Analogous Products Research Articles

Effects of transglutaminase and cooking method on the physicochemical characteristics of 3D-printable meat analogs

Mimicking the textural properties of beef remains challenging for 3D-printable meat analogs, owing to the limited extrusive force of 3D printers. We aimed to develop 3D-printable meat analogs that imitate the physicochemical properties of beef using transglutaminase (TG, 0–8 U/g protein) and cooking (steaming, microwaving, baking, or frying). Increased TG incorporation enhanced the rheological properties of the raw meat analogs. When TG was added at 4 U/g protein, the printed meat analogs had smooth surfaces after being incubated at 25 °C for 30 min and relatively high hardnesses after 2 h of incubation. Moreover, meat analogs baked at 170 °C for 25 min had a similar hardness and springiness as beef (P > 0.05). The hardnesses of cooked beef and meat analogs were related to microstructural compactness, cooking loss, and transverse shrinkage. This study provides a method for modifying the texture of meat analogs using enzyme catalysis and cooking. Industrial relevanceCurrently, the application of 3D printing in the production of meat analogs yields an elastic strength comparable to beef by implementing a fiber structure. However, modifying the textural properties of 3D-printable meat analogs to mimic the firm mouthfeel of meat is still one of the challenges that restrict the large-scale industrialization and commercialization of 3D food printing. In this study, we proposed a method for developing meat analogs, which combines enzyme treatment and suitable cooking methods, and investigated the effects of these two technologies on the physicochemical properties of 3D-printable meat analogs. This study provides essential guidance to the industry for developing meat analogs using novel protein sources and combining different technologies.

Ring Opening of Aziridines by Pendant Silanols Allows for Preparations of (±)-Clavaminol H, (±)-Des-Acetyl-Clavaminol H, (±)-Dihydrosphingosine, and (±)-N-Hexanoyldihydrosphingosine.

We present a unique strategy for the synthesis of vicinal amino alcohols. Ring opening of aziridines with pendant silanols is compatible with a range of substrates. To engage productively in ring opening, the aziridine must be at least mildly activated, and a variety of such N-substituents are tolerated. The utility of this methodology is highlighted in facile preparations of the natural products (±)-Clavaminol H, (±)-dihydrosphingosine, and (±)-N-hexanoyldihydrosphingosine as well as a natural product analogue (±)-des-acetyl-Clavaminol H.

Effectiveness of selected pre-enrichment broths for the detection of Salmonella spp. in meat analogs

With the increasing variety of meat analog products, it is important to verify that the methods used for Salmonella detection are effective. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three pre-enrichment broths for the detection of Salmonella in meat analog burgers: the currently used Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) broth (lactose broth with Triton X-100, LB-T), universal pre-enrichment (UP) broth, and buffered peptone water (BPW). Five different meat analog products (coded A-E) were inoculated with Salmonella serotypes (S. Enteritidis or S. Agona) following the Food and Drug Administration Method Modification and Method Extension Criteria for Existing Validated Microbiology Methods. Seven replicates were tested per product with each broth, for a total of 105 inoculated samples and 105 uninoculated samples. Salmonella was isolated as described in the BAM, and two isolated colonies from each sample were tested with real-time PCR. The total number of positive real-time PCR detections associated with each pre-enrichment broth was compared across all products (70 PCR tests per broth) and within each brand (14 PCR tests per broth). Overall, LB-T showed the greatest detection rate of 65/70 (92.9%), while BPW and UP showed rates of 63/70 (90.0%) and 62/70 (88.6%), respectively. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05, Test for Equality of Proportions). When the broths were compared separately for each product, LB-T showed a significantly greater detection rate of 13/14 (92.9%) in Brand C samples compared to UP at 7/14 (50.0%). These findings demonstrate that LB-T is an effective pre-enrichment for detecting Salmonella in various market-available meat analogs.

