Analogous Model Research Articles

The Utility of a Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Polygenic Score in Addition to Clinical Variables for Prediction of T2D Incidence in Birth, Youth, and Adult Cohorts

Background: There is limited information on how polygenic scores (PSs) — based on variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D — add to clinical variables in predicting T2D incidence. Methods: For participants in a longitudinal study in an Indigenous population from the Southwest United States (US) with high T2D prevalence, we analyzed 10 constructions of PS using publicly available GWAS summary statistics. T2D incidence was examined in three cohorts of individuals without T2D at baseline. The adult cohort, comprised of 2333 participants followed from age≥20y, had 640 T2D cases. The youth cohort was comprised of 2229 participants followed from age 5-19y (228 cases). The birth cohort was comprised of 2894 participants followed from birth (438 cases). We assessed contributions of the PS and clinical variables in predicting T2D incidence. Results: Of the 10 PS constructions, a PS using 293 genome-wide significant variants from a large T2D GWAS meta-analysis in European-ancestry populations performed best. In the adult cohort, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for clinical variables for prediction of T2D incidence was 0·728; with the PS, 0·735. The PS’s hazard ratio (HR) was 1.27 per SD (p=1·6×10-8; 95% CI 1·17-1·38). In the youth cohort, the analogous model’s AUC was 0·805; with the PS, 0·812. The PS’s HR was 1·49 (p=4·3×10-8; 95% CI 1·29-1·72). In the birth cohort, AUC for the clinical variables was 0·614; with the PS, 0·685. The PS’s HR was 1·48 (p=2·8×10-16; 95% CI 1·35-1·63). To further assess the potential impact of including PS for assessing individual T2D risk, the net reclassification improvement (NRI) was calculated: NRI for the PS was 0·264, 0·249, and 0·309 for adult, youth, and birth cohorts, respectively. For comparison, NRI for HbA1c was 0·292 and 0·150 for adult and youth cohorts, respectively. Across all cohorts, as estimated using decision curve analyses, the net benefit of including the PS in addition to clinical variables was most pronounced at moderately stringent threshold probability (pt) values for instituting a preventive intervention. Discussion: This study demonstrates that the PS contributes significantly to prediction of T2D incidence in addition to the information provided by clinical factors; however, overall improvement of the prediction model was modest. Discriminatory power of the PS for predicting incident T2D was similar to that of other commonly measured clinical factors (e.g. HbA1c). Including T2D PS in addition to clinical factors may be clinically beneficial for identifying individuals at higher risk for T2D, especially at younger ages. Funding Statement: This study used computational resources of the Biowulf system at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Intramural Research Program provided support for NIDDK-based coauthors. The NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program provided funding support for L.E.W.’s doctoral programme. M.I.M. was a Wellcome Senior Investigator and an NIHR Senior Investigator. This work was funded in Oxford by the Wellcome Trust (098381, 106130, 203141), NIH (U01- DK105535; U01-DK085545) and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (NF-SI-0617- 10090) and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). Declaration of Interests: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of NIH, NHS, NIHR, or UK Department of Health. M.I.M. has served on advisory panels for Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, and Zoe Global; has received honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, and Eli Lilly; and research funding from Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, and Takeda. As of June 2019, M.I.M. and A.M. are employees of Genentech and holders of Roche stock. Ethics Approval Statement: Protocols were approved by the institutional review board of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Modeling intentional agency: a neo-Gricean framework

This paper analyzes three contrasting strategies for modeling intentional agency in contemporary analytic philosophy of mind and action, and draws parallels between them and similar strategies of scientific model-construction. Gricean modeling involves identifying primitive building blocks of intentional agency, and building up from such building blocks to prototypically agential behaviors. Analogical modeling is based on picking out an exemplary type of intentional agency, which is used as a model for other agential types. Theoretical modeling involves reasoning about intentional agency in terms of some domain-general framework of lawlike regularities, which involves no detailed reference to particular building blocks or exemplars of intentional agency (although it may involve coarse-grained or heuristic reference to some of them). Given the contrasting procedural approaches that they employ and the different types of knowledge that they embody, the three strategies are argued to provide mutually complementary perspectives on intentional agency.

