Analogy Method Research Articles

Нейро-м’язева реабілітація пацієнтів при протезуванні за цифровим та аналоговим алгоритмами

Summary: Innovations in the field of digital orthopedic dentistry contribute to the growth of the quality of dental care for patients with dentition defects of various lengths and improve the ergonomics of the doctor’s work. In turn, operating with the latest technologies requires a thorough scientific study of not only the occlusal and articulating components of the human dentition and jaw apparatus, but also the analysis of neuromuscular structures, since they provide the adaptive mechanism of physiological functioning and getting used to rehabilitation orthopedic structures The aim of this study is to study and compare the nature and degree of changes in the electromyographic activity of the main and auxiliary masticatory muscles in patients with restored dentition defects during prosthetics using analog and digital methods. Research materials and methods. The representative contingent of patients included 165 people in the age range of 18-60 years, of which 78 (47.3%) patients were male, 87 (52.7%) were female. To analyze the adaptive changes of the dento-maxillofacial apparatus, 1031 electromyograms were analyzed before prosthetics of patients and 6 months after prosthetics. Electromyographic research of masticatory muscles was performed using the BioEMG III computer complex (BioRESEARCH Associates, Inc., USA). The results of the analysis of 1,031 unfolded (oscilloscope) electromyograms recorded during potentiated controlled load during voluntary chewing of the patient determined that 6 months after prosthetics with full controlled occlusal load in CG I patients, the functional capacity of the neuromuscular component of the OA was restored by 79.4% , in CG II patients, the functional capacity of the neuromuscular component of the SCA was restored by 58.9%, in patients of CG III, the functional capacity of the neuromuscular component of the SCA was restored by 89.3%, in patients of CG IV, the functional capacity of the neuromuscular component of the SCA was restored by 64.3%. This fact confirms the presence of modulation of the activity of the central masticatory generator and shows nociceptive influences from the periphery and is a valid criterion for the correct choice of prosthetic design for the patient. Conclusions. Prosthetics of patients with full controlled occlusal load using veneers and artificial crowns according to a digital protocol (pre-ceramics, zirconium dioxide) restores the functional capacity of the neuro-muscular component of OA by 79.4%; bridge-like structures made according to a digital protocol - by 89.3%. In patients who underwent prosthetics according to the analog protocol, this percentage of restoration of functional capacity was 58.9% and 64.3%, respectively. This fact allows us to assert the priority of choosing the method of treatment of patients with defects of dental rows and teeth using the digital protocol method. Key words: electromyography, masticatory muscles, bioelectric activity, bioelectric rest, occlusion.

Discrimination between real and fake honey using portable fluorescence spectroscopy and simca

In the commercial market, real honey and fake honey could not easily be differentiated. For this reason, recently there has been an increasing demand for honey authentication. In this work, we apply portable fluorescence spectroscopy and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) method to discriminate real and fake honey available in the commercial market. To afford the price of authentication, an LED-based spectrometer at 365 nm excitation was developed. Three types of samples were used: 100 samples of real honey (Heterotrigona itama), 40 samples of fake honey, and 40 samples of HFCS-55 (high fructose corn syrup). Samples were diluted five times with distilled water. The fluorescence or emission spectra from 357 nm to 725.5 nm were obtained by exciting the samples at 365 nm LED lamps. The resolution of 0.5 nm was used. Identification of real honey, fake honey, and HFCS-55 could be well achieved using two principal components (PC1 and PC2). Real honey of Heterotrigona itama was clustered on the left of PC1. SIMCA was applied and the classification between real honey, fake honey, and HFCS-55 was well established with 100% accuracy could be obtained.