Chickpea Leaf Exudates: A Highly Efficient Natural Brønsted Acidic Medium for the Synthesis of Pyran-annulated Heterocycles

Abstract:We reported Chickpea leaf exudates (CLEs) as a Brønsted acid, naturally available biodegradable, eco-friendly, and reusable reaction medium for highly efficient and facile one-pot synthesis of pyran-annulated heterocyclic systems, like 7-aryl-benzopyrano[4,3-b]benzopyran-6,8- diones,tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran, and dihydropyrano[c]chromenes scaffolds. The analogous products were obtained via tandem Knoevengel-Michael addition and cyclo condensation reaction in ethanol at room temperature with 90-96% yields in a short reaction time. Moreover, the reaction media containing Bronsted acids can be easily recovered and reused up to five times, slightly decreasing product yields.

Production of Analogs of the Rare Minerals Sampleite and Lavendulan as Potential Functional Materials

Production of Analogs of the Rare Minerals Sampleite and Lavendulan as Potential Functional Materials

Monitoring antioxidants by coulometry: Quantitative assessment of the strikingly high antioxidant capacity of bergamot (Citrus bergamia R.) by-products

A recently optimized rapid, cheap, and accurate coulometric method has been exploited to determine the antioxidant capacity of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) by-products, including first (FPJ) and second press juices (SPJ), in comparison to analogous products from several citrus species. Extracts from the entire edible part (i.e., juice and pulp) and de-oiled peel of bergamot were also assayed. The Coulometrically Determined Antioxidant Capacity (CDAC) data, expressed as moles of electrons per mass of sample, were evaluated with other parameters such as total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition.The CDAC of bergamot FPJ (39 mmol e− kg−1) was comparable with other citrus juices (20–65 mmol e− kg−1 range), whereas the CDAC of bergamot SPJ (816 mmol e− kg−1) was strikingly higher than the counterparts from other citrus fruits. This value approached that of bergamot peel extracts (822 mmol e− kg−1). Bergamot peel and SPJ also exhibited the highest DPPH inhibition. The CDAC values were associated with the HPLC-determined content of flavonoids, namely neoeriocitrin, naringin, and neohesperidin, which were 4-10-fold more concentrated in bergamot SPJ and peel than in SPJ from other citrus species. These findings contribute to point at bergamot by-products as rich sources of antioxidant compounds on a quantitative basis, highlighting their enormous potential for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food applications.

Forecasting the Diffusion of Smart Speakers in the Indian Market Using Bass, Gompertz, and Logistic Models

Forecasting the diffusion of new products in an emerging market is important yet challenging due to a lack of historical data. Managers often resort to inefficient forecasting practices to understand diffusion and to stay ahead of the competition. Our study aims to forecast sales for smart speakers in India, that have been introduced recently. Due to the lack of adequate sales data, our research has used data of analogous products using look-alike analysis to estimate the parameters of diffusion models. We forecasted future sales using three relevant diffusion models – the Bass, the Gompertz, and the Logistic to determine the model to forecast sales for smart speakers. The analysis revealed that the Bass model gave better predictions as compared to the other two models. The results were validated using parameter estimates from secondary literature. Our study predicts that the aggregate sales of smart speakers in India will peak around 2023-27.

Utilization of fermented and enzymatically hydrolyzed soy press cake as ingredient for meat analogues

The aim of the present study was to improve the properties of soy press cake to be utilized as an ingredient of meat analogues. Soy press cakes were fermented with lactobacillus strains, and separately hydrolyzed by cellulase/xylanase mixture and α-amylase. Meat analogues were produced with 10% fermented or hydrolyzed soy press cakes. The effect of applied processes on protein oxidation, physical and functional properties of soy press cakes were analyzed, as well as sensory and textural properties of meat analogues. The results indicated that soy press cake was a suitable source of fibre and energy with low content of saturated fatty acids, and provided plant-based proteins and essential amino acids. The study demonstrated the potential of lactic acid fermentation, and enzymatic hydrolysis to improve water- and oil-holding capacity and reduce protein oxidation in soy press cakes. L. acidophilus 336 and cellulase/xylanase mixture were recommended for fermentation and hydrolysis of soy press cakes, respectively, regarding reduction of protein oxidation. Fermentation of soy press cakes with L. plantarum P1 improved the texture of meat analogues. Press cakes fermentation reduced bitterness, increased juiciness, and balanced the taste of meat analogues. Fermented soy press cake was recommended for the production of meat analogues.