A New Theoretical Method to Predict Strata Movement and Surface Subsidence due to Inclined Coal Seam Mining

The mining-induced strata movement and surface subsidence are closely related to the dip angle of coal seam. However, most surface subsidence prediction methods are empirical, and only suitable for nearly flat coal seam mining. In this paper, a new theoretical method is proposed to predict the strata movement boundary and surface subsidence caused by inclined coal seam mining, which considers the influence of key strata, rock quality and coal seam dip angle. The strata movement caused by inclined coal seam mining is generalized and described by three models: analogous hyperbola model (AHM), analogous hyperbola-funnel model (AHFM), and analogous funnel model (AFM). Considering the rock quality of roof and floor strata, the rock mass rating system is adopted to calculate the surface maximum subsidence and its location. Additionally, the distinct element method was used to assess the performance of the theoretical models. The numerical simulation results match well with theoretical predictions of strata movement boundary and surface subsidence. It is discovered that the appearance of surface subsidence troughs is obviously asymmetric. As the dip angle increases, the surface maximum subsidence decreases and its location is laterally displaced. When the dip angle is greater than 50°, the double subsidence troughs can be visualized clearly. Furthermore, the theoretical predictions of surface subsidence are verified by field measurements of two cases. As a result, the theoretical predictions of surface subsidence are greatly improved by comparing with the empirical method.

Lithosphere Destabilization and Small‐Scale Convection Constrained From Geophysical Data and Analogical Models

AbstractThe destabilization of oceanic lithosphere by small scale convection at its base is important for providing a holistic picture of mantle/lithosphere coupling. We use three highly resolved tomography models to characterize the base of the oceanic lithosphere in the Pacific Ocean. Regions associated with abnormally thick lithosphere are associated with seafloor older than 100 Ma and are elongated parallel to the direction of present‐day Pacific plate motion. They are correlated with bathymetric lows and negative geoid anomalies (for l = 10–39 and l = 14–39), which can be accounted for by dynamic topography. They do not correlate with volcanic features. We interpret these regions of thickened lithosphere as evidence for sites of lithospheric instabilities where denser lithosphere detaches and sinks into the underlying mantle. To understand the phenomena at the origin of these lithospheric “drips,” we performed laboratory experiments. Fluids with different properties are heated from one side to generate a large‐scale convection and cooled from the top. This configuration results in the generation of small‐scale convection at the base of the upper cold thermal boundary layer. The experimental results show the existence of two possible structures: instabilities organized into longitudinal rolls, aligned in the direction of the large‐scale motion and 3D, time‐dependent cold plumes that drip from the base of the lithosphere and are sheared away by the large‐scale flow. The 3D plume morphology is similar to what we observe in tomography models. This provides insights into the phenomenology at the origin of the lithospheric drips observed in the geophysical data.

In-depth understanding on the early stage of phenolic resin thermal pyrolysis through ReaxFF-molecular dynamics simulation

• The early pyrolysis of PR is clarified from the view of cleavage reaction. • The cleavage reaction of PR occurs beside (CR b ) and on (CR o ) the backbone. • The H• from CR b is the initial species, leading to the formation of H 2 and H 2 O. • The decreasing char yield is caused by the loss of the terminal phenol from CR o . Acquiring deep understanding of the pyrolysis process of phenolic resin (PR) and its mechanism is of pivotal importance to develop new applications. Herein, novolac resin (NR) is used as the structural model to investigate the pyrolysis mechanism by carrying out a series of reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations. The structural evolution of NR and the formation process of small molecular species at nine different kinds of NR analogous models are investigated. The results show that the early pyrolysis process of NR involves mainly two aspects: the cleavage reactions beside backbone (CR b ) and on backbone (CR o ). The hydrogen radical produced from the cleavage of the methylene C—H bond, which belong to the CR b process, is the initial species detected during the pyrolysis process, and leads to the formation of H 2 O and H 2 . Besides, the C—C bond cleavage of the methylene bridge is predominant in the CR o process, which takes place with almost equal probability. It mainly results in the formation of phenols, diphenols, polyphenols, and cross-linked structures. The volatilization of the phenol compounds stripped from the terminal groups is a critical process to reduce the char yield of the PR. Moreover, the main small-molecule species detected during the early pyrolysis of NR are H 2 O, H 2, and CO, and the higher energy is necessary to generate CO than H 2 O and H 2 . This work deepens the understanding of the PR pyrolysis mechanism and provides valuable insights to develop its applications.

