Genetic Diversity Analysis Research Articles

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis in Guar

Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] was domesticated in India and Pakistan. It is mainly self-pollinated, bushy, and deeply tap-rooted. Guar seed endosperm contains galactomannan gum, which is used in many food products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, explosives, meat products, and pet foods, and in the textile industry, yet its genetic diversity remains largely underexplored. Using 7000 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers acquired from genotyping by sequencing (GBS), we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure in 225 guar accessions from India, Pakistan, and the United States. Structure Harvester revealed that K = 3 had the best delta K, whereas K = 2 had the second-highest delta K. Three major genetic clusters (K = 3) were identified using population structure analysis, utilizing an admixture model: 156 accessions (69.3%) were classified into Q1, 23 accessions (10.2%) in Q2, and 16 accessions (7.1%) in Q3. The remaining 30 accessions (13.3%) were included in the admixture. In all three of the subpopulations at K = 3, most of the guar accessions came from India. We also found that these clusters mostly correlated with geographic origins. Results showed that the Q2 and Q3 subpopulations included only guar accessions from India. Genetic resources from Q2 and Q3 may represent an untapped reservoir for introducing beneficial variety into the U.S. breeding populations. This genetic diversity and population structure analysis of the guar gene pool will be of interest to conduct allele mining and donor parent selection for the development of new and better guar germplasm for desired traits.

Identification and genetic diversity analysis of specific walnut F1 progeny based on SSR molecular markers: taking heart-shaped walnuts and Jinghong 1 as examples

Identification and genetic diversity analysis of specific walnut F1 progeny based on SSR molecular markers: taking heart-shaped walnuts and Jinghong 1 as examples

The Future of Artificial Intelligence and Genetic Insights in Precision Cardiovascular Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract A medical condition called cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects the heart or blood vessels, and about 40% of its causes can be attributed to genetic factors. The pathophysiology of CVD is still unknown despite numerous studies identifying important environmental and genetic factors. Genetic data research has significantly increased due to the application of genome-wide association studies. The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrates clear advantages in managing intricate projects, outperforming traditional statistical methods in processing such data. The use of AI in the status of genetic research on CVD and medicine is briefly reviewed in the opening section of this article. Then, it gives a complete picture of how AI is used in genetic CVD research, including genetic data-driven diagnosis and prognosis, genetic variation analysis, gene expression profiles, gene interactions, and analysis of genes using knowledge bases. Even though much research has yielded significant findings, it is still early. The main disadvantages are database limitations, the underuse of AI in systematic biology analysis, and the lack of a theoretical framework for interpreting analysis results. The paper concludes with future directions and the significance of creating comprehensive, high-quality, large-sample-size data-sharing resources. Much research is going into how to use AI analysis techniques to help with development. Being creative with computers can help make new CVD intervention protocols and develop and test theoretical models.

Phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of Arunachali Yak (Bos grunniens) using mitochondrial DNA D-loop region.

The Arunachali yak (Bos grunniens) is an important breed native to the northeastern Himalayas of India. Understanding its genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships with other bovine species is crucial for effective conservation and breeding strategies. This study investigates the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region of Arunachali yak and compares it with other bovines to elucidate these relationships. We collected blood samples from 18 Arunachali yak individuals and isolated genomic DNA. The partial mtDNA D-loop region was amplified using PCR and sequenced. Sequences were compared with those from Bos frontalis, Bos gaurus, Bos indicus, Bubalus bubalis, and Capra hircus available in GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed through Neighbor-Joining trees and median-joining networks. Genetic diversity indices and neutrality tests were applied to evaluate population genetic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct clades, with Arunachali yak clustering closely with Bos indicus, and forming a separate branch from other bovine species. Median-joining networks revealed six haplogroups, with Arunachali yak uniquely representing Hap_3. Genetic diversity analysis showed no polymorphism within Arunachali yak, indicating very low genetic variation in the selected animal samples. AMOVA demonstrated significant genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.30053, P < 0.001), with a substantial portion of variation occurring within populations. The Arunachali yak exhibits a close genetic relationship with Bos indicus, reflecting recent divergence. The study underscores the distinct genetic profile of Arunachali yak and highlights its limited genetic variability. These findings enhance our understanding of bovine evolutionary relationships and emphasize the need for targeted conservation measures to preserve the genetic integrity of Arunachali yak.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Yield and Sheath Blight Screening

Sheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is considered the second most important disease affecting rice, causing yield reduction globally. In the present study thirty diverse rice genotypes were inoculated with fungal mycelia during the maximum tillering stage to assess the genetic diversity of rice genotypes for sheath blight reactions. Mahalanobis D2 statistics was performed for grain yield and yield contributing features under sheath blight stress to calculate the genetic divergence between the genotypes. Four clusters were formed from the genotypes. Cluster III has the highest number of genotypes (nine). The highest inter-cluster distance was noticed between cluster I and cluster IV (11.41) and minimum between cluster III and cluster IV (6.50). The intra-cluster distances were lower, indicating the homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. Maximum intra-cluster D2 value was recorded in cluster IV (6.32) and minimum in cluster II (5.36). Cluster I showed high genetic divergence from all other clusters. Hence, the genotypes from cluster I could be used for hybridization with the genotypes of other clusters to develop high yielding sheath blight resistant rice varieties.

