Analyzed Data Research Articles

Evaluation of the expression of LINCOO475 and FOXO1 genes as tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer: Correlation of bioinformatics tools and experimental approaches

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of malignancy in humans and is considered the most important life-threatening factor among women worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are thought to be potential transcripts that regulate the expression of important genes in vital processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, and oxidative stress. LINC00475 is an important lncRNA and is located on 9q22.31 and its expression is regulated by p53. FOXO1 gene is an important regulator in physiological processes such as cell maintenance and differentiation, stimulation of cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In this study, we focused on identifying a possible association between FOXO1 and LINC00475 expression levels in breast cancer. Bioinformatics expression and Microarray data analysis were utilized to find their potential role as novel biomarkers in breast cancer. The correlation of gene expression levels with the survival rate of patients was determined using GEPIA. LINC00475 and FOXO1 expression levels were validated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in 55 tumors and 40 normal tissues. Our experiments indicated a significant decrease in the expression level of LINC00475 and FOXO1 genes in tumor tissues compared to normal samples. Moreover, the specificity and sensitivity of all statistical criteria were significant between the two groups. Also, we revealed a positive relationship between LINC00475 and FOXO1 expression in tumor samples. Based on gene expression analysis and lncRNA data, it was shown that LINC00475 and FOXO1 could represent as potential diagnostic biomarkers for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Prevalence of clinical malaria and associated symptoms in pregnant women at Hamusit health center, Northwest Ethiopia

BackgroundMalaria is the disease caused by intracellular parasites known as Plasmodium species and is mainly transmitted by blood sucking female Anopheles mosquitoes. During pregnancy, malaria results in severe complications to the mother, the fetus and the newborn. Symptoms of malaria, such as fever, malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting, in pregnant women can be mistakenly attributed solely to pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of malaria in asymptomatic pregnant women has been well documented. However, studies indicating the prevalence and clinical presentation of malaria in pregnant women are lacking. Therefore, there is little information on the prevalence of malaria and significantly associated signs and symptoms in pregnant women. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and identify clinical signs and symptoms associated with malaria which suggest presence of malaria in pregnant women at Hamusit Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. MethodsA health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 231 malaria symptomatic pregnant women from April to June 2023. A convenience sampling technique was employed. The socio demographic and clinical data of the study participants was collected through face-to-face interview using questionnaire. Thick and thin blood films were prepared from capillary blood and stained with 10 % Giemsa. The stained blood smear was washed with clean water, air dried and examined under a light microscope. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 (SPSS 20) was used to analyses data. Logistic regression was used to assess signs and symptoms associated with malaria. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval was calculated, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThe overall prevalence of malaria among symptomatic pregnant women in the study area was 22.9 % (53/231) (95 % CI: 17.3–29 %). The most prevalent species was P. falciparum, with a frequency of 14.3 % (33/231) (95 % CI: 10 %–18.6 %), followed by P. vivax, 5.2 % (12/231) (95 % CI: (2.6 %–8.2 %). The remaining 3.5 % (8/231) (95 % CI: 1.8 %–6.7 %) were mixed infections of P. falciparum & P. vivax. Primigravidae (62.3 %) and first trimester pregnancies (52.8 %) were more affected. Malaria signs and symptoms mainly, fever [(P = 0.002, AOR (95%CI); 5.1(1.84, 14.30)], joint pain [(P = 0.001, AOR (95%CI); 7.8(2.24, 27.32)], vomiting [(P = 0.007, AOR (95%CI); 2.9(1.34, 6.43)], malaise [(P = 0.005, AOR (95%CI); 3.6(1.48, 8.67)] and fatigue [(P = 0.0039, AOR (95%CI); 2.1(1.04, 4.37)], were significantly associated with malaria infection in pregnant women. ConclusionsMalaria positivity in pregnant women with fever, joint pain, vomiting, malaise and fatigue is considerably high in the study area. These signs and symptoms in pregnant women are strong indicators of malaria infection.