Designing Interactive Kid’s Clothes as an Educational Mediator Using Electronic Chips

The research deals with how to enhance the role of industrial designer in designing and developing smart products by studying the development of digital products to smart products and then identifying enabling technologies and design issues related to smart products and including them within the supporting aspects of the industrial designer in order to enhance his role in designing those products, and to achieve this the search was as follows: First: The intro to the research, and it included the research topic and its main problem, which was manifested in the absence of guiding lines for what should be developed in the design education curricula in a way that enhances the role of the industrial designer in designing and developing smart products, and his goal of achieving these considerations, and his question, which is how to support the role of the industrial designer in designing and developing smart products. Industrial design in building smart products, and its importance. The entrance also indicated the limits of the study, which is the study of the development of digital products leading to smart products. Second: A study of the development of digital products, where a classification of products was presented according to their ability to deal with data into analog products and digital products, and then studying the various developments in the characteristics and technologies of digital products, through connected products, and responsive products, Smart Products, and Smart, Connected Products. Third: The discussion, where a comparison was made between the general characteristics and technical components of the five types of products based on information technology, and then identifying the enabling technologies for smart products, which was considered the first step in enhancing the role of industrial design to build and design smart products, and the second step was to devise the most important Design fields related to smart products, and the role of each field in supporting the design of those products. The enabling technologies and design fields together represented guidelines (general considerations) for what should be developed in design education curricula in a way that enhances the role of the industrial designer in designing and developing smart products. Fourth: The results and recommendations, where the most important results and recommendations that were reached through the research were discussed. The results included the most important enabled technologies and design fields related to smart products. The recommendations also included some points that would enhance the study in the future

Structure analysis and quality evaluation of plant-based meat analogs.

The growing world's population increases the demand of proteins. Meat products as the major source of high protein food are facing environmental impacts and animal welfare issues. Therefore, plant-based meat analogs are developed and gain a foothold in global markets. The structure design, sensory attributes and nutrient characteristics of meat analogs are crucial points to match the real meat. This review aimed to systematically introduce the structural analysis methods and evaluate meat analog products from quality-related attributes. First, various strategies of analyzing the fibrous structure of meat analogs were illustrated, including microscopic imaging and several optical techniques. Then, representative techniques such as NMR and AFM-IR for analyzing the distribution of moisture and lipid in meat analogs are introduced. In terms of quality, we elaborated on the texture and sensory evaluation methods and dialectically analyzed meat analogs' nutrition, which can provide a guidance for the advanced development of meat analogs.

The influence of digitalization on the administration of taxes and charges in Ukraine