Latrobe’s Site Plan for Capitol Hill (1803): Discovering Graphic Complexity in Landscape Design and its Representation

ABSTRACT: The Library of Congress’s collection of Benjamin Henry Latrobe’s drawings contains a graphically complex topographical site plan for the US Capitol. This watercolor sheet from 1803 depicts a completed Capitol positioned on the crest of Jenkins Hill (now Capitol Hill) with its principal façades oriented towards east and west. Upon close inspection, Latrobe’s site plan communicates two systems: the hill’s existing topography and Latrobe’s design to reshape it. As a palimpsest of faintly visible layers of information, the plan reveals the city’s major avenues converging at the Capitol, illuminating how Latrobe’s design is spatially continuous with L’Enfant’s 1791 Plan of the city of Washington. Latrobe’s drawing represents a formal arrangement and design for the reshaping of Capitol Hill relative to the Capitol building itself, which was in progress, and the visionary city yet to be built. This paper will explore the systems of landscape representation that ultimately led to Latrobe’s unique way of quantifying and compiling landscape information. In the decades immediately prior to the creation of the Capitol site plan, rapid advancements in the graphic representation of scientific data included the discovery and use of contour line topography and the emergence of data visualization, also known as information graphics. As industrial, scientific, economic, and architectural advancements occurred during the eighteenth century, new ways of visualizing and communicating data, specifications, and results quickly followed. Essentially, architectural drawings themselves, including site plans, are systems of data visualization. The field note will deconstruct Latrobe’s site plan drawing using analog and digital methods and develop new drawings based on computer landform models that reveal the two systems of representation concealed in the graphically complex original. In 1959, the Capitol extension project necessitated the use of ground-penetrating radar to discover the Capitol’s topography from 1810 based on undisturbed soils. The paper will compare the accuracy of Latrobe’s original survey and drawing with the scientific results achieved in 1959.

Assessment of Surgical Outcome of Trocar versus Blunt Dissection Technique for Intercostal Drainage Insertion: A Prospective Interventional Study

Introduction: Chest tube insertion is a common procedure designed to alleviate the accumulation of air, fluid, pus, or blood in the pleural cavity. Despite being a bedside procedure often performed by emergency residents, Intercostal Drain (ICD) tube insertion carries associated risks, if not executed with care. Complications such as misplacement, organ injury, bleeding and pain are noteworthy concerns. Aim: To assess surgical outcome of Trocar versus Blunt dissection technique for ICD insertion. Materials and Methods: The present prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, M S Ramaiah Hospitals, Bengaluru, India, from September 2018 and August 2020, with a sample size of 64 after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee approval. Patients requiring ICD insertion were divided into two groups: Blunt (group A) and Trocar (group B) dissection, with 32 participants in each group. Demographic, clinical and diagnostic data were meticulously documented. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, t-tests and Chi-square test, were employed to compare variables such as insertion time, complications and pain scores. Both groups were assessed for the time required for insertion and complications with each method during and after the procedure. Results: The mean age among subjects with the Blunt dissection method and Trocar method was 45.53±14.85 years and 45.06±10.46 years, respectively. In the Blunt dissection technique, 6 (18.8%) were females and 26 (81.3%) were males, while of those who underwent the Trocar method of insertion, 7 (21.9%) were females and 25 (78.1%) were males. The present study findings revealed that the Trocar method demonstrates comparable surgical outcomes to the Blunt dissection method. Trocar insertion proves notably quicker, especially in obese patients. The time taken for insertion was significantly longer (p-value<0.001) with the Blunt dissection method (17.53±8.835 min) compared to the Trocar method (2.31±0.998 min). Significantly more pain was experienced by patients with the Blunt dissection method compared to the Trocar method on day 1 (p-value<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference found between Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and method of insertion postprocedure. There was a statistically significant difference found between malposition and method of insertion. With the conventional method of insertion, 43.8% of patients had malposition, whereas with the Trocar method of insertion, 18.8% had malposition. Postprocedural complications, including bleeding and infection rates, were comparable between the two methods. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Trocar method exhibits similar surgical outcomes to the Blunt dissection method, with added advantages of reduced insertion time and reduced malposition. Proper training plays a pivotal role in mitigating potential complications, making the Trocar method a clinically viable option for ICD procedures.

Дослідження взаємозв’язку психоневрологічних та дегенеративних порушень у пацієнтів при больовій дисфункції скронево-нижньощелепних суглобів.

