Analysis Of System Research Articles

Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a solar-wind hybrid power system for laayoune city electrification with hydrogen and batteries as a storage device

The pressing environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels have propelled renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind energy, into a more prominent position. This article aims to explore an optimal configuration and conduct a technical and economic analysis of a hybrid solar-wind energy system tailored for electrifying Laayoune city. This system, equipped with hydrogen tank and batteries as storage devices, aims to meet the annual energy requirements of residential areas estimated at 310.87 GWh/year. In addition to addressing energy needs, the study tackles significant challenges such as reducing dependence on traditional energy sources, curbing greenhouse gas emissions, and bolstering energy security in the region. Utilizing HOMER Pro software, the research evaluates various combinations of renewable resources, including solar and wind, alongside storage solutions such as batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage, to find the most viable solution in terms of electricity generation, cost, and environmental impact. The findings highlight a hybrid configuration comprising solar, wind, battery, grid, and converter components as the most cost-effective approach for Laayoune's renewable energy system. This integrated system not only yields an energy cost of 0.0477 $/kWh and a net present cost (NPC) of 336 M$ but also generates 627.69 GWh/year of energy. Furthermore, it achieves a 100% renewable energy ratio while completely eliminating CO2 emissions.

Optometrische Vision Therapy

Purpose. Vision therapy in a 26-year-old female student with subjective vision impairment because of reduced flexibility of accommodation, esophoria, and lack of divergence. Material and Methods. Regular vision therapy based on a detailed training concept with training under optometric supervision and home exercises was performed over a period of twelve weeks. The baseline examination included history as well as analysis of the visual system with optometric function tests, refraction, and integrative analysis. The training progress was controlled biweekly. Results. The parameters that differed from the physiological norm data at baseline increased as follows: maximum amount of accommodation OD/OS from 6.7/7.7 D to 8.0/8.7 D; flexibility of accommodation monocular OD/OS from 6/6 to 13/12 turns per minute, binocular from 7 to 13 turns per minute; positive/negative relative accommodation from −0.75/+1.25 D to −1.75/+1.75 D; vergence ranges base in distance/near (break points) from 3/6 cm/m to 6/10 cm/m. Conclusion. All described parameters were improved after vision therapy. The accommodation flexibility and positive and negative accommodation were increased to the physiological norm range. The subjective complaints, such as headaches and rapid fatigue when reading, were eliminated by the training. Keywords: VISION THERAPY, CONSTANT ESOPHORIA, REDUCED ACCOMMODATION FLEXIBILITY, LACK OF DIVERGENCE

Performance analysis and additive screening of a liquid carbon dioxide mixture energy storage system coupled with a coal-fired power plant

Liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) energy storage is a promising technology for balancing grid supply and demand, but liquefaction in high temperature environments is a substantial dilemma. In this study, a novel liquid CO2 mixture energy storage system coupled with a coal-fired power plant is proposed to broaden the liquefiable ambient temperature range, where condensate and feedwater without phase change are used for compression heat recovery and CO2 mixture heating. Firstly, eight refrigerant additives are selected to blend with CO2; then, comparative performance analysis between CO2 mixtures and pure CO2 is conducted, followed by parametric studies; finally, a double-layer decision-making framework based on multi-objective optimization is adopted for additive screening across various ambient temperatures. The results show that a moderate amount of additive favors system safety but degrades thermodynamics and economy, well at high temperatures the performance of CO2 mixture improves and absolutely outperforms pure CO2. CO2/difluoromethane (CO2/R32) reduces the system operating pressure by 20.95 % over pure CO2 at ambient temperature of 298.15 K, accompanied by only 5.78 %, 0.76 % and 9.92 % deterioration in round-trip efficiency, energy storage density and levelized cost of electricity, and exhibits optimal adaptation to varying additive mass fraction. The working fluid unit cost and heat exchangers are the main factors causing these variances. In response to environmental changes, CO2/propylene (CO2/R1270) and CO2/R32 emerge as the two most adaptable mixtures, with the former preferred at low ambient temperatures (288.15–293.15 K) and the latter at high ambient temperatures (298.15–308.15 K). Among all additives, R600 and R161 consistently rank lowest in priority regardless of ambient temperature.

