

This paper examines linguistic practices of inclusion and exclusion relating to sexual orientation and sexual identity as they surface in the context of language education and multilingual contexts. I argue that queer linguistics can provide a helpful theoretical framework for examining how normative and non‐normative constructions of sexual identity are enacted inscribed in language practices in classrooms, and how these language practices may effect particular discourses of sexuality. I examine extracts of interview data with young people analysed using appraisal analysis. The analysis focuses on how language works as a form of social practice which can include and exclude sexual identities in classroom settings.

Schola Europaea: Schooling Europeans? – A Preliminary Research Report

This study explores the creation of identities and values and the social production of citizens in a Type II Schola Europaea institution. My analysis focuses on pupils’ patterns of identification and their system of values as are represented in their language use. In this analysis special attention is paid to students’ expressions of their relationship to the EU (European identity creation) and the values connected to the creation of social and political identities of the pupils. The linguistic investigation is performed by corpus-driven systemic-functional analysis of Transitivity processes and Appraisal. Based on Halliday’s system of transitivity 2 and Martin & White’s appraisal theory 3 the corpus-driven systemic-functional analytic approach is proven to be a highly effective instrument in exposing patterns of identification, values and self-positioning 4.Existing only for a few years, Type II Schola Europaea institutions are the latest development in the “Europeanization” of public education and they represent a new object of study. To date, no research has been conducted in this area from the perspective of applied linguistics, nor has any study focused on the “outcomes” produced by Schola Europaea institutions, such as the ways pupils in these schools express their social and political identities in their communication. Thus, the relevance of this research is that it provides new empirical information about the politics of identity construction, the dissemination of values and the potential of these unique institutions to create “European citizens”.

The Appraisal of Eulogies Delivered at Mrs. Lee Kuan Yew Memorial Service

The study reports the appraisal analysis and the rhetorical structure of eulogies delivered at Mrs. Lee Kuan Yew memorial service. Eulogies are meant to remember the person who died in a positive light, and offer an opportunity to speak about who the deceased was and the ways in which she or he made a difference in the lives of family, friends, and his or her community. Since eulogy contains praises for someone admired, and the speaker recalls the memories shared, he has to evaluate his feelings and relation by expressing attitude, his position towards the deceased, and gradable valuation. Such evaluation has to do with appraisal system. The research integrates the appraisal theory proposed by Martin and White (2005) and rhetorical structure (Kunkel and Dennis, 2003). This study employs discourse analysis method of research. The findings reveals that the eulogies have primarily used the judgement resources rather than affect and appreciation within the attitude system. As eulogizing function, the eulogy composed largely of laudation and praise, the use of judgement appraising items shows how the eulogizer’s assessment towards the admiring behaviour of the deceased during her life. Moreover, the utilization of the rhetorical structure contributes to the achievement of the communicative purpose of eulogy. Through the well-structured eulogies, the eulogizers heighten the audience member’s feelings of regard, love, and appreciation for the deceased.

Variações semânticas de valoração em reinstanciações portuguesas e brasileiras de Things Fall Apart e Arrow of God

Este artigo expande a investigação realizada em Autor (2018), sobre variações semânticas de valoração em traduções brasileiras de dois romances de Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart (1994[1959]) e Arrow of God (1969[1964]), para traduções portuguesas destes textos. O objetivo é identificar variações semânticas da valoração nas retraduções. Trabalhos empíricos sobre a tradução de textos literários estudam a valoração, descontextualizada do seu significado no desdobramento dos textos, usando a metodologia de análise de corpora. Autor (2018) usa um modelo semântico-discursivo para estudar a tradução como reinstanciação, considerando o desdobramento das narrativas literárias. Neste trabalho, foram usados excertos das reinstanciações portuguesas Tudo se desmorona (2008), de Things fall apart, e A flecha de Deus (1979), de Arrow of God. O estudo utiliza o método de análise da valoração, da semântica-discursiva, para investigar padrões de configurações valorativas de atitude, comprometimento e gradação nos textos do corpus. Os resultados, comparados aos resultados de Autor (2018), sugerem que há variações semânticas entre os pares de reinstanciações relativas ao modo de realização, ao acoplamento e à calibragem, bem como à não reinstanciação de valores ou instanciação de novos valores. Estes resultados sugerem que as duas reinstanciações são paráfrases distintas dos texto-fontes, confirmando a hipótese da retradução.