Summary: An increase in the prevalence of painful dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joints (TMD), which, according to the modern views of the theory of combined pathogenesis, has neuromuscular, occlusive-articulation, psychophysiological, psychoemotional, and ischemic components, up to 82-87% among the general applications of dental patients profile indicates the need for new scientific research in this direction. And the increase in manifestations of the phenomenon of pain and its diversity in TMJ dysfunctions indicates that traditional therapy remains insufficiently effective and needs correction and improvement. The aim of this study is to study and compare the nature and degree of psychoneurological and degenerative-dystrophic disorders in patients with TMJ pain dysfunction. is to study and compare the nature and degree of changes in the electromyographic activity of the main and auxiliary masticatory muscles in patients with restored dentition defects during prosthetics using analog and digital methods. Research materials and methods. The representative contingent of patients included 48 people, of which 11 (22.9%) patients were male, 37 (77.1%) patients were female. The analysis of the dental status of the patients was carried out according to the data of the standard clinical examination, the standard and author’s questionnaire, the abbreviated «Hamburg» examination. The patients were diagnosed with defects of the teeth and dental rows, complicated by increased wear of the hard tissues of the teeth, secondary deformations, traumatic occlusion, TMJ dysfunction and parafunction of the masticatory muscles. To assess the patient’s psychoneurological condition, we used diagnostic methods of autonomic dysfunction syndrome, including segmental dysfunction. The intensity of the pain syndrome was assessed using visual analog scales. Personal and situational anxiety and depression were assessed. We determined situational and personal anxiety in patients with diseases of the maxillofacial apparatus according to the Spielberger-Hanin test (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory _ STAI)/ the severity of depression according to the L. Radloff depression scale, to which items from the A. Beck and W. Zung questionnaires were attached. The results Violations of central autonomic regulation were detected in the examined patients and were manifested by headache, unmotivated prolonged subfebrileness and syncopal states without signs of convulsive readiness on the encephalogram during encephalography. Vegetative dystonia with a paroxysmal course was diagnosed in 9 (18.8%) patients, vaginulid paroxysmal disorders – in 3 (6.3%) patients. TMJ dysfunctions and impaired vegetative activity of the nervous system against the background of stressful situations create an activating and maladaptive effect on regulatory mechanisms. Thus, among the studied group of patients, depression was diagnosed in 39 (81.3%) patients, including: mild degree – 21 persons (43.8%), medium degree – 14 persons (29.2%), severe degree – 4 persons (8.3%). Conclusions. As a result of our research, the feasibility of using the proposed complex diagnostic program for the functional state of the dento-maxillary, postural and autonomic nervous system of patients for the integrative assessment of the relationship between occlusal disorders of the jaws and postural disorders and vegetative dysfunction in patients with pathology of the temporomandibular joints was proven and substantiated. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment contributed to effective and quick rehabilitation of patients with TMJ pain dysfunction. The need for the proposed rehabilitation measures is related to the creation of individual treatment and rehabilitation algorithms, which necessarily take in to account the state of manifestation of the patient’s dental pathology, his general somatic condition, psychoneurological status, age and the state of the musculoskeletal system as a whole. Key words: temporomandibular joints, prosthetic dentistry, dentition defect, masticatory muscles, musculoskeletal system, psychoneurological condition, degenerative-dystrophic disorders, occlusion.