Topological properties of the long-range Kitaev chain with Aubry-André-Harper modulation

We present a detailed study of the topological properties of the Kitaev chain with long-range pairing terms and in the presence of an Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper on-site potential. Specifically, we consider algebraically decaying superconducting pairing amplitudes; the exponent of this decay is found to determine a critical pairing strength, below which the chain remains topologically trivial. Above the critical pairing, topological edge modes are observed in the central gap. For sufficiently fast decay of the pairing, these modes are identified as Majorana zero-modes. However, if the pairing term decays slowly, the modes become massive Dirac modes. Interestingly, these massive modes still exhibit a true level crossing at zero energy, which points towards an initimate relation to Majorana physics. We also observe a clear lack of bulk-boundary correspondence in the long-range system, where bulk topological invariants remain constant, while dramatic changes appear in the behavior at the edge of the system. In addition to the central gap around zero energy, the Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper potential also leads to other energy gaps at non-zero energy. As for the analogous short-range model, the edge modes in these gaps can be characterized through a 2D Chern invariant. However, in contrast to the short-range model, this topological invariant does not correspond to the number of edge mode crossings anymore. This provides another example for the weakening of the bulk-boundary correspondence occurring in this model. Finally, we discuss possible realizations of the model with ultracold atoms and condensed matter systems.

Riemann–Cartan gravitational and axial anomalies in electrodynamics and black holes

In this paper two examples are given of a chiral torsional anomaly Nieh–Yan (NY) topological invariant in Riemann–Cartan (RC) spacetime: in the first it is shown that a certain class of RC spacetime metrics yields a chiral torsional axial anomaly possessing a term proportional to E ⋅ B. Here E and B are respectively the electric and magnetic fields. Besides, since Cartan connection does not vanish, this example is a mixed gravitational axial anomaly. In this case the axial torsional anomaly in RC manifold is computed. Second example is that of a Kerr metric of non-stationary black hole (BH) which possesses gravitational anomaly. The metric which produces the axial anomaly keeps some similarity with Eddington–Schroedinger–Einstein–Strauss metric of unified field theories of gravity and electromagnetism. These ideas, show us the possibility of having analogous BHs models in Weyl semimetals. Moreover, electrodynamics in Cartan spacetime is discussed in this context. This is based on teleparallel metrics used by Letelier (1995 Class Quantum Grav. 12 2221) and Tod (1994 Class Quantum Grav. 11 5). NY RC gravitational anomalies are obtained for BHs Kerr metric using an orthogonal tetrad system.

A reconstruction theory of relational schema induction.

Learning transfer (i.e. accelerated learning over a series of structurally related learning tasks) differentiates species and age-groups, but the evolutionary and developmental implications of such differences are unclear. To this end, the relational schema induction paradigm employing tasks that share algebraic (group-like) structures was introduced to contrast stimulus-independent (relational) versus stimulus-dependent (associative) learning processes. However, a theory explaining this kind of relational learning transfer has not been forthcoming beyond a general appeal to some form of structure-mapping, as typically assumed in models of analogy. In this paper, we provide a theory of relational schema induction as a “reconstruction” process: the algebraic structure underlying transfer is reconstructed by comparing stimulus relations, learned within each task, for structural consistency across tasks—formally, the theory derives from a category theory version of Tannakian reconstruction. The theory also applies to non-human studies of relational concepts, thereby placing human and non-human transfer on common ground for sharper comparison and contrast. As the theory and paradigm do not depend on linguistic ability, we also have a way for pinpointing where aspects of human learning diverge from other species without begging the question of language.