Recent Patents on Thermal Characteristic Analysis and Modeling of Machine Tools

Abstract: Modern machining machines are becoming more sophisticated and automated, but the problems of thermal deformation caused by machining have also come to the fore. CNC machine tools are used in high-speed, high-feed rate machining conditions, so the impact of thermal deformation factors will lead to a more prominent loss of accuracy. In this context, the design and manufacture of future CNC machine tools need to take further account of the errors caused by thermal deformation and the accompanying loss of accuracy. The principle of thermal characterisation and thermal error modeling of machine tools is to measure and reasonably analyse the machine tool at different temperature points and make corrections to the analysis data in order to get a value as close as possible to the real value and improve machining accuracy. Several representative patents and studies on thermal characterisation and thermal error modeling of machine tools at home and abroad are reviewed. This study presents a selection and summary of a large number of recent patents and studies on machine tool thermal characterisation and thermal error modeling, focusing on the selection of the machine tool thermal error measurement point area, thermal error modeling methods, spindle thermal displacement compensation, and other aspects, and discusses the future trends in the mainstream methods for reducing the thermal error of machine tools. The analysis and modeling of thermal errors in machine tools have an integral influence on further improvements in machining accuracy and efficiency in the future.

PYROLYSIS OF FOLIC ACID: IDENTIFICATION OF GASEOUS/VOLATILE PRODUCTS AND STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF N-DOPED GRAPHITIC CARBON

Folic acid (FA) is a low-cost and suitable source for producing different N-doped carbon materials by pyrolysis. However, the pyrolytic steps of FA are not entirely understood, particularly above 350°C, which hampers the intelligent design of tailor-made carbon materials by a one-pot route. In this work, the pyrolytic decomposition steps of FA were investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). The released gaseous/volatile products were probed by coupling TGA to infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (TGA-FTIR-MS). Considering the thermal analysis data, FA was pyrolysed in a furnace at 350, 430, 570, 800, and 1000°C, and the products were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) experiments were also conducted under the nitrogen atmosphere. According to the data set, insights about FA decomposition steps could be proposed, including gaseous/volatile products released during the process and the structural evolution of N-doped graphitic carbon. The formation of carbonaceous material initiated between 200-350°C through polymerisation/condensation reactions, and this step was marked by the release of 2-pyrrolidone and aniline. The graphitisation was enhanced above 350°C, increasing graphitic nitrogen while the amide groups vanished. The process was accompanied by deoxygenation (i.e., CO and CO2 release) and denitrogenation (e.g., NH3, HNCO, and HCN) reactions. In the 570-800°C range, the N-enrichment of carbon material (N-pyridine, N-pyrrole/Csp2-N in 5,7-membered rings, and nitrile) could occur by the reaction of released NH3 over the char surface. Graphitic-like structures containing mainly N-graphite and N-pyridine were obtained above 800°C. The original data about the thermal decomposition steps of FA allow for optimising the synthesis of N-doped carbon materials suitable for applications in adsorption, sensing, catalysis, and energy storage.

The contribution of different sperm parameters to better explain ram semen cryoresistance

In order to determine an effective procedure for explaining ram sperm cryoresistance and develop a new model for breeders classification, a retrospective study was conducted using sperm analysis data obtained over two consecutive years from a total of 82 sessions of ram semen cryopreservation. In each session, fresh ejaculates from eight males were collected via artificial vagina, pooled and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapors. After thawing, a total of 19,084 sperm tracks and 11,319 morphometric measurements were analysed. Clustering analyses were applied to establish motile and morphometric sperm subpopulations. Additionally, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, as well mitochondrial activity using flow cytometry immediately after sperm thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test (HOST) was assessed. To develop a Ram Sperm Cryoresistance Index, Principal Component Analyses (PCA) using 22 variables were conducted. In the first PCA, the parameters that best explain cryoresistance include total motility (TM), motile subpopulation 2 (motSP2, which groups slow, very linear spermatozoa with low lateral head displacement), morphometric subpopulation 1 (morphSP1, grouping spermatozoa with the smallest head size and lowest shape values), sperm plasma membrane integrity immediately after thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test. These parameters collectively account for 77.34 % of the accumulated variance. To emphasize their importance, a second PCA was performed, revealing significant higher weighting coefficients for the quantity (TM) and quality (motSP2) of sperm movement after thawing, compared to the head size and shape of the thawed sperm (morphSP1). Furthermore, HOST Viability played a more decisive role than what was observed under isotonic conditions.