Экологическая политика стран-участниц ЕАЭС: направления сближения и институты

Introduction. The main development priorities of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter referred to as the EAEU, the Union), established in 2015, include the completion of work aimed at eliminating existing restrictions, unification of customs rules, revision of certain norms, including taking into account the existing international environmental agenda and the specifics of each state. The cooperation expansion of Russia with other EAEU states in the exploitation of natural resources makes interstate cooperation in the environmental sphere increasingly relevant. In the context of activation of certain areas of economic development and the transition to the functioning of a single market for goods, works and services, there is a need to improve legal mechanisms for cooperation in the environmental sphere, the need for a coordinated policy at the EAEU level. The merging of national markets for goods, works, services, capital and labor is interconnected with the development and implementation of policies and mechanisms of the green economy, which will contribute to the stability of socioeconomic development, while at the same time guaranteeing environmental protection. Materials and Methods. Logical, induction, deduction, comparative legal analysis and synthesis, analogy, statistical and other methods of scientific cognition were used to analyze the areas of convergence and institutions of environmental policy in the national legislation of the EAEU member states and overcome existing problems. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the general provisions of supranational legislation and acts of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, mediating the implementation of state environmental policy. Analysis. The convergence of national environmental policy should be considered a starting point for cooperation between the EAEU member states in the field of green economy and the formation of an appropriate agenda for integration cooperation. The overwhelming number of scientists and experts agree with the lag of the EAEU both in the development of a green economy and green energy, and in the implementation of a coordinated environmental policy and legislation. Results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the convergence of the environmental policies of the EAEU member states will contribute to the further development of integration, the removal of barriers, exemptions and restrictions in the regulation of environmental management and environmental protection. In order to bring together the environmental policies pursued by the EAEU member states, it is necessary to develop and adopt common supranational legislation that enshrines strategic goals and directions for the development of environmental management and environmental protection. The current legislative acts at the national level are based on a similar set of goals, objectives and directions of development, which opens up opportunities for their harmonization and unification. At the same time, priority should be given to environmental safety issues.

Extreme heat wave sampling and prediction with analog Markov chain and comparisons with deep learning

Abstract We present a data-driven emulator, a stochastic weather generator (SWG), suitable for estimating probabilities of prolonged heat waves in France and Scandinavia. This emulator is based on the method of analogs of circulation to which we add temperature and soil moisture as predictor fields. We train the emulator on an intermediate complexity climate model run and show that it is capable of predicting conditional probabilities (forecasting) of heat waves out of sample. Special attention is payed that this prediction is evaluated using a proper score appropriate for rare events. To accelerate the computation of analogs, dimensionality reduction techniques are applied and the performance is evaluated. The probabilistic prediction achieved with SWG is compared with the one achieved with a convolutional neural network (CNN). With the availability of hundreds of years of training data, CNNs perform better at the task of probabilistic prediction. In addition, we show that the SWG emulator trained on 80 years of data is capable of estimating extreme return times of order of thousands of years for heat waves longer than several days more precisely than the fit based on generalized extreme value distribution. Finally, the quality of its synthetic extreme teleconnection patterns obtained with SWG is studied. We showcase two examples of such synthetic teleconnection patterns for heat waves in France and Scandinavia that compare favorably to the very long climate model control run.

Magnetic nano-tweezer for interrogating mechanosensitive signaling proteins in space and time.

Spatiotemporal interrogation of signal transduction at the single-cell level is necessary to understand how extracellular cues are converted into biochemical signals and differentially regulate cellular responses. Using single-cell perturbation tools such as optogenetics, specific biochemical cues can be delivered to selective molecules or cells at any desired location and time. By measuring cellular responses to provided perturbations, investigators have decoded and deconstructed the working mechanisms of a variety of neuroelectric and biochemical signaling processes. However, analogous methods for deciphering the working mechanisms of mechanosensitive signaling by regulating mechanical inputs to cell receptors have remained elusive. To address this unmet need, we have recently developed a nanotechnology-based single-cell and single-molecule perturbation tool, termed mechanogenetics, that enables precise spatial and mechanical control over genetically encoded cell-surface receptors in live cells. This tool combines a magnetofluorescent nanoparticle (MFN) actuator, which provides precise spatial and mechanical signals to receptors via target-specific one-to-one interaction, with a micromagnetic tweezersthat remotely controls the force exerted on a single nanoparticle. This chapter provides comprehensive experimental protocols of mechanogenetics consisting of four stages: (i) chemical synthesis of MFNs, (ii) bio-conjugation and purification of monovalent MFNs, (iii) establishment of cells with genetically encoded mechanosensitive proteins, and (iv) modular targeting and control of cell-surface receptors in live cells. The entire procedure takes up to 1 week. This mechanogenetic tool can be generalized to study many outstanding questions related to the dynamics of cell signaling and transcriptional control, including the mechanism of mechanically activated receptor.