Problem setting. Modern society is gripped by the trend of digitalization, which permeates all spheres of its life. First of all, such processes affected the state’s economy, and hence the taxation and administration of taxes and fees. According to scientists, the key technologies of the digital economy contribute to the digital transformation of business – the transformation of analog products, business processes and business models of organizations into those based on the effective use of digital technologies. In addition, it should be noted that the digital economy is shaping a new, digital business environment and includes all digital resources of business organizations integrated into the system, interaction with other economic entities within the country and abroad [1, p. 122–123]. In the digital economy, digital technologies are recognized as the basis for the creation of new products, values, properties, unique systems and processes. This thesis is confirmed by the provisions reflected in the Economic Strategy of Ukraine 2030, in particular, in paragraph 6.2 Ukraine 2030E a country with a developed digital economy: data becomes an asset. Data collection, description, storage and processing allow to obtain valuable information for use in business processes, public life, the work of the state. The ability to work with data and analyze it is an opportunity to be the first to obtain valuable market “insights”, to be more competitive [9]. It is obvious that the processes of introduction of new technologies in the context of digitalization of the country’s economy have not escaped the sphere of taxation and administration of taxes and fees. Target of research. The purpose of the article is to reveal certain aspects of the impact of digitalization on the administration of taxes and fees in our country. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Researchers such as O. Dmytryk, D. Kobylnik, A. Kolisnyk, M. Kucheryavenko, and O. Makukh, V. Ryadinska, M. Chinchin and etc. are engaged in the study of innovations related to the administration of taxes and fees in the conditions of digitalization. At the same time, many aspects still remain unclear. Article’s main body. It is emphasized that the introduction of electronic services in the field of taxation, as well as the approach of the legislator to their regulation should be positively assessed, because in the context of digitalization the implementation of such principles as simplifying the procedure of interaction between taxpayers and the supervisory authority. as can be seen, this principle is part of the principle of the general principle of tax law uniformity and ease of payment. In general, the legislative approaches to the regulation of electronic services taxation in Ukraine as quite acceptable and well-founded. However, in order to improve the implementation of the relevant tax legislation, we consider it necessary to define more clearly the list of electronic services subject to taxation, as such a list is currently open and may be subject to too broad an interpretation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The article analyzes some aspects of the impact of digitalization on the administration of taxes and fees in Ukraine. It is emphasized that many innovations that meet modern requirements have been introduced in Ukraine. At the same time, not all of the proposed innovations are perfect (in terms of content and approaches to consolidation), which in the future may negatively affect the enforcement of such rules, and thus the replenishment of revenue budgets and more.

An Impossible Task? Australian Food Law and the Challenge of Novel Meat Analogues

This paper asks what the regulatory assessment of the novel processed meat analogue products reveals about the nature of food regulation in Australia. We analyse Food Standards Australia and New Zealand’s (‘FSANZ’) assessment of the recent application by Californian technology company Impossible Foods Inc to sell its proprietary burger products which contain a genetically modified protein that is said to make their burger ‘bleed’. We show that FSANZ’s assessment process has little capacity to engage with broader and longer term, social, ecological and public health implications of novel foods and changing food markets. FSANZ’s regulatory pre-approval process focuses almost exclusively on the safety of individual ingredients rather than the impact of novel foods on the food supply as whole and leaves broader issues to the market and consumer choice with limited support from laws addressing misleading labelling and marketing of foods. Extending the capacity of Australia’s regulatory regime for food to deal with more than the safety of individual ingredients will become more urgent as other novel foods, such as cell-based meats, enter the marketplace.

High-Titer Production of the Fungal Anhydrotetracycline, TAN-1612, in Engineered Yeasts.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, demanding urgent responses. Tetracyclines, a widely used antibiotic class, are increasingly succumbing to antibiotic resistance; generating novel analogues is therefore a top priority for public health. Fungal tetracyclines provide structural and enzymatic diversity for novel tetracycline analogue production in tractable heterologous hosts, like yeasts, to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Here, we successfully engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) and Saccharomyces boulardii (probiotic yeast) to produce the nonantibiotic fungal anhydrotetracycline, TAN-1612, in synthetic defined media─necessary for clean purifications─through heterologously expressing TAN-1612 genes mined from the fungus, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015. This was accomplished via (i) a promoter library-based combinatorial pathway optimization of the biosynthetic TAN-1612 genes coexpressed with a putative TAN-1612 efflux pump, reducing TAN-1612 toxicity in yeasts while simultaneously increasing supernatant titers and (ii) the development of a medium-throughput UV-visible spectrophotometric assay that facilitates TAN-1612 combinatorial library screening. Through this multipronged approach, we optimized TAN-1612 production, yielding an over 450-fold increase compared to previously reported S. cerevisiae yields. TAN-1612 is an important tetracycline analogue precursor, and we thus present the first step toward generating novel tetracycline analogue therapeutics to combat current and emerging antibiotic resistance. We also report the first heterologous production of a fungal polyketide, like TAN-1612, in the probiotic S. boulardii. This highlights that engineered S. boulardii can biosynthesize complex natural products like tetracyclines, setting the stage to equip probiotic yeasts with synthetic therapeutic functionalities to generate living therapeutics or biocontrol agents for clinical and agricultural applications.