The contribution of different sperm parameters to better explain ram semen cryoresistance

In order to determine an effective procedure for explaining ram sperm cryoresistance and develop a new model for breeders classification, a retrospective study was conducted using sperm analysis data obtained over two consecutive years from a total of 82 sessions of ram semen cryopreservation. In each session, fresh ejaculates from eight males were collected via artificial vagina, pooled and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapors. After thawing, a total of 19,084 sperm tracks and 11,319 morphometric measurements were analysed. Clustering analyses were applied to establish motile and morphometric sperm subpopulations. Additionally, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, as well mitochondrial activity using flow cytometry immediately after sperm thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test (HOST) was assessed.To develop a Ram Sperm Cryoresistance Index, Principal Component Analyses (PCA) using 22 variables were conducted. In the first PCA, the parameters that best explain cryoresistance include total motility (TM), motile subpopulation 2 (motSP2, which groups slow, very linear spermatozoa with low lateral head displacement), morphometric subpopulation 1 (morphSP1, grouping spermatozoa with the smallest head size and lowest shape values), sperm plasma membrane integrity immediately after thawing and following hypoosmotic shock test. These parameters collectively account for 77.34% of the accumulated variance. To emphasize their importance, a second PCA was performed, revealing significant higher weighting coefficients for the quantity (TM) and quality (motSP2) of sperm movement after thawing, compared to the head size and shape of the thawed sperm (morphSP1). Furthermore, HOST Viability played a more decisive role than what was observed under isotonic conditions.

Designing an ESP Syllabus for International Relations: Insights from a Needs Analysis Study

The distinct research of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) for International Relations (IR) students is rarely explored despite the growing need of ESP for this particular group of students. These students must demonstrate proficiency in specific language competences for a variety of purposes, including arguing, negotiating, and participating in IR-related debates. Facilitating students' ownership of the necessary capabilities is critical to ensuring that they acquire them successfully.This study aims to depict the important use of needs analysis in syllabus making for EFIR (English for International Relations). A decent preparation of the syllabus contributes to the success of the ESP implementation. In this study, the researcher involved students and expert practitioners’ intuitions as the sources of the needs analysis. The participants of this research were 108 IR students and two expert practitioners. These students were asked to filled out a questionnaire while some more-detailed interviews were conducted by involving nine stand out students that represent high, middle and low-achiever students. In addition, the four expert practitioners that consist of two lecturers and two IR graduates were interviewed to enrich the needs analysis data. All of the data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The finding of this study is the syllabus that can be applied for universities that provide the same ESP program for its students. The syllabus that was constructed by considering the stakeholders' needs analysis hopefully could be a useful guidance for EFIR implementation.

Tislelizumab in previously treated, locally advanced unresectable/metastatic microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient solid tumors.

The open-label, phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab (anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody) as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors. Adults with previously treated, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors were enrolled. Patients received tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective response rate (ORR; primary endpoint), duration of response (DoR), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed by independent review committee (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1). Eighty patients were enrolled and treated; 75 (93.8%) patients had measurable disease at baseline. Most had metastatic disease and received at least one prior therapy for advanced/metastatic disease (n=79; 98.8%). At primary analysis (data cutoff July 8, 2021; median follow-up 15.2 months), overall ORR [46.7%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 35.1-58.6; one-sided P<0.0001] and ORR across tumor-specific subgroups [colorectal (n=46): 39.1% (95% CI, 25.1-54.6); gastric/gastroesophageal junction (n=9): 55.6% (95% CI, 21.2-86.3); others (n=20): 60.0% (95% CI, 36.1-80.9)] were significantly greater with tislelizumab vs. a prespecified historical control ORR of 10%; five (6.7%) patients had complete responses. Median DoR, PFS, and overall survival were not reached with long-term follow-up (data cutoff December 5, 2022; median follow-up 28.9 months). Tislelizumab was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of grade ≥3 occurred in 53.8% of patients; 7.5% of patients discontinued treatment due to TRAEs. Tislelizumab demonstrated a significant ORR improvement in patients with previously treated, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR tumors and was generally well tolerated.

Problematika Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Kelas 11 di SMA N 1 Bangsri

The independent curriculum, announced by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture Nadiem Anwar Makarim, is a new basic concept in the world of education. Islamic religious education directs students' physical and spiritual aspects based on religious standards. This research was conducted on Tuesday, January 9 2024 and Wednesday, January 19 2024 at SMA N 1 Bangsri. The aim of carrying out the research is to study problems related to the application of the independent curriculum in the class 11 PAI study field at the school. The subjects in the research were the head of the curriculum, grade 11 PAI teachers and grade 11 students. This study used qualitative methodology, which means collecting data from observations, interviews and documentation. Data collection techniques using primary data sources. Data analysis techniques, including collection, condensation, data display and verification. The results of the research that has been carried out state that the independent curriculum in class 11 PAI at SMA N 1 Bangsri has been implemented well. Outside of class, students are asked to carry out the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5). There are several problems related to the application of the independent curriculum in PAI subjects, such as lack of training for teachers, difficulty in implementing differentiated learning, and a lack of learning support facilities, such as slow internet speed. Resolving related problems can be addressed through meetings between teachers, condensing material and sharing between teachers.