Early warning of landslides based on statistical analysis of landslide motion characteristics and AI Earth Cloud InSAR processing system: a case study of the Zhenxiong landslide in Yunnan Province, China

Early warning of landslides based on statistical analysis of landslide motion characteristics and AI Earth Cloud InSAR processing system: a case study of the Zhenxiong landslide in Yunnan Province, China

Techno-economic analysis of a novel solar-based polygeneration system integrated with vanadium redox flow battery and thermal energy storage considering robust source-load response

In this study, a novel solar-based polygeneration system incorporated with a partially covered parabolic trough photovoltaic thermal (PCPVPVT) collector, vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), thermal energy storage, and absorption chiller/heat pump is proposed. A robust energy management strategy is developed to alter the operating states of the system to respond to the inevitable intermittent source inputs and varying demands throughout the year. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison of the techno-economic performance differences between the novel system and the Power to Hydrogen to Power (P2H2P) combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is carried out. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the key technical and external economic parameters as well as a multi-objective optimization are investigated. The results illustrate that: the charging, discharging, and round-trip efficiencies of the VRFB unit reach 88.99%, 88.23%, and 78.52%, respectively, and the current of the VRFB has significant effects on the termination voltage, charge and discharge time, efficiencies, and stored and output energy of the VRFB. The PV coverage ratio of the PCPVPVT and the capacity of the VRFB unit considerably affect the system's thermodynamic and economic performance. The exergy efficiency of the proposed system is always greater than that of the P2H2P CCHP system because the efficiency of the VRFB with 78.52% is significantly higher than that of the P2H2P electricity storage with 41.73%, and the maximum difference reaches 4.25%. The levelized cost of energy of the present system is 0.0503 $/kWh, which is less than that of the P2H2P CCHP system by approximately 6.85%, indicating superior economic strengths.

Experimental study and performance analysis of a dual-mode space propulsion system pressurized by electric pump

This study presents a new dual-mode propulsion system that utilizes an electrically pumped hydrogen peroxide and kerosene supply system, specifically designed for advanced spacecraft orbit and attitude control. The system incorporates two distinct electric pumps, one for hydrogen peroxide and another for kerosene, each engineered to optimize the propellant feed for the orbit control and attitude control engines. This configuration enables precise propellant management and thrust control, which are critical for the stringent demands of modern space missions. The dual-mode capability of the propulsion system allows for the use of hydrogen peroxide both as a monopropellant in the attitude control engine and as an oxidizer in combination with kerosene in the orbit control engine. This approach simplifies the propulsion architecture while maximizing the efficiency and utility of hydrogen peroxide as a propellant. The electric pumps are essential in providing high-pressure propellant delivery, which is necessary to achieve the desired combustion characteristics and thrust parameters. Performance evaluations of the propulsion system demonstrated significant results. The orbit control engine achieved a combustion chamber pressure of 5.9 MPa and a combustion efficiency of 98.42 %. The attitude control engine, operating at a peak pressure of 4.9 MPa, exhibited a stable pulsative mode, maintaining consistent pressure levels throughout its operational cycle. These performance metrics highlight the effectiveness of the electric pump technology in enhancing propulsion system responsiveness and efficiency. This propulsion system is expected to improve spacecraft maneuverability and reduce operational costs, making it suitable for long-duration space missions.