Genetic Divergence Analysis for Quantitative Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm under Irrigated Conditions

The present study was with the aim of knowing genetic divergence analysis for quantitative traits among the rice genotypes for agronomical and yield traits. The experimental material consists of 36 rice genotypes sown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and observations recorded on randomly selected five plants for 13 quantitative traits. The results indicated that the genotype Nagarjuna shows greater yield among the genotypes. The genetic parameters show high GCV and PCV in grain yield per plant, and according to D2 analysis, the 36 genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters based on Tocher's method of cluster formation. Cluster I is the largest cluster, consisting of 29 genotypes, while Cluster II has 3 genotypes. Cluster III, IV, V, and VI were the smallest, with only a single genotype. The maximum intra-cluster distance was found in cluster II (39.19), followed by cluster I (30.15), and the maximum inter-cluster distance was shown in between cluster VI and cluster II (178.97), followed by cluster VI and cluster V (151.75). Based on cluster means, Cluster III (39.67) shows greater among 6 clusters for grain yield per plant as contributing the highest among all the quantitative characters. Hence, these traits could be focused on for selection while improving seed yield and seed quality. On the basis of their greater inter-cluster distance, high value of cluster means, and performance of the individual germplasms for the character, the germplasm could be used in improving seed yield and seed quality programs for improvement of different plant characters of the rice.

Analysis of clinical phenotypes and genetic variations in two pedigrees affected with Weiss-Kruszka syndrome.

Weiss-Kruszka syndrome (WSKA) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies caused by variants in the zinc finger protein 462 gene (ZNF462). About 40 cases of Weiss-Kruszka syndrome have been reported worldwide, and the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic causes of three patients from two Weiss-Kruszka syndrome family pedigrees with the aim of accumulating more data on the disease. To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of two pedigrees with Weiss-Kruszka syndrome. The clinical data and family history of patients and family members of two pedigrees with Weiss-Kruszka syndrome were collected, and the pathogenic genes of the patients were analysed by whole-exon sequencing. Suspicious variants were verified by Sanger sequencing verification and bioinformatics prediction. Proband 1 has developmental delay, autistic behaviour, and abnormal electroencephalogram results. WES revealed a classical heterozygous c.6696-2A > C splice variant of the ZNF462 gene, which was detected in neither parent. This position was conserved, and the variant was predicted to be deleterious. Minigene assays revealed that three types of aberrantly spliced mRNAs were produced. MRI of proband 2 suggested dysplasia of the corpus callosum with the formation of hemispheric cleft cysts, with a teardrop-like appearance in the lateral ventricle. WES revealed that a heterozygous c.4891C > T:p. The Glu1631Ter nonsense variant of the ZNF462 gene was inherited from her mother. According to the guidelines of the American Society of Medical Genetics and combined with its clinical manifestations, c.6696-2A > C and c.4891C > T:p. Glu1631Ter was determined to be a possible pathogenic variant. The c.6696-2A>C and c.4891C > T:p.Glu1631Ter of the ZNF462 gene likely underlies Weiss-Kruszka syndrome in children (foetus), which enriches the variant spectrum of Chinese patients with Weiss-Kruszka syndrome and provides a basis for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling.

Evaluation of genetic diversity and genome-wide association studies of resistance to bacterial wilt disease in potato.

The development of novel improved varieties adapted to unstable environmental conditions is possible through the genetic diversity of breeding materials. Potato is among the most important food crops worldwide, however, there are still significant hindrances to breeding gains attributed to its autotetraploid and highly heterozygous genome. Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is an important disease affecting potato among many economically important crops worldwide. No cultivated potato genotypes have shown a satisfactory level of resistance to bacterial wilt. Nevertheless, resistance can play a crucial role in effective integrated disease management. To understand the genetic landscape of bacterial wilt resistance in cultivated potato, we evaluated the diversity of 194 accessions from the International Potato Centre (CIP) using 9,250 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their associations to the response to bacterial wilt disease evaluated over two independent trials. Twenty-four accessions showed high resistance throughout both trials. Genetic diversity analysis revealed three major clusters whose subgroups were mostly represented by CIP clones derived from common parents. Genome-wide association analyses have shown six major hits: two on chromosome 8, and one on each chromosome 2, 4, 5, and 9. These results facilitate genetic dissection of bacterial wilt resistance and marker-enabled breeding in elite genotypes for potato breeding initiatives.