Problematika Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Kelas 11 di SMA N 1 Bangsri

The independent curriculum, announced by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture Nadiem Anwar Makarim, is a new basic concept in the world of education. Islamic religious education directs students' physical and spiritual aspects based on religious standards. This research was conducted on Tuesday, January 9 2024 and Wednesday, January 19 2024 at SMA N 1 Bangsri. The aim of carrying out the research is to study problems related to the application of the independent curriculum in the class 11 PAI study field at the school. The subjects in the research were the head of the curriculum, grade 11 PAI teachers and grade 11 students. This study used qualitative methodology, which means collecting data from observations, interviews and documentation. Data collection techniques using primary data sources. Data analysis techniques, including collection, condensation, data display and verification. The results of the research that has been carried out state that the independent curriculum in class 11 PAI at SMA N 1 Bangsri has been implemented well. Outside of class, students are asked to carry out the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5). There are several problems related to the application of the independent curriculum in PAI subjects, such as lack of training for teachers, difficulty in implementing differentiated learning, and a lack of learning support facilities, such as slow internet speed. Resolving related problems can be addressed through meetings between teachers, condensing material and sharing between teachers.

Collective Identity During Societal Regression: Transformation from Self-Identification to Sub-Human Trait Associations

In this study, collective identity is explored in relation to socio-political discourses within a historical context through the 13th regression element, which is an association of others with subhuman traits. Arguments are supported through longitudinal documentary analysis and secondary data from unstructured interviews. Discourse analysis was used to analyse data. This article presents several symbolisms relevant to emerging collective identity discourses and provides evidence of how socio-political changes throughout history can cause a change or confusion in collective identity. It also argues that societies with prolonged ethnic conflict, which are under the profound influence of a mainland, are very likely to have dual identities and dissimilar identifications among their group members. Through its analysis, this article develops Volkan’s Tree Model and suggests a phase IV in light of the existing dynamics in Cyprus. This study suggests the inclusion of all possible stages in co-existence, from dissociation to unification, in proposed phase IV.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of tax analysis for the company

Tax committees routinely scrutinize the accrued tax payments, assessing their dynamics through data extracted from tax registers, financial and tax reports. This analysis unveils various reasons for non-payment of tax liabilities and pinpoints factors influencing the formation of the tax base. Adhering to the provisions of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan is crucial for accurately determining the tax base for each type of tax. The analytical process unfolds in stages throughout the reporting year, enabling the tracking of tax liabilities’ dynamics, identification of unpaid amounts, monitoring changes in tax policy, and evaluating the impact of tax changes on the overall tax burden. In addition, it should be noted that all the work of analysts is aimed at preventing tax offences. As sources of analysis we recommend using primary accounting data, tax accounting data in the form of tax registers, financial and tax reporting. A tax analysis is necessary in order to answer the question of how much the company pays taxes to the budget. Based on the tax analysis data, each manager independently determines the optimal tax burden and, depending on this, takes measures for tax planning. Based on the results of the tax analysis, it is possible to determine which taxes are repaid on time, and, if necessary, develop specific measures to reduce the tax burden. Given the evolving landscape of the digital economy in Kazakhstan, the relevance of studying tax analysis becomes imperative. The article comprehensively explores the essence, purpose, and objectives of enterprise tax analysis, delves into the information support necessary for tax analysis, and proposes a systematic approach to indicators for effective tax analysis.

Potential of Liquid Probiotics Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans on Broiler Chicken Carcas Percentage and Business Analysis

The aim of this research was to find out liquid probiotic Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans as feed aditive to carcass percentage and economic analysis in broiler. This research used 24 broiler aged 20 day. P0 (control group) was given 2 ml of aquadest. P1, P2, and P3 were given liquid probiotic Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans with different dosage respectively (2 ml, 4 ml, and 6 ml). The sample of data was taken by weighing broiler manually. The data of carcass percentageanalyzed using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if showed significant difference, continue by Duncan test as post-hoc test. The data of business analysis analyzed by descriptive. The result of this research was indicate that all doses 2 ml, 4 ml and 6 ml of liquid probiotic were significnat difference (p&lt;0.05) in carcass percentage. The result of doses 4 ml of liquid probiotic was most higher than doses 2 ml and 6 ml in carcass percentage. Business analysis in this research gave effect in contribution margin and value &gt; 1 of the revenue cost ratio which could be stated that the broiler business was feasible.