Податкові інструменти стимулювання інвестицій в Україні та світі

Introduction. The widespread use of investment tax incentives to attract private investment around the world, and especially in developing countries in the absence of sufficiently convincing evidence of their impact on the volume of investment is an important policy issue for national governments and the international community. Problem Statement. Despite the lack of convincing evidence of the effectiveness of investment tax incentives, Ukraine, like most other countries, does not abandon the practice of using them, which necessitates exploring ways (primarily improving the design features of the incentives and the reasons for the negative consequences of the use of similar incentives in the past) to reduce the risks of their introduction. The purpose of the article is to analyze investment stimulation tools in Ukraine, to determine the possible risks of their application, based on the results of theoretical research and the practice of using similar incentives in EU countries. The methods of comparative analysis, abstract logic, analogies and theoretical generalization are used. Results. Constructive elements of tax and non-tax investment incentives for industrial parks, large investment projects and certain types of economic activity introduced in Ukraine are characterized. A comparative analysis of them with similar incentives in the EU countries was carried out. The author draws conclusions about the risks of their use in Ukraine, which are caused by: rejection of expenditure-based investment tax incentives, such as investment tax allowance or investment tax credit, which are considered to be better than income-based incentives; lack of practice in Ukraine of assessing the effectiveness of the use of investment tax incentives for SEZs and TPRs that were applied in the past, one of the types of which is industrial parks; the use of tax holidays in most preferential regimes introduced in Ukraine – a temporary exemption from corporate income tax, which is considered a particularly poorly thought-out form of investment incentives; reservations about tax incentives for large investment projects, which can lead to abuses and distortions; uncertainty about the possibility of state financial support for investment projects in the period of post-war economic recovery.

A design method for multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission considering mode continuity

Compared with single-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission, multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission can achieve high power, wide speed range, and high efficiency, which is the most suitable hybrid electric transmission scheme for heavy vehicles. Mode switching quality is the key factor restricting the application of multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission. Therefore, a design method for multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission which can ensure mode switching without speed difference is proposed. Firstly, based on the lever analogy method and analysis on characteristics of mechanical points, three conditions of mode continuity and methods to satisfy these conditions on function level are obtained. Then the design method can be divided into three steps: (1) design the function model of each mode scheme to achieve the conditions of mode continuity; (2) design the configuration of each mode scheme according to the function model and comprehensive consideration of mode continuity, structural simplification and operation logic, and combine the configuration of each mode into an integral scheme by arranging clutches/brakes; (3) inversely convert the lever model in the configuration scheme to planetary gear set to obtain specific transmission scheme. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the design method, one of the design results is taken as an example to carry out mechanical structure design, kinematics and power flow analysis.

ОЦІНКА КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПЕРЕВАГ ГОТЕЛІВ ТУРИСТИЧНОГО КУРОРТУ МИГОВЕ ЯК БАЗОВИХ ЧИННИКІВ ПОВЕДІНКИ СПОЖИВАЧІВ ПОСЛУГ ГОСТИННОСТІ