Assessing Inland Waterway Transport (IWT) container logistics on the Rhine Alpine corridor: A discrete event simulation approach

Inland Waterway Transport (IWT) is pivotal for hinterland freight logistics, connecting numerous inland terminals with major deep-sea ports. Despite its significant advantages in cargo capacity and environmental sustainability, it remains underutilized due to operational inefficiencies, diminishing its competitive edge compared to road and rail transport. Addressing these challenges requires innovative solutions, yet existing studies often neglect to evaluate these innovations and their interactions within the broader IWT logistics framework and other transport modes.This study bridges these gaps by introducing a comprehensive Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model to capture the dynamic interactions within the IWT logistics system, its interplay with other transport modes, and the potential impact of innovative measures on IWT performance. The model simulates the current container logistics system along the Rhine-Alpine (RALP) corridor, incorporating key elements such as cost-time calculations, transport mode selection, network flow allocation, and the assessment of IWT innovations.The methodological framework and architecture of the DES model are presented, emphasizing verification and validation processes to ensure accuracy and reliability. The model outputs a network-wide analysis of the current IWT logistics system, examining mode split, cost, time, emissions, distance, and the interrelationships among these factors. This analysis serves as a benchmark for evaluating the effects of various innovative strategies on IWT performance.By employing the DES methodology, this research advances the understanding of container IWT logistics, providing critical insights for stakeholders and policymakers. It evaluates the current performance of container IWT in the RALP corridor and identifies opportunities to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of container IWT.

Optical design and analysis of a high-speed triple galvanometer laser 3D scanning system

In this paper, a triple galvanometer laser three-dimensions (3D) scanning system (TGLSS) was proposed. The system consisted of three galvanometers and two parabolic mirrors, with rapid movement of the laser focus in 3D space by rotations of the three galvanometers. The optical principle of the TGLSS was analyzed, and the method of designing TGLSS by geometrical optics and Abbe’s sine condition was given in detail. Scanning range and focusing quality were analyzed by optical simulations. An experiment was carried out to verify the feasibility of TGLSS. The implications of TGLSS for reflective dynamic focusing device (RDFD)-based laser system and their impact on technologically relevant applications were discussed. The great potential for enhancing the speed of advanced laser processing in 3D space was offered by TGLSS.

Dynamic analysis of an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with temperature-regulated in air tanks

In this study, an innovative temperature regulation method is developed to augment the air storage capacity of adiabatic compressed air energy storage. Hot water, produced by recovering waste heat from the discharging process, is injected into these tanks to control the air temperature as needed. The transient-state calculation models have been established for each component, and validation is performed using experimental data obtained from published work. The utilization of proportion integration differentiation control technology enables precise regulation of the air outlet temperature of heat exchangers, achieving a control accuracy of 1K. The operational status of the components has been investigated, and a comparison is made between the performances of the modified and traditional adiabatic compressed air energy storage systems. The comparative analysis results show that the modified system can achieve a notable round trip efficiency of 71.71 %, which is comparable to that of conventional system (71.41 %). The effective air storage density of the modified system is 47.24 kg/m3, which presents a 15.08 % increase compared to traditional system (41.05 kg/m3). The influence of discharge pressure and pressure difference between threshold pressure and discharge pressure is also investigated. It is found that the modified adiabatic compressed air energy storage shows a consistently greater effective air storage density than traditional system, with a minimum increase exceeding 10.52 %.

Хищение цифрового рубля: особенности квалификации

The paper performs a system analysis of algorithms of qualification of embezzlements, the subject of which is the digital ruble. The author uses methods of generalization, modeling and analogy to review the legal status of the digital ruble, special aspects of its circulation and develop a set of criteria to demarcate this concept from the ones that are similar in terms of constituent elements: theft from a bank account (Clause d of Part 3 of Art 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and fraud with the use of electronic payment means (Art 159.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Unsteady-state modeling and analysis of a spray-assisted low-temperature desalination system