Academic Literacies: Appraisal and social sanction about authorship and scientific integrity

ABSTRACT Research integrity has been under scrutiny, especially in regard to the legitimacy of academic authorship and co-authorship. We aim to bring a critical perspective to the debate, firstly by presenting how past and recent publications discuss (co-)authorship, and next by developing an appraisal analysis of discourse elements that make types of social sanction regarding the topic available. We conclude by pointing out certain criteria that validate (co-) authorship and kinds of evaluation produced in the reviewed literature. Our results indicate that (co-)authoship credit is affected by power relations and personal interest and that multiauthored publication is gaining significance in collaborative network research environments.

Evaluative Language as Portrayed in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Movie Review by Roger Ebert: An Appraisal Analysis

Abstract. This paper analyzes the appraisal system of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre movie review by Roger Ebert. This study aims at analyzing the evaluation given by the reviewer toward the movie. The data of this research are all clauses containing appraising items toward the movie. The data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method and analytical frameworks suggested by Martin and White (2005) and Martin and Rose (2003) on appraisal system in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). Based on the analysis, the researcher found that the kind of appraising item mostly used by the reviewer is attitudinal lexis (35%) and the least used items are relational process (1%) and modality clause (1%). The attitude is mostly appreciation (59%), followed by affect (26%) and judgment (15%). For the engagement, the evaluations are classified as monogloss (99%) and heterogloss (1%). For the graduation, the evaluations are classified as down-scaled (76%) and up-scaled (24%). It can be concluded that the reviewer tends to use attitudinal lexis in his evaluation. The evaluations are mostly sourced from the reviewer himself. The reviewer tends to evaluate things more than people, and his evaluations are mostly to be negative toward the movie.Keywords: appraisal system; movie review; evaluation languageAbstrak. Paper ini membahas tentang sistem appraisal pada teks review yang ditulis oleh Roger Ebert dari film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre. Data penelitian mencakup seluruh klausa dalam teks review yang dikaji yang memuat kata-kata appraisal terhadap film yang ditelaah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis yang dikemukakan oleh Martin, Rose, dan White tentang sistem appraisal dalam linguistik sistemik fungsional (SFL). Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa lebih banyak menggunakan attitudinal lexis (35%), dan sedikit menggunakan proses relasional (1%) dan klausa modalitas (1%). Jenis-jenis attitude yang digunakan adalah apresiasi (59%), afek (26%), dan judgement (15%). Dalam engagement, jenis evaluasi yang digunakan meliputi monogloss (99%) dan heterogloss (1%). Dalam graduation, evaluasi dilakukan secara down-scaled (76%) dan up-scaled (24%). Sumber evaluasi sebagian besar berasal dari penelaah (reviewer) sendiri. Sebagian besar materi yang dievaluasi adalah benda daripada orang, dan penilaian terhadap film ini cenderung negatif. Kata kunci: sistem appraisal; teks telaah film; bahasa evaluatif

ANALISIS PENILAIAN PRESTASI KERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KABUPATEN BULUNGAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN UTARA

This study discusses "analysis of Civil Servant Performance Appraisal in Human Resources Agency and Human Resource Development of Bulungan District of North Kalimantan Province". The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the implementation of Performance Appraisal of Civil Servants, to know and analyze the factors inhibiting the implementation of Performance Appraisal of Civil Servants Employment Agency and Human Resource Development District Bulungan Province of North Kalimantan. This research uses qualitative method by exposing explorative with inductive approach. With data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation.Based on the results of observations the author after applying the apprentices concluded that, the implementation of Performance Appraisals of Civil Servants in Human Resources Agency and Human Resource Development District Bulungan Province of North Kalimantan has been done. But there are obstacles, namely where the lack of understanding of a small part of civil servants about the procedure peyusunan Work Objectives Employees and Work Behavior. Recommended recommendations are to provide socialization and consultation with the right target, regarding the preparation of Employee Work Goals and Work Behavior to civil servants who do not understand about the regulation Keyword: Civil Servant, Performance Appraisal, Human Resources