In a broad and general sense, hospitality services are components of tourist services, and their quality shapes and influences consumer behavior, the level of service and comprehensive development of tourism and its products. Hotels and tourism also create a positive impact on the economy of many countries or regions. But now, due to the prolonged state of war and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, domestic tourism is still experiencing difficult times. Many hotels and other tourism-related businesses experience the problems that lead to the reduction of their network, and in the most critical case - to closure. These risks create difficulties for people who work in the tourism industry or interact with it as counterparties. Our task is to diagnose the external competitive advantages of the hotel infrastructure and justify their consideration in relation to the potential behavior of consumers of hospitality and tourism services in order to successfully operate the respective destinations, using the example of the mountain resort of Mygove, Chernivtsi region. In the process of carrying out the research, literary, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and analogy methods were used; specifically scientific: factor analysis and statistical methods. The article examines the methodology of diagnosing external competitive advantages of hotel infrastructure and substantiating their application in tourism for the purpose of successful functioning of relevant destinations and the state of hotel infrastructure on the example of the mountain tourist resort of Mygove, Chernivtsi region. The results of the scientific research can be used by local self-government bodies for the development and justification of long-term strategic plans for the organization, management and development of the tourist business and hotel infrastructure of the Mygove mountain resort in the conditions of the influence of various factors on the behavior of tourists as potential consumers. Theoretical, methodological and applied developments, together with the obtained results, can be used in similar studies for other regions in overcoming crisis phenomena of the tourism and hotel business caused by pandemics, martial law in Ukraine and abroad.

Thermal performance enhancement in the receiver part of solar parabolic trough collectors

In this study, CFD analysis for thermal performance of absorber tube with inner helical axial fins which is used in solar PTC collector is considered and compared. Three-dimensional numerical model simulations were performed using flow and heat transfer interfaces in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Water is used as heat transfer fluid and copper was chosen as receiver tube material. Sun's radiation is considered as constant at around (Io=1000 W/m2) and concentration ratio is C=60. Inlet velocity of heat transfer fluid is changed from 0.2ms to 0.2 4 ms in order to define its magnitude with the length of absorber tube. Electrical analog method is utilized for mathematical modeling to evaluate heat losses through the absorber tube. Variations of surface and fluid temperature are determined to investigate the receiver which shows better performance in the given boundary conditions. In the discussion section of the article, temperature variation of the receiver tube and HTF during this process is presented.

Copyrights to the Results of Artificial Intelligence Activity and Means of Their Protection

Objective: to substantiate the mechanisms of legal protection of intellectual property objects created with the use of artificial intelligence.Methods: the use of artificial intelligence to create works that are traditionally considered copyright objects was investigated with a set of general scientific and theoretical-legal methods of scientific cognition, including comparison, analogy and synthesis. In addition, the practice of using artificial intelligence, including neural networks, to create such works was considered in several aspects on the basis of retrospective and multifactor analysis.Results: the paper summarizes the current practice of using artificial intelligence to create works that traditionally belong to intellectual property objects (texts, images, music, software), taking into account the formulated scientific and legal positions. Several qualitatively different variants of the use of artificial intelligence were identified. For each of these variants the mechanism of legal protection was proposed and the areas of their effective application were indicated. Proposals were made to regulate the legal protection of the results of artificial intelligence activity; this was made not in the paradigm of competing doctrines, but by combining several tools, each of them to be applied in a relevant situation.Scientific novelty: the paper presents ontological differentiation of the results of artificial intelligence activity and the corresponding mechanisms of their legal protection. The author propose to consider the results of activity created by artificial intelligence not as a single object of legal regulation, but as a set of externally similar, but ontologically different objects, each requiring a separate approach to legal protection.Practical significance: the ontological differentiation of the results of artificial intelligence activity and their corresponding legal protection mechanisms proposed in this paper is relevant both as a basis for further research and as proposals to supplement civil legislation.

EFFECTS OF ANALOGY AND TARGET TASK APPROACH (TTA) ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN GAS LAWS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

The study sorts out between the Target Task Approach (TTA), Analogy, and Lecture method that will best increase the achievement and retention of learned concepts. It adopted a quasi-experimental design with a study population of 42,811 and a sample of 294 students drawn from nine government schools in Delta State, Nigeria. The instrument for the study was the Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) which was found valid in face and content. The reliability was established using the Kuder-Richardson formula 21, and a reliability coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. Chemistry Achievement Test was employed in gathering data, while Analysis of Variance was used to analyse the data after the groups’ equivalence was established. The results showed, among others, that all three methods significantly affected achievement; students under Analogy and TTA achieved and retained significantly higher than those in the Lecture method. The study concluded that Analogy and TTA should be employed rather than Lecture method to improve students’ achievement and retention. It was recommended that Analogy and Target Task Approach (TTA) should be adopted by Chemistry teachers in teaching Chemistry at the secondary school level, and school administrators should provide and organise in-service training for Chemistry teachers to equip them with the required skills needed to implement Analogy and Target Task Approach (TTA) with no difficulty. This will also ensure in-depth knowledge and mastery of Chemistry concepts.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0018/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Some methodological aspects of conducting and evaluating adult health check-up: a systematic review of regulatory public health documentation in the Russian Federation