Bloch-like superoscillations and unidirectional motion of phase-driven quantum walkers

We study the dynamics of a quantum walker simultaneously subjected to time-independent and -dependent phases. Such dynamics emulates a charged quantum particle in a lattice subjected to a superposition of static and harmonic electric fields. With proper settings, we investigate the possibility to induce Bloch-like superoscillations, resulting from a close tuning of the frequency of the harmonic phase $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and that associated with the regular Bloch-like oscillations ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{B}$. By exploring the frequency spectra of the wave-packet centroid, we are able to distinguish the regimes on which regular and super-Bloch oscillations are predominant. Furthermore, we show that under exact resonant conditions $\ensuremath{\omega}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{B}$ unidirectional motion is established with the wave-packet average velocity being a function of the quantum coin operator parameter, the relative strengths of the static and harmonic terms, as well as the own phase of the harmonic field. We show that the average drift velocity can be well described within a continuous-time analogous model.

A flexible regression model for zero- and k-inflated count data

Count data with inflated zeros commonly occur in numerous research studies. Accordingly, there is substantive literature regarding zero-inflated Poisson and analogous generalizable count regression models that account for data dispersion via excess zeros. Scenarios exist, however, where another count k>0 tends to be inflated, thus there remains the need to develop a flexible regression model that can accommodate both inflated frequencies and any inherent data dispersion. This work achieves this goal by employing the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson (CMP) distribution. We develop a zero- and k-inflated Conway–Maxwell–Poisson (ZkICMP) distribution and corresponding regression that addresses over- and under-dispersed count data. We further discuss parameter estimation and other diagnostics by analytical and numerical methods, and illustrate superior performance of the ZkICMP regression via real data examples.

A New Wax Removal Empirical Model of Fully Coated Foam Pig

Summary Wax deposition is one of the most significant challenges for flow assurance. In a conventional pigging operation, a fully coated foam pig is regularly used to mitigate wax deposition. This work attempts to assess, qualitatively and quantitively, the wax removal process of the fully coated foam pig. The experimental results confirm that the wax removal process of the fully coated foam pig includes four phases; namely, the buildup phase, preplug phase, plug phase, and production phase. Moreover, the effects of coating hardness, wax layer thickness, and the shear strength of wax sample on the wax breaking force and the wax removal efficiency are investigated experimentally. It is found that the wax breaking force decreases and the wax removal efficiency increases when the coating hardness is increased. On the basis of the analysis of the experimental results and Buckingham's π theorem, a semitheoretical model is developed to predict the wax removal efficiency of the fully coated foam pig. Furthermore, a force analysis model is used to calculate the wax breaking force by taking the wax removal efficiency model into account. The average relative errors between the calculated and measured results for the wax removal efficiency and the wax breaking force of the fully coated foam pig with 65 Shore A hardness (HA) coating are 24.13 and 31.88%, respectively. Analogous wax removal models for foam pigs of different types can be developed with the research method proposed in this work. Therefore, this research method provides a general strategy for wax removal research in crude oil pigging. Supplementary materials are available in support of this paper and have been published online under Supplementary Data at https://doi.org/10.2118/205011-PA. SPE is not responsible for the content or functionality of supplementary materials supplied by the authors.

The Sliding Ice Incision Model: A New Approach to Understanding Glacial Landscape Evolution

AbstractAnalytical long‐profile models of fluvial incision are fundamental in geomorphology for building intuition about long‐term landscape evolution and interpreting the climatic and tectonic histories of landscapes. However, analogous models are missing for glaciers, despite the fact that glaciers are important and widespread agents of physical erosion. We introduce a new model of glacial erosion in terms of catchment area, ice accumulation rate, and ice surface slope in a form that is similar to the classic stream power incision model for fluvial erosion. We derive an analytical solution for coupled glacial‐fluvial networks under steady‐state climate and uplift, predict an ice surface slope–catchment area power‐law relationship, and predict the scaling of orogen relief with uplift rate. Finally, we note that this theory should enable glacial landscape evolution models that rival modern fluvial models in efficiency.