THE IMAGE CONSTRUCTION IN THE PROCESS OF SENIOR PUPILS’ CREATIVE THINKING IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION COMPLICATIONS

The classification of types of thinking is considered. The contradictions regarding the interpretation of such a stage of the creative process as incubation in the coordinate system of various creative tasks solving are analyzed. In particular, the differences that occur in solving problems of divergent thinking and insight problems are compared. Emphasis is placed on the results of the neural network modeling features study, which allow us to successfully predict the probability of creative tasks solving by the parameters of the subjects’ brain structures activity, in particular the manifestations of the phenomenon of insight. According to the results of the study of the productivity of thinking in people with different levels of intellectual development, the levels of the perceived object images characteristics are distinguished. The definition of the structurally comparable theory of problem solving by analogy is given. The advantages of the model of productive analogy and the results of its empirical verification are substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the main task of the psyche – to ensure its implementation, which involves the construction of temporary functional organs to overcome information uncertainty. The diagnostic and activating potential of free design tasks is considered. The role of an adequate picture of reality for the successful solution of the subject of the actual problem, in particular, the accuracy of the images built in the process of activity; transformation of images as a result of analogy, combination, reconstruction in accordance with the given conditions of the problem and the transformation of the creative tools of the subject in the direction of acquiring the signs of appropriate system. Peculiarities and tendencies in the dynamics of image transformation in the solution of creative tasks by senior pupils in the conditions of informational complications are established. The stages of the experimental task solving are described. The typology of constructive activity of the studied in the construction of the desired idea is determined. The ratio of the number of developed structures at each stage of the experimental task in relation to the types of structural activity is analyzed. The types of response of the respondents to the introduction of complex information conditions were established: the dominant tendency was to reduce the number of developed ideas, although against the background of a similar number of respondents whose reaction to the introduction of new conditions was indifferent.

Biopharma Is Going Digital … Bit by Bit

Biopharma Is Going Digital … Bit by Bit

On a Question of a Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the USSR and Western Countries in the Field of Energy

The Stalinist industrial modernization of the USSR, which began in the 1930s, was carried out on the basis of imported technological resources. The transition from the use of foreign equipment to the mass production of domestic analogs of equipment took place gradually, overcoming the difficulties of the post-war period. As a result of the modernization of the energy industry of Leningrad at the turn of the 1940s-1950s a base of import-substituting production of all-Union significance was created. The article analyzes the main problems and features of the state energy policy in the period 1940–1980s, assesses the impact of industrial management reform on the development of the energy industry in the late 1950s, the author notes the specific role of leading party bodies in this process.

Minimizing the initial burst of octreotide acetate from glucose star PLGA microspheres prepared by the solvent evaporation method

Sandostatin long-acting release (SLAR) depot for 1-month controlled release of octreotide is a somatostatin analogue product that has been used extensively in the pharmacological treatment of acromegaly. The complexities in the SLAR coacervation manufacturing processes and the use of a unique glucose-starpoly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-glu) may have contributed to the lack of US FDA-approved generic products referencing SLAR in the USA. To address this challenge, we encapsulated octreotide acetate by the commonly used solvent evaporation method in microspheres of a similar composition to SLAR, including the use of a comparable PLGA-glu. Based on our previous study that identified key formulation variables to prepare octreotide acetate/PLGA-glu microspheres, including lowering initial peptide pH and introducing an annealing step post loading, here we added NaCl to the external water phase to further improve the formulation. The resulting microspheres exhibited highly similar release and stability performance in vitro to SLAR, including an exceptionally low initial burst. The very low initial burst was also confirmed by pharmacokinetics in rats. Full erosion behavior analysis (polymer MW, water uptake and mass loss) revealed a slightly faster degradation of SLAR than the solvent evaporation formulations. Analysis of kinetics of dry Tg of the formulations reflected (a) the elevated residual solvent in SLAR and was not duplicated in the solvent evaporation formulations, and (b) the slightly higher Tg of peptide loaded formulations relative to than blank microspheres, consistent with the interaction of the acetate salt of octreotide with linear PLGA chains in the PLGA-glu. These data indicate that it is possible to prepare peptide loaded microspheres by the solvent evaporation method with extraordinarily similar performance to microspheres, such as those in SLAR, that are prepared by the low-burst release coacervation method.