Background. The Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws define the main postulates of the methodology for preventive measures as a priority in the field of public health. Sectoral regulatory legal acts, namely, orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia present the methodology as a system of principles and methods for organizing preventive activities, including health check-ups of the adult population. The effectiveness of the largest preventive measure of the Russian health care system — health check-ups of certain groups of the adult population — depends on the quality and validity of the methodological provisions of the regulatory legal act.Objective. To assess the completeness and objectivity of methodological approaches to conducting and evaluating medical check-ups of certain groups of the adult population, reflected in regulatory legal acts.Methods. The research methodology involved a systematic review of the regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation in the field of health care from January 2012 to December 2022 to verify the basics of the methodology for conducting and evaluating preventive measures for certain groups of the adult population. The information was searched in the database of the ConsultantPlus legal reference system and on the official website of the Ministry of Health (Russian Federation), as well as in the electronic databases of the CyberLeninka and eLIBRARY.RU scientific electronic libraries. The study involved the methods of content analysis, analytical generalization, analogies, and formalization. Data analysis was focused on the organization of the health check-up of the adult population, the evaluation of its performance and effectiveness in accordance with regulatory legal acts, as well as the assessment of the quality of data obtained during the check-up.Results. A dynamic retrospective study of the regulatory framework, including the orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia, both those that have expired and those that are currently in force, identified methodological shortcomings in conducting and evaluating medical check-ups. The methodology for health check-ups of the adult population is reflected in regulatory acts. However, their number exceeds one or several documents, thereby creating a certain complexity in their interpretation and use in practice. The methodology for assessing and monitoring the implementation of health check-ups appears to be poorly defined, since it is based on a single indicator — coverage of the population with preventive check-ups and clinical examinations, thereby failing to reflect the real effect of the largest preventive measure of the state health care system. The issue requires new methodological approaches to conducting and evaluating health check-ups as a whole. The study and evaluation of check-up results is based on the statistical data analysis with imperfect methodology for collecting the data. This negatively affects the quality of statistical data, thereby leading to inadequate interpretation of the data and, as a result, to erroneous management decisions made at all levels of the executive branch.Conclusion. It is advisable to develop general methodology for conducting medical check-ups, and to consider the feasibility of creating an integral indicator for evaluating them. Specialists in the field of health care, as well as in related fields, should be involved for this purpose. A medical health officer should be assigned to coordinate the development of a methodology for organizing, conducting and evaluating health check-ups.