Experimental, analytical, and analogical study of the effect of RAP extracted binder on rheology of polymer modified binder

This study attempts to scrutinise the effect of RAP on Performance Grade (PG), fatigue, and low temperature performance of polymer modified binder (PMB40). Furthermore, analytical, and analogical modelling was conducted. RAP from two sources was blended with PMB40 in proportions of 15%, 25%, and 40%. Thereafter, PG isochronal temperature sweeps, isothermal frequency sweeps and bending beam rheometer (BBR) testing was conducted. RAP sources affected both high and low temperature PG of PMB40. Viscoelastic transition temperature (TVET ) increased on inclusion of RAP thereby compromising fatigue performance. Based on difference in critical temperatures (ΔTc ), inclusion of RAP compromised the low temperature performance. Stiffness master curves (S(t)) illustrated an enhancement in stiffness on RAP inclusion whereas relaxation modulus master curves (E(t)) depicted a decrease in rate of decay of E(t) thereby compromising the low temperature stress relaxation potential. Both 2S2P1D and Huet models illustrated a reasonably good fit for various RAP blends.

Spectral Wave Energy Dissipation due to Under-Ice Turbulence

AbstractDissipation within the turbulent boundary layer under sea ice is one of many processes contributing to wave energy attenuation in ice-covered seas. Although recent observations suggest that the contribution of that process to the total energy dissipation is significant, its parameterizations used in spectral wave models are based on fairly crude, heuristic approximations. In this paper, an improved source term for the under-ice turbulent dissipation is proposed, taking into account the spectral nature of that process (as opposed to parameterizations that are based on the so-called representative wave), as well as effects related to sea ice concentration and floe-size distribution, formulated on the basis of the earlier results of discrete-element modeling. The core of the new source term is based on an analogous model for dissipation due to bottom friction derived by Weber in 1991 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112091003634). The shape of the wave energy attenuation curves and the frequency dependence of the attenuation coefficients are analyzed in detail for compact sea ice. The role of floe size in modifying the attenuation intensity and spectral distribution is illustrated by calibrating the model to observational data from a sudden sea ice breakup event in the marginal ice zone.

Didactic Significance of Modern Simulation Programs in Vocational Education – Divagations from Own Research

We developed, justified and verified methodological foundations for the professional training of specialists in public management of quality and security of socio-cultural forms of education, science and innovation systems of diploma-training of future representatives of the academic sphere, successors of scientific heritage of the trans-boundary level to consolidate the efforts of quality and safety cohesion of acquired and prolonged trajectories of employment and professional development , pleasure insurance according to the needs and requirements of interested and academically worthy and capable categories of applicants for educational and scientific services and consulting and advisory services to build intellectual and emotional capacity of perspective development of transcultural interaction of communicative perception of understanding and consent of diverse categories of society without breaking the biosocial stability equilibrium. We achieved the goals of axiological analysis of conceptual and categorical apparatus with regard to the problem of professional training of future public management specialists on the basis of scientific schools of managerialism in philosophical, psychological and pedagogical and managerial literature; we established the semantics of organization of professional training of future public management specialists for teaching activity ; we justified the structure of professional competence of future public management specialists. We applied a set of methods – axiological analysis, systemic and institutional for semantics of the training management system in higher education institutions and the development of methods for organizing professional training of future public management specialists for teaching activity; method of analogy and probabilistic modeling.

Models, Structures and Analogical Thinking in Early Childhood Education and Care and Primary School: A Qualitative Study on Teachers’ Perception about Those Concepts

The objective of this study was to investigate ECEC teachers and primary school teachers’ perspective about recognizing models, structures and using analogical thinking as a key to facilitate children’s learning process. Without discussing in-depth the definition of a mathematical structure or model, teachers reflected about the possibilities and the reasons why to use models, structures and an analogical approach in teaching. Both ECEC teachers and primary school teachers showed a comprehension about those concepts, but mainly related to a theoretical approach. The idea that recognizing structures and models can help to identify what is known and what is new when we try to solve a problem has been discussed. An analogical approach that can help teachers to sustain children in the transition from what is known and what is not has been evaluated, connected to the zone of proximal development (Vygotsky) and to scaffolding (Bruner). Reflections about the Framework Plan for Kindergartens and the Framework for basic skills in primary school are reported. Both ECEC teachers and primary school teachers evaluated the concepts of “models” and “structures” as important, agreeing with Van Hiele and Bartha’s definition. Both groups of teachers also recognized the importance of analogical thinking, where structures and models are useful for defining a starting point in the learning process.