The spray-assisted low-temperature desalination (SLTD) technology driven by low-grade heat sources has demonstrated excellent thermodynamic and economic performances. However, existing studies are based on steady-state analyses and cannot describe dynamic system performance under fluctuations of the operating conditions. This work presents an unsteady-state analysis of the SLTD system driven by low-grade waste-heat sources. A dynamic model is developed and validated against experimental data. The model is observed to predict dynamic temperature profiles accurately with a maximum absolute error of ±0.3 °C. Then, the model is applied to analyze the responses of the SLTD system to different disturbances. Results show that the first evaporator is the most sensitive to the heat source temperature fluctuation, while locations farther away from the disturbance have longer response times and smaller fluctuations. When the heat source temperature for a 4-effect system fluctuates by 10 %, the response time and temperature fluctuation amplitude of the 1st effect are 579 s and 8 %, respectively, while those of the 4th effect are 1007 s and 3 %, respectively. Besides, the systems with smaller heat transfer areas, fewer numbers of effect, and higher heat source temperatures have faster response speeds. The results provide useful information for system operation and control strategy exploitation.

Hydrodynamic Model of the Area of the Żelazny Most Mining Waste Storage Facility to Reconstruct the Migration of Saline Groundwater

This paper presents the construction of a numerical three-dimensional model of the area of the Żelazny Most Mining Waste Storage Facility (MWSF). In the study area, the difficult geological conditions associated with glaciotectonics are accompanied by a complex hydrotechnical system of sediment deposition and sedimentary water drainage. In order to effectively reflect the water flow paths, a detailed schematization was carried out, using 700,000 boreholes and more than 300 hydrogeological cross-sections. In addition, numerous drainage sections, streams, and ditches were included to reliably assess the amount of saline water entering the underlying aquifers. This research was supported by magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) studies of the reservoir’s sediments. The MWSF is currently being expanded, so the work primarily focuses on illustrating changes in the hydrodynamic field resulting from the inclusion of the new southern section. Models of similar facilities have been implemented before, but in the current one, the combination of meticulous analysis of the hydro-structural system, the water balance, a significant amount of data, the size of the facility, and the use of an unstructured discretization grid in the calculations is undoubtedly innovative and will be an important contribution to the development of analogous solutions around the world.

EVALUATING WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF MEDICAL CENTERS IN BINH DUONG PROVINCE

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wastewater management system implemented at a medical center located within the Bau Bang Industrial Park in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. With a staff of 166 and 60 beds, the facility operates in accordance with TCVN 4470:2012 General Hospital design standards, serving a diverse range of water demands including domestic, medical, and auxiliary requirements. The wastewater management system is meticulously designed to handle both rainwater and wastewater separately. Rainwater is efficiently collected through surface and roof drainage networks, while domestic and medical wastewater undergo discrete collection processes. The medical center's wastewater treatment facility, operating at a capacity of 100 m³/day, employs a multistage treatment process to ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column B, K = 1). This process includes preliminary treatment, anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection. The facility consistently meets quality parameters outlined in QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, exhibiting effective removal rates for organic pollutants, suspended solids, ammonia, phosphates, and pathogens. Furthermore, the medical center demonstrates commendable environmental stewardship through its stormwater drainage infrastructure, which integrates seamlessly with the local drainage network, safeguarding against environmental contamination. Overall, the wastewater management practices at the medical center exemplify best practices in environmental management within the healthcare sector. This study provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial settings, contributing to the global discourse on sustainable wastewater management practices.

IoT-based real-time analysis of battery management system with long range communication and FLoRa

In the current scenario, the world is focused on renewable energy generation to achieve sustainability by 2030 regarding clean and affordable energy. Lithium-ion (Li-ion)-based Battery Energy storage (BES) is a prominent approach that is widely adopted for managing large-scale renewable energy generation. Battery Management Systems (BMS) play a critical role in optimizing battery performance of BES by monitoring parameters such as overcharging, the state of health (SoH), cell protection, real-time data, and fault detection to ensure reliability. Previous studies have concluded that the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) with LoRa ensures effective real-time monitoring of the BMS of Li-ion batteries. This study proposed and implemented a customized LoRa and IoT-based hardware system with a gateway to acquire parameters such as terminal voltage, current, charge voltage, charge current, cycle, temperature, state of charge (SoC), and SoH, and log them into the cloud server. An OMnet++-based Framework for LoRa (FLoRa) simulation was implemented to analyze the power consumption and residual energy of the customized LoRa nodes. The simulation was configured with a spread factor of 7, a carrier frequency of 433 MHz, a bandwidth of 125 KHz, and a transmission power of 2 dBm. The simulation results indicated that Node 3 had the highest mean power consumption (0.028233) and total energy consumption (0.146592), whereas Node 0 exhibited the lowest mean power consumption (0.023413) and total energy consumption (0.070204). Additionally, a comprehensive dataset encompassing voltage, current, and time was created and utilized for precise calculations of the battery's capacity and state of health, with potential use in future predictions.