The complete chloroplast genome of Erodium stephanianum (Geraniaceae)

Erodium stephanianum (Erodium stephanianum Willd. Sp. Pl. 1800) has not had its complete chloroplast genome reported, which limits our understanding of its genetics and evolution. In this study, we assembled and annotated its chloroplast genome, revealing a quadripartite structure with 76 protein-coding genes. Repeat analysis indicated the presence of simple sequence repeats. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed E. stephanianum's placement within the genus Erodium of the Geraniaceae family. These findings offer valuable genomic resources for comparative studies in Erodium and Geraniaceae, aiding genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses.

Assessment of genetic variability and genotypic correlation analysis for yield and yield associate traits of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) genotypes

Assessment of genetic variability and genotypic correlation analysis for yield and yield associate traits of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) genotypes

Research Note: Whole-genome sequencing revealed genomic diversity dynamics in duck conserved populations

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the genetic diversity of the Pekin duck conserved population with five generations and to evaluate the effectiveness of the current conservation strategy. In total, 277 Pekin duck conserved individuals and 40 Mallards as ancestral controls were collected. Each duck was sequenced at about 10X whole-genome coverage, while over 7.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in total were detected for genetic diversity analysis. Both the expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity values exceeded 0.3. The genetic differentiation (FST) values ranged from 0.007 to 0.039, and the Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.29 to 0.34. These results indicate no significant differentiation between generations, and the genetic diversity remains high. In particular, the inbreeding coefficient has been strictly controlled and has not increased rapidly during the conservation. Overall, the inbreeding coefficient of the conserved Pekin duck population was higher than that of its wild ancestors, indicating that domestication has resulted in reduced genetic diversity. This is the first report using whole genome resequencing data to systematically evaluate the genomic dynamics across several generations in ducks. The results show that the strategy of free mating and random seed retention within sire families is effective for maintaining the genetic diversity of the conserved Pekin duck population.

DNA extraction protocol from Myrciariacaerulescens J.M.A. Braga, M.T.C. Lacerda &amp; Stadnik (MYRTACEAE)

Myrciaria caerulescens, a fruit-bearing species endemic to Bahia, Brazil, and recently described, has ecological and economic potential. The analysis of genetic diversity and the use of molecular techniques are essential for its conservation and genetic improvement of M. caerulescens.The objective of this work was to standardize the protocol for extracting total DNA from Myrciaria caerulescens in the municipalities of Caetité and Lagoa Real in Bahia. Young leaves were collected using three collection methods and added to aluminum foil stored on ice, aluminum foil with silica and silica in a 50 mL test tube, where they received alphanumeric identification.The material was taken to the Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Center Laboratory at UFRB, the silica was removed from the samples and stored in an ultra freezer at -80°C. For genomic DNA extraction, the three collection and extraction methods of the 40 samples, three protocols were tested for each method. The protocols of Lodhi (1994), modified by Pereira (2005), Doyle and Doyle (1987) and Murray and Tompsom (1980).Liquid nitrogen was used for crushing, helping to break down the M.caerulescens material. The isolated DNA influenced the quality and quantity of the methods and protocols tested. Silica gel method in the test tube had a greater amount of DNA compared to the others.The best result in DNA bands was described in Lodhi (1994), modified by Pereira (2005), better quality and higher concentration of extracted DNA, the test tube with silica, greater presence of bands, following the aluminum foil with silica for both locations. CTAB protocols were efficient in extraction. The increase in the amount of NaCl (0.5 to 5M) made it possible to quantify DNA bands in the agarose gel with positive ions neutralizing the negative charge of the DNA phosphate group.