Examining the relationship between electoral violence, State security and democratization in Ghana's Fourth Republic

Electoral violence has become a recurring challenge in Africa, posing a significant threat to democracy, political stability, and human security. This paper explores the relationship between state security and electoral violence in the African context and draws valuable lessons for Ghana. The objectives of this study include investigating the causes and dynamics of electoral violence in Africa, analyzing the role of state security agencies in preventing and mitigating electoral violence, assessing lessons that Ghana could learn from other African countries' experiences, and proposing recommendations to enhance state security and prevent electoral violence in Ghana's Fourth Republic. The paper adopted an explanatory sequential mixed method design. The approach combined the quantitative data analysis and qualitative data collection through literature reviews, interviews, and focus group discussions. By identifying causes and dynamics of electoral violence, assessing the performance of state security agencies, and drawing lessons from successful strategies employed in other African countries. The aim of the study is to add to the existing literature the development of effective measures for ensuring peaceful and fair elections in Ghana. The results reveal a positive and direct relationship between electoral violence and democratization. Furthermore, the research discloses a positive and direct relationship between electoral violence and state security. Finally, the results reveal that state security has an intermediating effect between electoral violence and democratization. The research findings will inform policymakers, election officials, and relevant stakeholders in designing strategies to reduce electoral violence and promote democratic processes in Ghana and across the African continent. Based on these, the study recommends the provision of trusted security, a constitutional review, and an increment of trust in the electoral space.

Scenarios for the introduction of hydrogen in the global fuel and energy complex, taking into account the analysis of the economic prerequisites for the inclusion of hydrogen in the global energy balance

Subject. This article discusses possible scenarios for the development of the global hydrogen market in the context of changes in the global energy balance. Objectives. The article aims to determine the prospects for the inclusion of hydrogen in the world energy balance in the process of its transformation, and analyze the economic prerequisites for the use of hydrogen. Methods. For the study, I used a content analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical data. Results. The article presents the author-developed methodology for analyzing the economic prerequisites for the inclusion of hydrogen in the global energy balance, which includes an assessment of the full cost of the hydrogen chain, inertia factors, regulatory and subsidy costs, possible benefits from the use of hydrogen instead of traditional fuels, cost reduction, as well as the calculation of investment indicators. The article assesses forecasts and strategies for the development of hydrogen energy in the world. Conclusions and Relevance. Creating safe, low-cost and reliable ways to transport and store hydrogen will provide an opportunity to replace fossil fuels in the transportation market. The results of the study can be used in decision-making by states and energy companies regarding the development of hydrogen energy and investment in technologies for the production, transportation and storage of hydrogen.

Islamic Management and Risk Management Applications in Pesantren Based on Waqf

Waqf-based educational institutions are currently still in the "low" category, according to Indonesia's National Waqf Index (IWN) report. In this case, pesantren is an educational institution that was mostly established with waqf assets and has recently experienced fairly good development; pesantren are also categorized as waqf-based schools and were established by nadzir to waqf managers, currently totaling 26.23% of the total number of schools in Indonesia. This waqf-based school still has shortcomings in its management, as seen from its small development. The relatively low number of the National Waqf Index (IWN) occurs because philanthropists currently do not see good results from waqf management. Of the various purposes for which waqf assets are allocated, pesantren is one of the choices for which nadzir can endow their assets. However, there are still many obstacles found in management, and in general, they must be overcome by waqf managers. The method of analysis in this research uses descriptive literature analysis and primary data from semi-structured interviews in the in-depth interview category. Moreover, the results of the analysis found various important principles and steps of risk management according to Islam. They included the benefits of risk management for waqf-based pesantren by applying Islamic management and risk management. The implementation uses the principles of Islamic management and applies the initial planning stages of risk management. Pesantren must also follow the development of government schools so that they can compete and walk together for the advancement of education.

Systemic Means of Persuasion and Argument Evaluation

The paper discusses the role of systemic means of persuasion in argument evaluation. The core class of systemic means of persuasion is regress stoppers, whose fundamental function is to halt the infinite regress of justification by making claims, premises, or overall position expressed in a persuasive message more acceptable to a recipient. The paper explores how systemic means of persuasion contribute to the structure of arguments in the Toulmin model and serve as cues for heuristic processing of persuasive messages. It also presents the results of the stylometric analysis and statistical data on the usage of systemic means of persuasion in three corpora which suggest that systemic means of persuasion constitute strategies independent of the strategy based on explicit argumentation marked by inference indicators.