Will the reformed Cancer Drugs Fund address the most common types of uncertainty? An analysis of NICE cancer drug appraisals

BackgroundOne of the functions of the reformed Cancer Drugs Fund in England is as a managed access fund, providing conditional funding for cancer drugs where there is uncertainty in the economic case, and where that uncertainty can be addressed by data collection during two years’ use in the NHS. Our study characterises likely sources of such uncertainty, through a review of recent NICE Technology Appraisals.MethodsDiscussions of uncertainty in NICE Appraisal Committees were extracted from published Single Technology Appraisals of cancer drugs, 2014–2016, and categorised inductively. The location of the comments within the structured Appraisal document was used as a proxy for the degree of concern shown by the Committee.ResultsTwenty-nine appraisals were analysed, of which 23 (79%) were recommended for funding. Six main sources of uncertainty were identified. Immaturity of survival data, and issues relating to comparators, were common sources of uncertainty regardless of degree of concern. Uncertainties relating to quality of life, and the patient population in the trial, were discussed frequently but rarely occurred in the more uncertain appraisals. Concerns with trial design, and cost uncertainty, were less common, but a high proportion contributed to the most uncertain appraisals. Funding decisions were not driven by uncertainty in the evidence base, but by the expected cost per QALY relative to acceptance thresholds, and the resultant level of uncertainty in the decision.ConclusionsThe reformed CDF is an improvement on its predecessor. However the main types of uncertainty seen in recent cancer appraisals will not readily be resolved solely by 2 years’ RWD collection in the reformed CDF; where there are no ongoing trials to provide longer-term data, randomised trials rather than RWD may be needed to fully resolve questions of relative efficacy. Other types of uncertainty, and concerns with generalisability, may be more amenable to the RWD approach, and it is these that we expect to be the focus of data collection arrangements in the reformed CDF.

PENGGUNAAN ADJEKTIVA EVALUATIF SEBAGAI CERMINAN SIKAP TOKOH DALAM KARYA SASTRA REMAJA PRADA AND PREJUDICE KARYA MANDY HUBBARD

Abstract. Studies on young adult literature has been flourised since late 20th century and early 21st century and have been interested in identifying defining characteristics of those literary works aimed for young or teen readers. Those studies have focused on the themes, conflicts and characters reflecting the interests of young readers in their search for self identity, adventures, dreams and life problems (Brown and Stephens, 1995; Tri Pramesti, 2016). Other studies examines the language features in young adult literature (Bushman and Haas, 2002; Tri Pramesti, 2015) and language style (Dwi Noverini Djenar, 2008). This article reports a study on the use of evaluative adjectives, a specific language aspect in young adult literature that seems to be employed by the author to express characters’ evaluation toward self and others. The study is conducted within the theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics analysis of appraisal, particularly the aspects of affect whose realisations involves the use of evaluative adjectives expressing the senses of happiness, security and satisfaction (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014; Martin and White, 2005). The data were 388 lexical items collected from Mandy Hubbard’s Prada and Prejudice, focusing on the main character’s evaluation of herself and other characters in the novel. The result of the study shows that Prada and Prejudice employs a variety of evaluative adjectives expressing the main character’s evaluation that are related to the sense of happiness, security and satisfaction. This study contributes to better understanding some aspects of language style in literature aiming at young readerships.
 
 Keywords: young adult literature, evaluative adjectives, Prada and Prejudice

A neutralidade em audiodescrições de pinturas: Um estudo de corpora do inglês e português baseado no sistema da valoração