Haplotype diversity and phylogeny within Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens species complexes from tomatoes

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important vegetable susceptible to various fungal diseases, including leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp. from the section Alternaria. In our study, a total of 72 tomato-associated Alternaria spp. strains from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Algeria were analysed by integrating morphological data, pathogenicity assay, multi-locus phylogeny, and haplotype assignment. Recovered Alternaria spp. strains were characterized by considerable variation in phenotypic diversity, non-pathogenicity to their host of origin and absence of the AAL-toxin biosynthesis gene (ALT1). Multi-locus phylogeny of the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), putative F-box-domain-containing protein (ASA-10), and putative histone-like transcription factor (ASA-19) confirmed the occurrence of both A. alternata and A. arborescens species complexes along with A. longipes and A. postmessia on symptomatic tomatoes. The discordant tree topology among single-gene phylogenies suggested the occurrence of potential recombination between phylogenetic lineages in the section Alternaria, resulting in putative alternata-arborescens and alternata-longipes hybrids. DNA polymorphism analysis of the rpb2, ASA-10, and ASA-19 loci revealed a high level of genetic diversity in the section Alternaria, and the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes varied among loci and lineages studied. A total of 16 and 6 multi-locus haplotypes were assigned in alternata and arborescens lineages, respectively. Global genetic diversity analysis of A. alternata and A. arborescens strains at the rpb2 locus confirmed that major haplotypes described from tomatoes were shared among other hosts of origin.

Genetic structure of wolf populations in North Eurasia: the effect of exclusion of closely related individuals from analysis

We describe the results of analysis of genetic structure and spatial autocorrelation in the populations of grey wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) on the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, based on 20 autosomal microsatellite markers. With the use of molecular markers, we uncovered hidden genealogical patterns reaching as far as 700–1600 km and having the most pronounced effect on distances up to 150 km. Our research has shown that identification and exclusion of closely related genotypes has limited effect on the results of analysis of intrapopulation genetic diversity. Meanwhile, such procedure is recommended for researching population structure, as it allows for streamlining some statistical approaches. Results of our work demonstrate integral effect of natal migration, working against the differentiation effect of philopatry. Finally, we also show that the exclusion of closely related individuals can lead to underestimation of values of genetic distances between populations.

Genetic Diversity and Recombination Analysis of Canine Parvoviruses Prevalent in Central and Eastern China, from 2020 to 2023

Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2), the primary causative agent of serious canine enteric diseases, is highly contagious and associated with high fatality rates worldwide. To comprehend the current emergence of CPV-2 in central and eastern China, 130 rectal swabs from domestic or stray dogs with gastroenteritis symptoms were collected during 2020–2023. A total of 118 positive samples were detected via polymerase chain reaction, and further used to amplify and sequence the VP2 gene. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acids of VP2 protein indicated that CPV-2c was the most prevalent variant (n = 106, 89.83%), followed by the novel CPV-2a (n = 10, 8.47%) and CPV-2b (n = 2, 1.69%) variants. The VP2 protein from the obtained and reference strains showed 86.95% (AH2103 and HB2108) to 99.94% identity. Based on the nine predicted recombination events, some prevalent CPV-2c strains were highly similar to previously isolated strains, indicating their complex evolution and recombination. The predicted analysis suggested that mutations in the antigen epitope (Val219Ile, Phe267Tyr, and Asn426Glu) and other mutations (Met87Leu, Ile101Thr, and Ser297Ala) affect the tertiary structure of the VP2 protein. This research will help us understand the recent evolution and mutation of Chinese CPV-2 and provide suggestions for updating the CPV-2 vaccine.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella from Wenzhou, China

Salmonella species are important foodborne pathogens worldwide. Salmonella pathogenicity is associated with multiple virulence factors and enhanced antimicrobial resistance. To determine the molecular characteristics and genetic correlations of Salmonella, 24 strains of Salmonella isolated from different sources (raw poultry, human stool, and food) in the Wenzhou area were investigated to determine the distribution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected in all samples. Over half of the samples found antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and point mutations for several clinically frequently used antibiotic, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and quinolones. Of these strains, 62.5% were predicted to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). The quinolone-modifying enzyme gene aac(6’)-Ib-cr, detected in five samples (S1–S4 and S10), was located on integrons. The analysis of Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) profiles suggests that serotypes with close genetic relationships share the same distribution of virulence factors, revealing a link between genotype and SPI profiles. cgMLST analysis indicated that five isolates S14–S18 were closely related to strains originating from the United Kingdom, suggesting that they may share a common origin. Data from this study may enrich the molecular traceability database for Salmonella and provide a basis for effective public health policies.

Analysis of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield-related Traits of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Linseed is recognized as an excellent source of essential minerals, nutrients, and is particularly rich in omega-3 fatty acids and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), making it highly recommended for cardiovascular health. It is cultivated mainly for both linen and oil production, which is used for the production of paints, varnishes, and linoleum paste. The objective of the present investigation was to analyze genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield and yield traits among 75 linseed genotypes including ten checks using Randomized Block Design with three replications at Oilseeds Research Farm, Kalyanpur, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, (India) during Rabi season 2019-20. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation across all studied traits. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from low to high, with the lowest GCV and PCV observed for days to maturity, number of seeds per capsule, and days to 50% flowering. Conversely, the highest GCV and PCV values were recorded for seed yield per plant (g), number of capsules per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, and plant height. All traits recorded the highest heritability. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for seed yield per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, plant height, thousand seed weight, number of primary branches and oil content, indicating the presence of additive gene action for these characters. In conclusion, the genotypes studied show significant genetic variation for yield and its attributes, which should be leveraged in future breeding programs.