Implementation of the Protection Policy for Children with Disabilities in the Rumah Anak Prestasi Surabaya City

Implementation of the policy for protecting children with disabilities in Rumah Anak Prestasi (RAP) by referring to Surabaya City Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2023 concerning Amendments to Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2011 concerning Implementation of Child Protection. The number of children with disabilities in Surabaya City in 2023 is 2,562 children, this is not comparable to the number of registrants in the 2023 RAP, a total of 599 children. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. There were 4 informants, the Head of the Rehabilitation Division at the Surabaya City Social Service, the Head of the State Children's Village UPTD, RAP administrative staff, and the parents of participants at the Achievement Children's Home. Data analysis (1) data condensation, (2) data display, and (3) drawing conclusions/verification. The results of the research on the implementation of the policy for protecting children with disabilities at the RAP were said to be successful with various training and services provided to participants at the RAP in Semolowaru and Sonokwijenan. Conclusion: The implementation of the policy for protecting children with disabilities in the City of Surabaya (case study of the Achievement Children's Home) was successful, seen from the various training and services provided to participants of the RAP in Semolowaru and Sonokwijenan. However, the organizational capability, information and support factors need to be improved.

Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for Vandetanib: Application to Degradation Studies by LC-MS

Objective: The central goal of this research was to formulate and validate a stability-demonstrating assay approach using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the assessment of vandetanib, its primary degradation products, and their respective degradation pathways, which were identified and characterized using liquid chromatography-electrophore spray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS).Methods: The method was designed and developed by employing a Grace C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm x4.0 μm) and deploying a mixture of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in H2O (in a proportion of 90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase, with a flow rate maintained at 1-mL/min. The analytes were detected at a wavelength of 249 nm. Additionally, vandetanib was subjected to various stress conditions, including acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic degradation, to unearth the degradation paths for the principal degradation products.Results: The approach was meticulously formulated and validated to ensure robustness, linearity, precision, accuracy, and linear regression analysis data. A high correlation coefficient of 0.9985 was obtained in the 2 to 12 μg/mL concentration range, demonstrating a robust linear relationship. Moreover, the limit of detection (LoD) and the limit of quantification (LoQ) were found to be 0.166 and 0.503 μg/mL, respectively. In the stress degradation studies, we noticed that vandetanib degraded in alkaline and acidic mediums. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique was used to characterize the degradation products.Conclusion: The devised method demonstrated itself to be quick, sensitive, precise, accurate, and robust for the vandetanib analysis, thereby facilitating its routine testing.

First Examples of s-Metal Complexes with Subporphyrazine and Its Phenylene-Annulated Derivatives: DFT Calculations.

Using quantum chemical calculation data obtained by the DFT method with the B3PW91/TZVP and M062X/def2TZVP theory levels, the possibility of the existence of four Be(II) coordination compounds, each of which contains in the inner coordination sphere and the double deprotonated forms of subporphyrazine (H2SP), mono[benzo]subporphyrazine (H2MBSP), di[benzo]subporphyrazine (H2DBSP), and tri[benzo]subporphyrazine (subphthalocyanine) (H2TBSP) with a ratio Be(II) ion/ligand = 1:1, were examined Selected geometric parameters of the molecular structures of these (666)macrotricyclic complexes with closed contours are given; it was noted that BeN3 chelate nodes have a trigonal-pyramidal structure and exhibit a very significant (almost 30°) deviation from coplanarity; however, all three 6-membered metal-chelate and three 5-membered non-chelate rings in each of these compounds are practically planar and deviate from coplanarity by no more than 2.5°. The bond angles between two nitrogen atoms and a Be atom are equal to 60° (in the [BeSP] and [BeTBSP]) or less by no more than 0.5° (in the [BeMBSP] and [BeDBSP]). The presence of annulated benzo groups has little effect on the parameters of the molecular structures of these complexes. Good agreement between the structural data obtained using the above two versions of the DFT method was noticed. NBO analysis data for these complexes are presented; it was noted that, according to both DFT methods used, the ground state of the each of complexes under study is a spin singlet. Standard thermodynamic parameters of formation (standard enthalpy ΔfH0, entropy S0, and Gibbs free energy ΔfG0) for the above-mentioned macrocyclic compounds were calculated.