High moisture extrusion of soy protein and wheat gluten blend: An underlying mechanism for the formation of fibrous structures

High moisture extrusion of soy protein concentrate (SPC) and wheat gluten (WG) blends was conducted to investigate the potential use of this mixture in the production of meat analogs. Extrusion samples collected at different zones from the extruder barrel and extrudates were analyzed to determine their texture, microstructure, protein solubility, secondary structure, and mode of disulfide bonds present in the molecular structure. Results obtained from this study indicate that a blend of SPC-WG at 50/50 resulted in the best fibrous structures. In comparison, extrudates prepared by either SPC or WG did not contain any clear fibrous structures. Additionally, hydrogen and disulfide bonds play a major role over extrusion, with a transformation of disulfide bonds from the intramolecular to intermolecular mode. The analysis of the secondary structure shows that the transformation from α-helix to β-sheet and the maintenance of an ideal balance are crucial for the formation of the fiber structure. The extrudate obtained at SPC-WG ratio of 50/50 presented very good rehydration characteristics when immersed in water at 60 °C for 40 min, due to WG promoting the formation of fibrous structures.

Embedding causal sets into Minkowski spacetime

We present a new method for embedding a causal set into an interval of Minkowski spacetime. The method uses spacetime volumes for causally related elements to define causal set analogs of Minkowski inner products. These are used to construct matrices of inner products which are then factored using the singular value decomposition to give coordinates in Minkowski spacetime. Results are presented showing good quality embeddings into Minkowski spacetime for dimensions d = 2, 3, 4. The method applies in any dimension and does not require spacelike distances to be used as an input. It offers a new way to define spatial orientation and spacelike distances in a causal set.

Non-fentanyl-derived synthetic opioids emerging during recent years.

PurposeSince the appearance of fentanyl followed by its many kinds of analogues around 1988, North America has been exposed to fierce synthetic opioid pandemic resulting in more than 130,000 deaths due to their overdoses until May 2019, when China declared to prohibit the licit fentanyl analog production. However, the Chinese announcement did not go into force in USA due to the adroit strategies of tough traffickers. Thus, contrary to the expectation, the number of synthetic opioid products and their poisoning cases in USA has increased by about 30%; especially, various benzimidazole synthetic opioids have revived on the illicit drug market during a recent few years. In this article, the recent abrupt changes in the situations of illicit synthetic opioid market and their current abuses are described.MethodsVarious databases, such as SciFinder, Google, and Google Scholar, were utilized to collect relevant reports referring old but newly appearing synthetic opioids.ResultsAt the present time, there are several families of new synthetic opioids, which are not fentanyl derivatives; MT-45 and its analogs, benzamide and 2-phenylacetamide opioids (U-series opioids), and benzimidazole opioids. Most of the above substances had been developed in 1950s to 1970s, but had never been used as analgesic medicines, because of their severe adverse effects, such as respiratory depression, physical dependence, and resulting deaths. However, there is possibility that these drugs will become main illicit synthetic opioids in place of the fentanyl analogs during coming several years from this time.ConclusionsAll of the above non-fentanyl-derived families had been developed 50–70 years ago to establish them as analgesic medicines, but had been unsuccessful. These drugs largely appeared in the illicit drug markets in North America, Europe, and Australia, during recent years. Pharmacological, toxicological, and metabolic studies are insufficient for benzamide and 2-phenylacetamide opioids, and are very scant especially for benzimidazole opioids. This time we should start studying pharmacotoxicology of the newly emerging synthetic opioids to alert forensic toxicologists in the world and to suppress their rapid and wide spread in the world.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11419-022-00624-y.