Understanding, Choosing, and Unifying Multilevel and Fixed Effect Approaches

AbstractWhen working with grouped data, investigators may choose between “fixed effects” models (FE) with specialized (e.g., cluster-robust) standard errors, or “multilevel models” (MLMs) employing “random effects.” We review the claims given in published works regarding this choice, then clarify how these approaches work and compare by showing that: (i) random effects employed in MLMs are simply “regularized” fixed effects; (ii) unmodified MLMs are consequently susceptible to bias—but there is a longstanding remedy; and (iii) the “default” MLM standard errors rely on narrow assumptions that can lead to undercoverage in many settings. Our review of over 100 papers using MLM in political science, education, and sociology show that these “known” concerns have been widely ignored in practice. We describe how to debias MLM’s coefficient estimates, and provide an option to more flexibly estimate their standard errors. Most illuminating, once MLMs are adjusted in these two ways the point estimate and standard error for the target coefficient are exactly equal to those of the analogous FE model with cluster-robust standard errors. For investigators working with observational data and who are interested only in inference on the target coefficient, either approach is equally appropriate and preferable to uncorrected MLM.

Quantum Matter on the Table: A Pretty, Simple Hands-on Activity

This paper introduces quantum materials and the notion of using models to aid the comprehension of complex ideas. It describes a hands-on activity, collaboratively developed by scientists and artists, that promotes an understanding of how experts take advantage of analogical thinking and model building to develop important frameworks. Quantum physics concepts provide an exciting way to introduce students to leading-edge research in atomic-level design of novel quantum materials.

Testing Symmetrical Knot Tracing for Cognitive Priming Effects Rules out Analytic Analogy

Ritual knots are symmetrical crisscrossing designs that appear in distant cultures around the world. Their independent emergence is plausibly due to shared features of human cognition and experience that such patterns represent. Since empirical investigation of this possibility is lacking in the literature, our aim is to open up this research area. We do so by asking whether the cultural production and appreciation of ritual knots could be conditioned or motivated by alignments and affordances linked to creative human cognition—advanced analogical modeling processes that are themselves often discussed in terms of bidirectional blending and symmetrical mapping. If manual tracing of a traditional knot design had positive priming effects on such reasoning processes, as we hypothesize, this would suggest an explanatory link between the two. To begin testing this hypothesis, we selected a basic, traditional knot design from Tibet, along with three established measures of formal analogical reasoning and one original measure of syntactic preference involving reciprocal constructions. We then undertook a series of cognitive trials testing for potential cognitive benefits of manually tracing the design. We contrasted prime condition results with a control group and an anti-prime condition group. The data show observable effects of time across multiple measures but no significant effects of time or condition, controlling for reported mindfulness. While this rules out the short-term priming effects of enhanced analogical reasoning at the analytic level following brief manual tracing of this design, the research opens the way for further empirical experimentation on the nature and emergence of symmetrical knots and their potential relationships with patterns of human thought.

Rapid Authentication of Potato Chip Oil by Vibrational Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis.

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid technique to authenticate potato chip frying oils using vibrational spectroscopy signatures in combination with pattern recognition analysis. Potato chip samples (n = 118) were collected from local grocery stores, and the oil was extracted by a hydraulic press and characterized by fatty acid profile determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Spectral data was collected by a handheld Raman system (1064 nm) and a miniature near-infrared (NIR) sensor, further being analyzed by SIMCA (Soft Independent Model of Class Analogies) and PLSR (Partial Least Square Regression) to develop classification algorithms and predict the fatty acid profile. Supervised classification by SIMCA predicted the samples with a 100% sensitivity based on the validation data. The PLSR showed a strong correlation (Rval > 0.97) and a low standard error of prediction (SEP = 1.08–3.55%) for palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. 11% of potato chips (n = 13) indicated a single oil in the label with a mislabeling problem. Our data supported that the new generation of portable vibrational spectroscopy devices provided an effective tool for rapid in-situ identification of oil type of potato chips in the market and for surveillance of accurate labeling of the products.