Toward Linux-based safety-critical systems—Execution time variability analysis of Linux system calls

Modern transportation and industrial domain safety-critical applications, such as autonomous vehicles and collaborative robots, exhibit a combination of escalating software complexity and the need to integrate diverse software stacks and machine learning algorithms, consequently demanding complex high-performance hardware. Linux’s extensive platform support and library ecosystem make it a valuable general-purpose operating system for developing complex software systems. However, because the Linux kernel has not been designed to comply with safety standards, it has a high execution path variability and does not provide execution time guarantees. In this context, several research initiatives have studied the usage of Linux for developing complex safety-related systems, focusing on topics that include its development process, isolation architectures, or test coverage estimation. Nonetheless, execution-time analysis and providing temporal guarantees is still a challenge. This work extends the novel statistical analysis of Linux system call execution paths with the analysis of execution-time variability and proposes a method for estimating the worst-case execution time, forming a sound approach for an in-depth analysis of the Linux kernel execution paths and execution times for safety-related systems. The proposed method is applied to a representative use case that implements an Autonomous Emergency Brake application in an NVIDIA Jetson Nano board connected to the CARLA autonomous driving simulator.

Strategic Enhancement of Healthcare Services During the Hajj Season in Makkah: A Comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) Analysis.

Annually, over two million international pilgrims embark on the Hajj pilgrimage to Makkah, presenting a significant challenge for healthcare services. This study analyzes the spatial distribution of healthcare facilities in the Al Mashaer area using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to enhance healthcare during this religious gathering. It evaluates the accessibility and efficacy of healthcare facilities, including primary care centers, clinics, and hospitals, each addressing distinct medical needs to ensure a holistic approach for pilgrims. The study maps the distribution, service radius, and services offered by each facility, along with an analysis of travel distances and times, to evaluate the viability of healthcare services. Identifying coverage gaps and accessibility issues is critical for making strategic recommendations to enhance resource allocation and distribution. The research addresses challenges such as data precision, population density, infrastructural constraints, and resource limitations. The study offers recommendations to optimize resource distribution, improve transportation strategies, expand healthcare capacity, and enhance cultural competency, resulting in improved healthcare accessibility, reduced congestion, quicker medical responses, and a safer pilgrimage experience, promoting a world-class pilgrimage management system.

Infection by a multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain: prediction of virulence factors, CRISPR-Cas system analysis, and structural implications of mutations conferring rifampin resistance.

Cases of diphtheria, even in immunized individuals, are still reported in several parts of the world, including in Brazil. New outbreaks occur in Europe and other continents. In this context, studies on Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections are highly relevant, both for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and for controlling the circulation of clones and antimicrobial resistance genes. Here we present a case of cutaneous infection by multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae and provide its whole-genome sequencing. Genomic analysis revealed resistance genes, including tet(W), sul1, cmx, rpoB2, rbpA and mutation in rpoB. We performed phylogenetic analyzes and used the BRIG to compare the predicted resistance genes with those found in genomes from other significant isolates, including those associated with some outbreaks. Virulence factors such as spaD, srtBC, spaH, srtDE, surface-anchored pilus proteins (sapD), nonfimbrial adhesins (DIP0733, DIP1281, and DIP1621), embC and mptC (putatively involved in CdiLAM), sigA, dtxR and MdbA (putatively involved) in post-translational modification, were detected. We identified the CRISPR-Cas system in our isolate, which was classified as Type II-U based on the database and contains 15 spacers. This system functions as an adaptive immune mechanism. The strain was attributed to a new sequence type ST-928, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it was related to ST-634 of C. diphtheriae strains isolated in French Guiana and Brazil. In addition, since infections are not always reported, studies with the sequence data might be a way to complement and inform C. diphtheriae surveillance.