Telomere-to-telomere Genome Assembly of two representative Asian and European pear cultivars

As the third most important temperate fruit, Pear (Pyrus spp.) exhibits a remarkable genetic diversity and is classified into two mainly categories known as Asian pear and European pear. Although several pear genomes are available, most of the released versions are fragmented and not chromosome-level high-quality. In this study, we report two high-quality genomes for Pyrus bretschneideri Rhed. cv. ‘Danshansuli’ (DS) and Pyrus communis L. cv. ‘Conference’ (KFL), which represent the predominant Asian and European cultivars, respectively, with nearly telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free level. The finally assembled genome sizes for DS and KFL were 510.98 Mb and 510.71 Mb, respectively, with Contig N50 of 29.47 Mb and 30.47 Mb, where each chromosome was represented by a single contig. The DS and KFL genomes yielded a total of 46,394 and 44,702 protein-coding genes, respectively. Among these genes, the functional annotation accounted for 96.47% and 96.46% in the DS and KFL genomes. The two novels nearly T2T genomic information offers an invaluable resource for comparative genomics, genetic diversity analysis, molecular breeding strategies, and functional exploration.

Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis of Traits Related to Water-Use Efficiency and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of Populus deltoides Based on SSR Markers

Populus deltoides is one of the primary tree species for bioenergy production in temperate regions. In arid/semi-arid northern China, the scarcity of water and nitrogen significantly limits the productivity of poplar plantations. The identification of relevant molecular markers can promote the breeding of resource-efficient varieties. In this study, 188 genotypes of P. deltoides from six provenances served as experimental material. Genetic differentiation analysis, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering, and genetic structure analysis were performed using selected simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Based on these analyses, the association analysis of water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) were conducted using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) approaches. The results showed that 15 pairs of SSR primers successfully amplified across all 188 individuals, with an average of 7.33 alleles (Na) observed per primer pair. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.060 to 0.897, with an average of 0.544, indicating high genetic diversity in the selected markers. The average inbreeding coefficient intra-population (Fis), inbreeding coefficient inter-population (Fit), and inter-population genetic fraction coefficient (Fst) values were 0.005, 0.135, and 0.132, respectively, indicating high heterozygosity, substantial inbreeding within populations, and moderate genetic differentiation, with an average gene flow (Nm) of 1.964, suggesting substantial gene flow between populations. Additionally, molecular variance was primarily within individuals (84.12%). Genetic structure analysis revealed four subgroups, with some degree of genetic admixture among the provenances. In the GLM model, 11 markers were significantly associated with five traits (p &lt; 0.05), with an average contribution rate of 15.82%. Notably, SSR132 and SSR143 were significantly associated with multiple traits (p &lt; 0.05). The MLM model identified two markers (SSR47 and SSR85) significantly associated with ground diameter (p &lt; 0.05) and one marker (SSR80) significantly associated with NUE (p &lt; 0.05). This study identifies loci associated with WUE and NUE, laying a foundation for future genetic improvement and marker-assisted breeding strategies in poplar.

Phylogenetic and Genetic Diversity of the Spiny Eel Mastacembelus unicolor (Mastacembelidae) from Kediri, East Java, Indonesia

The spiny eel from the family Mastacembelidae are potential fish for aquaculture because it’s high economic value as an ornamental and as a consumption fish. Unfortunately, this fish have not been cultivated yet and up to present local people depend on wild-caught. This situation leads to severe population decline of this species in nature. Efforts to cultivate or protect this species in nature are therefore crucial. Species identification is the first and essential step performing domestication or conservation of a species. In this study, we conducted morphological identification as well as phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses using cytochrom c oxidase subunit I gene. The results revealed spiny eel from Kediri can be identified as Mastacembelus unicolor based on both morphological and molecular analyses. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that individuals from Kediri have the closest relationship to M. unicolor individuals from West Java. Individuals sequenced from Kediri exhibit identical haplotype which indicating no genetic polymorphism between individuals. The individuals of Mastacembelidae in the Kediri were morphologically and genetically identified as Mastacembelus unicolor. The genetic analysis result shows Kediri have 53.13% AT, 48.67% GC, and one haplotype with low hd and low π value.