A análise da valoração em tradução enfoca os “pontos críticos” da tomada de decisão dos tradutores, indicativos de sua subjetividade e/ou ideologia na tradução de gêneros específicos. A partir desta perspectiva, este artigo investiga as audiodescrições de pinturas tendo como base a análise da valoração. Analisam-se, do ponto de vista da neutralidade (definida como a ausência de subjetividade devido à falta de avaliação/interpretação) como expectativa profissional, dois corpora, de pequeno tamanho, de roteiros de audiodescrições de pinturas (um com seis roteiros em inglês e o outro com seis roteiros em português). O objetivo é investigar a semelhança/diferença dos roteiros em cada língua, com enfoque na presença/ausência da avaliação/interpretação em termos dos sentimentos elicitados pelas pinturas; do posicionamento dos audiodescritores em relação ao que dizem nos roteiros e em diálogo com outros textos; da amplificação/redução do grau de suas avaliações/interpretações, se houver. A análise é realizada com base na teoria linguística sistêmico-funcional usando os sistemas da rede de sistemas da valoração: atitude (sentimentos emotivos/ éticos/estéticos), comprometimento (perspectivas monoglóssicas/heteroglóssicas) e gradação (avaliações de força/foco). Os resultados mostram que todos os tipos de valoração estão presentes nos roteiros escritos nas duas línguas. Provisoriamente, pode-se dizer que o estilo avaliativo dos corpora parece ser marcado por uma tendência para valorações atitudinais de apreciação estética e pela gradação da força dessas apreciações. O sistema de valoração parece ser capaz de oferecer à tradução audiovisual e à audiodescrição, especificamente, o meio para demonstrar que a neutralidade não é um parâmetro dado do gênero (American Audio Description Coalition, 2007-2008).

APPRAISAL as a framework for understanding multimodal electronic feedback

Given the multimodal nature of new modes of electronic feedback, such as screencasting, there is a need for the application of robust, theoretically grounded frameworks to capture linguistic and functional differences in feedback across modes. The present study argues that the appraisal framework, an outgrowth of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) that focuses on evaluative language and interpersonal meaning, can provide understanding of and discernment between technology-mediated modes of feedback. The study demonstrates this potential through an appraisal analysis of a small corpus of 16 screencast video and 16 text (MS Word comment) feedback files given to eight students over four assignments in an intermediate ESL writing class. The results suggest possible variation between the video and text feedback in reviewer positioning and feedback purpose. Specifically, video seems to position the reviewer as one of many possible perspectives with feedback focused on possibility and suggestion, while the text feedback seems to position the reviewer as authority with feedback focused on correctness. The findings suggest that appraisal can aid in the understanding of multimodal feedback and identifying differences between feedback modes.

Design and practice of phenobarbital comprehensive experiment

A set of comprehensive chemical experiments was designed for the second-year under-graduate majoring in pharmacy which contained synthesis, refinement, structural identification and appraisal analysis and assaying in phenobarbital. The purpose of the experiment was to improve the comprehensive strength, the ability of investigation and operation.The paper mainly discusses the design and application of the comprehensive experiment in the phenobarbital for pharmacy and Chinese medicine majors from the following aspects including design idea, teaching plan, effectiveness and popularization. Key words: Comprehensive experiment; Phenobarbital; Design; Practice

Resisting dehumanization: citizen voices and acts of solidarity

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen an increase in the influx of asylum-seekers in Scandinavia, and in Denmark this has led to ever-tighter immigration control. This article discusses emerging practices of refugee solidarity and resistance to migration policy in Danish civil society in the wake of what has been referred to as the European refugee crisis. To accomplish this purpose, I analyse how participants in Facebook discussions construe topoi and attitudes when facing the ethical dilemma of respecting the law versus showing concern for humans in need, in line with what Foucault (1983. The subject and Power. In H. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (pp. 208–226). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press) has referred to as ‘ethical self-formation’. This is illustrated through a case study of an incident from September 2015, when a member of a Danish City Council offered private shelter to immigrants on their way to Norway. The incident led to legal proceedings in August 2016 for what the defendant referred to as ‘the offense of helping fellow human beings in need’. The study is informed by Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing Discourse. Textual analysis for social research. London and New York: Routledge; Wodak, R. (2015). The politics of fear. London and New York: Sage) and governmentality theory (Foucault, M. (1983). The subject and Power. In H. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (pp. 208–226). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; Foucault, M. (2007). Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France 1977–78. (G. Burchell, Trans.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan; McIlvenny, P., Klausen, J. Z., & Lindegaard, L. B. (2016). Studies of Discourse and Governmentality. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins). Data include media representations and facebook comments published during 2016. The analytical approach combines topos analysis (Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2010). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage; Wodak, R. (2015). The politics of fear. London and New York: Sage) and appraisal analysis to tease out evaluative meaning.