Five-Year Outcomes of Measured and Predicted Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

BackgroundData on the long-term outcomes of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remain controversial. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical outcomes of measured PPM (PPMM) and predicted PPM (PPMP) in patients undergoing TAVI. MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 3,016 patients who underwent TAVI at a large Healthcare System between 2012 and 2021. Effective orifice area indexed to body surface area (EOAi) was measured at discharge using the continuity equation. EOAi was predicted according to the published predictive tables for each model and size of the valve. Primary endpoint was 5-year survival rate. ResultsMean age was 80 years and 55.6% were male. The mean STS risk score was 4.66%. 74.9% of patients received a BEV and 25.1% received a SEV. The incidence of severe PPM was markedly lower when defined by predicted vs. measured EOAi (0.8% vs. 6.3%, P < 0.001) and when assessed in SEV vs. BEV (5.3% vs. 6.6%, p= 0.02). Neither severe PPMp nor severe PPMM was associated with 5-year mortality (HR=1.26, 95% CI= 0.96-1.66, p=0.095; HR=1.03, 95% CI= 0.42-2.49, p=0.954, respectively), irrespective of the presence of high residual pressure gradient. Neither BEV nor SEV was associated with an increased 5-year mortality, irrespective of PPM definition or severity. ConclusionsIn this large healthcare system analysis, neither severe PPMP nor severe PPMM was associated with five-year all-cause mortality. There was no difference between BEV and SEV in terms of mortality, irrespective of the definition or severity of PPM.

Investigating the invariant solutions of (1+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera model using Lie symmetries analysis

Here attention is focused on the (1+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera (SK) model that is prominent in mathematical physics and engineering to analyze plasmas and coherent systems for communication. Our techniques offer fresh perspectives on the model’s attributes and structure, deepening our comprehension of the underlying dynamics. First, the SK model is reduced to ordinary differential equations by constructing the Lie symmetries and using the associated transformation. Graphs are used to build and display invariant solutions. This strategy has caused the revelation of novel constant solutions that have not been found in the previous works. We offer new understandings of nature and changes observed during the SK derivation by taking advantage of the Lie symmetries powerful tools. Next, the fluctuating layout of proposed framework is examined from several perspectives such as sensitivity and bifurcation analysis. We examined the bifurcation analysis of planar dynamical system by using bifurcation theory. We also include an external periodic perturbation term that breaks regular patterns in the perturbed dynamical system. Graphical structures are provided to display the invariant solutions. The sensitivity of the SK model is determined to be strong after sensitivity analysis under different initial conditions. These results are fascinating, fresh, and conceptually useful for understanding the suggested framework. In mathematics and the applied sciences, forecasting and learning about new technologies are greatly aided by the dynamic aspect of system processing.

Analysis of hysteresis loops and dielectric performance in the ovalene-like system: Monte Carlo study

This Monte Carlo study offers a comprehensive analysis of the ovalene-like system, emphasizing its dielectric behavior, thermal performance and hysteresis loops. The investigation reveals intricate dynamics influenced by diverse parameters, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the system’s response. Additionally, the study scrutinizes the impact of various physical parameters on the thermal behavior of polarizations and susceptibilities. The examination thoroughly explores the influence of these parameters on loop characteristics, coercive field, and saturation behavior, unveiling the formation of multiple loops and polarization plateaus on the electric hysteresis. In summary, this study advances our understanding of the ovalene-like system’s dielectric response, thermal characteristics and hysteresis dynamics, providing valuable insights for future research and applications, particularly in advanced electronic devices.