Multi-source Analysis Research Articles

When Does Cross-Cultural Motivation Enhance Expatriate Effectiveness? A Multilevel Investigation of the Moderating Roles of Subsidiary Support and Cultural Distance

Departing from the emphasis on individual-level stress processes in prior expatriate research, we develop a multilevel model of expatriate “cross-cultural motivation and effectiveness” (motivation and effectiveness pertaining to cross-cultural contexts) that incorporates the influences of foreign subsidiary–level attributes. Analyses of multisource and multilevel data collected from 556 expatriates in 31 foreign subsidiaries indicated that expatriate cross-cultural motivation was more positively related to work adjustment—and that work adjustment was more likely to mediate the positive relationship between cross-cultural motivation and job performance—when expatriates were assigned to foreign subsidiaries characterized by lower levels of subsidiary support and cultural distance.

Power Asymmetry and Learning in Teams: The Moderating Role of Performance Feedback

Past research suggests that power asymmetry within teams can have a stifling effect on team learning and performance. We argue here that this effect is contingent on whether power advantages within a team are used to advance individual or collective interests. This study considers the moderating role of one factor that can influence the individual or collective orientation of team members—the type of performance feedback that a team receives. We propose that whereas individual feedback reinforces the negative effects of power asymmetry on team learning, group feedback fosters a collective orientation within a team that transforms power differences into a stimulus for team learning. Analysis of multisource, multimethod data obtained from 218 individuals in 46 teams provided support for these hypotheses. Results also suggested that team learning mediated the relationship between power asymmetry and team performance. These findings suggest that power asymmetry can be a resource for and not just an obstacle to team learning in power-asymmetric teams.

School Adjustment of Children in Residential Care: a Multi-Source Analysis

School adjustment is one the greatest challenges in residential child care programs. This study has two aims: to analyze school adjustment compared to a normative population, and to carry out a multi-source analysis (child, classmates, and teacher) of this adjustment. A total of 50 classrooms containing 60 children from residential care units were studied. The "Método de asignación de atributos perceptivos" (Allocation of perceptive attributes; Díaz-Aguado, 2006), the "Test Autoevaluativo Multifactorial de Adaptación Infantil" (TAMAI [Multifactor Self-assessment Test of Child Adjustment]; Hernández, 1996) and the "Protocolo de valoración para el profesorado (Evaluation Protocol for Teachers; Fernández del Valle, 1998) were applied. The main results indicate that, compared with their classmates, children in residential care are perceived as more controversial and less integrated at school, although no differences were observed in problems of isolation. The multi-source analysis shows that there is agreement among the different sources when the externalized and visible aspects are evaluated. These results are discussed in connection with the practices that are being developed in residential child care programs.

Can a manager have a life and a career? International and multisource perspectives on work-life balance and career advancement potential.

The present study was the first cross-national examination of whether managers who were perceived to be high in work-life balance were expected to be more or less likely to advance in their careers than were less balanced, more work-focused managers. Using self ratings, peer ratings, and supervisor ratings of 9,627 managers in 33 countries, the authors examined within-source and multisource relationships with multilevel analyses. The authors generally found that managers who were rated higher in work-life balance were rated higher in career advancement potential than were managers who were rated lower in work-life balance. However, national gender egalitarianism, measured with Project GLOBE scores, moderated relationships based on supervisor and self ratings, with stronger positive relationships in low egalitarian cultures. The authors also found 3-way interactions of work-life balance ratings, ratee gender, and gender egalitarianism in multisource analyses in which self balance ratings predicted supervisor and peer ratings of advancement potential. Work-life balance ratings were positively related to advancement potential ratings for women in high egalitarian cultures and men in low gender egalitarian cultures, but relationships were nonsignificant for men in high egalitarian cultures and women in low egalitarian cultures.

A Multisource Analysis of Hurricane Vince

A Multisource Analysis of Hurricane Vince

A Dempster–Shafer Relaxation Approach to Context Classification

A relaxation scheme is proposed in which Dempster-Shafer evidential theory is used to bring the effect of the spatial neighborhood of a pixel into a classification. The benefits include the ability to incorporate uncertainty in the neighborhood information, allowing a stopping criterion to be devised based on increasing the uncertainty contribution of the neighborhood to unity within a prescribed number of iterations. The number of iterations to be used is governed by several factors, including an estimate of how far out in the neighborhood pixels are assumed to be influential. As with standard relaxation labeling, but unlike many other context-sensitive methods, the evidential approach can be initialized from the results of a separate point statistical classification of the image; it is also consistent with multisource analyses based on evidential methods for fusion. A variation of evidential relaxation using considerably simplified neighborhood information is also developed, illustrating that very good results can be obtained without detailed knowledge of the spatial properties of a scene. The new procedures are compared experimentally with standard probabilistic relaxation and the application of Markov random fields

Convergent and discriminant validity of trait and source effects in ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity measures across a 3-month interval.

Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait (ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity) by multisource (teachers and parents) design across a 3-month interval in a sample of 360 Australian elementary school children. The purpose was to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the ADHD-inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) measures. Although similar traits and similar sources showed stronger correlations across time than dissimilar traits and dissimilar sources, the amount of source variance in the ADHD-IN and ADHD-H/I measures was substantial and consistent across the interval (M = 59%; range = 35-84%). This large amount of source variance raises the possibility that the correlations of the IN and H/I rating scales with other constructs (e.g., social competence, conduct problems) represent mostly source rather than trait effects. Multitrait by multisource analyses provide a means to answer this question and further advance understanding of ADHD.

A multivariate analysis of the revised Conners' Teacher Rating Scale with low-income, urban preschool children.

The present investigation addressed the utility of the revised Conners' Teachers Rating Scale (CTRS-28) with low-income urban preschool children. CTRS-28 ratings for a large sample of preschool children from an urban Head Start program were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Analyses yielded a 3-factor structure: Conduct problems, Hyperactivity, and Passivity. Further analyses cross-validated this structure for males and females and supported its integrity. Multimethod, multisource validity analyses substantiated the CTRS-28 dimensions. The Play Disruption factor of the parent and teacher Penn Interactive Peer Play Scales (PIPPS) provided convergent validity for the Conduct and Hyperactivity factors of the CTRS-28, whereas the Play Interaction factor revealed divergent validity. The Play Disconnection factor of the PIPPS validated the CTRS-28 Passivity factor. The Q-Sort Emotional Regulation scale provided divergent validity for the Conduct and Hyperactivity factors and likewise the Q-Sort Autonomy scale provided divergent validity for the Passivity factor. Age and sex differences were assessed across the 3 factors of the derived preschool structure. A main effect was found for sex and age indicating that boys displayed higher levels of Hyperactivity and Passivity problems than girls did. Similarly, 4-year-old children demonstrated higher levels of Passivity problems than did 5-year-old children.

Family-Oriented Early Intervention Policies and Practices: Family-Centered or Not?

This article includes a multimethod, multisource analysis and synthesis of the degree to which contemporary family-oriented early intervention policies and practices are family centered. Federal laws and legislation, state-level policy positions, and the viewpoints of service providers and consumers were analyzed as part of the study. The findings, taken together, indicate a movement toward adoption of family-centered early intervention policies and practices at the different levels of analysis. There are, however, discrepancies between what state-level policymakers and "street-level" providers and consumers see as current beliefs and practices within states.

Master-equation analysis of proton spectra from 16O- and 58Ni-induced reactions

Central-like collisions have been singled out from inclusive proton spectra from reactions induced by 16O at 25.2 MeV nucleon and 58Ni at 15.1 solMeV nucleon on 27Al, 46Ti, 60Ni, 120Sn, 124Sn and 197Au by use of a refined multisource analysis. Angle-integrated spectra from these collisions have been compared with Boltzamann master-equation calculations. The obtained agreement is quite satisfactory. The role of collective effects in determining the initial number of effective degrees of freedom, n> 0, is investigated and an alternative explanation of the observed increase of n 0 with the target mass number is attempted. The excitation energy per effective degree of freedom, E ∗/n 0 , is found to be constant for a given projectile and to depend only on the per-nucleon bombarding energy.

Determination of the initial number of degrees of freedom in nucleus-nucleus collisions

Abstract Inclusive proton spectra from collisions of 32S on 27Al, 46Ti, 60Ni, 120Sn, 124Sn and 197Au at 503.7 and 678.8 MeV have been analyzed. Contributions from central-like collisions have been singled out using a refined multisource analysis and compared with a Boltzmann master-equation calculation. This comparison yields n0, the initial number of degrees of freedom that share the available energy. The dependence of n0 on various physical quantities has been investigated. A smooth dependence of n0−Ap (Ap, the projectile mass number) on the entrance-channel-asymmetry parameter has been observed.

Sharing of the excitation energy in the initial stages of nucleus-nucleus collisions.

Inclusive proton spectra from reactions induced by $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ projectiles have been decomposed by use of a refined multisource analysis. Yields from centrallike collisions have been extracted and compared with Boltzmann-master-equation predictions. The comparison yields the initial number of degrees of freedom, ${n}_{0}$. The excitation energy per initial degree of freedom, $\frac{{E}^{*}}{{n}_{0}}$, is found to be essentially independent of the colliding masses, depending only on the per-nucleon energy of the projectile. An empirical relation connecting $\frac{{E}^{*}}{{n}_{0}}$ with the available incident energy is given.