Composer's video for his own work: time parallels, dotted lines, perpendiculars

Relevance of the study is related to the problem of composers' self-illustrations in the YouTube presentations. The novelty of this topic is conditioned by new practice to illustrate music in YouTube. Graphic representation of music leads to the problem of correspondence between music and video. We selected only two Ukrainian composers to compare: Yuri Ishchenko and Sviatoslav Luniov.
 The main objective of the study is the determination of main principles of similarity or dissimilarity of time structures in music and images. The methodology is based on methods of comparison and analogy in the context of phenomenological approach to the Event in the Being Time (by late Heidegger). How the study was done: time structures of selected compositions were compared, through analogies, with the illustrating graphic events as phenomena of existential time. Thereby a number of similarities and dissimilarities were detected.
 Composer Y. Ishchenko preferred to illustrate his music by static images. Such a situation is a paradoxical because of the dynamic essence of his music. It establishes the problem of co-existent two time situations: in the first of them there is an integral and quasi-timeless image of music; but in the other situation there is a running stream of music structures. This approach becomes very and very fruitful because Music is able to use both the continuity, integrity of musical image as well as fluid sound events. The Y. Ishchenko's "Watercolors" for violin and piano are illustrated by several images; this approach makes it possible to mark different parts of total design (i.e. different movements or stages). Another solution one can hear and see in his "Small partita" for violin and harp. I helped him to accompany this design with fragments of animation about baroque époque. There are several GIFs - the periodically repeating images, which creates a cross-rhythm constellation with music. The significant crossfade is present in the video by Ishchenko's 3rd Violin sonata: ruined house through cross-like gap transforms in an abandoned church. The final fade of it lasts a minute. Thus, the minimal graphic processes are extremely expressive. S. Luniov mastered advanced skills in electronic music and its visual presentation. In his video "POST” he combines fragments of his own Panta Rhei for orchestra with sounds of the war. The intensity of the music development is essentially higher than that of graphic illustration, but at the end of the project the situation is opposite. In the video accompanying his Panta Rhei for orchestra S. Luniov synchronized main events and stages of the sound score with more intensive changes of the video stream and its thematic.
 Findings and conclusions. For the composer Y. Ishchenko, the graphic self-illustration on YouTube was mostly the outer necessity. He often limited his projects with static images for the total score or its main parts. Thus, he reinforced the integrity pole of events with the graphic ingredient of YouTube projects. Thereby, the dramaturgic tense of his compositions is concentrated in music. Such an approach was called time perpendicular strategy or time dotted line strategy. For the composer S. Luniov, the graphic self-illustration on YouTube is mostly the parallel stream of events. However, the tempo and intensity of visual and sound streams can be unequal. Such an approach is called time parallel strategy. Significance of the study follows from its conclusions, leading to more skillful and exact solutions within composers' self-illustration, i.e. in clarifying the semantic and structure design in music.

Improving the Electronic Conductivity of Alluaudite Na2.5Fe1.75(SO4)3 Cathodes for Na-Ion Batteries

The increasing dependency on batteries in modern technology has led to an ever-increasing demand that cannot be met by Li-ion batteries (LIBs) alone. The push towards using renewable energy and electric vehicles, coupled with the limited reserves of lithium resources is encouraging research into alternative options for electrochemical storage devices. Na-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternatives due to the similarity of their chemistry to LIBs. This allows for utilisation of analogous materials and methods already in place for LIBs. Furthermore, SIBs are more economically viable and environmentally sustainable due to the abundance of the elements that can be utilised as electrode active materials. For example, SIB cathodes, such as Na2.5Fe1.75(SO4)3, can be synthesised from precursor materials that are widely available by-products of industry. The polyanionic framework of Na2.5Fe1.75(SO4)3 has three 3-dimensional vacancies within it, in which Na-ions de/intercalate.[1] However, the performance of Na-ion batteries is hindered by the low electronic conductivity of these polyanionic compounds, affecting the flow of electrons through the material and the reversible movements of the Na ions.[2] To address this issue, previous reports have shown that using a conductive additive such as carbon black and graphene oxides can increase the electronic conductivity of Na ion cathode materials and improving battery performance.[3]In this work, we investigate a non-stoichiometric alluaudite phase Na2.5Fe1.75(SO4)3 material (NFS), produced by a ball-milling-assisted solid-state synthesis. A study of the effects of variables on the ball milling process using the was carried out. A multi-step process involving a repetition of the ball milling and annealing was used to decrease particle size and eliminate impurities. The results were compared regarding particle size, impurities present, conductivity and battery performance. The obtained materials were characterised using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The materials were tested as cathodes in sodium half-cells with 1 mol/L NaClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/ propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte. The additional ball milling and annealing steps saw a significant decrease in impurities present across all variations in methodology. All batteries show three redox peaks in their differential capacity plots, demonstrating that all three vacancies within the polyanionic framework of Na2.5Fe1.75(SO4)3 are active during charge and discharge. The best performing electrode achieved a capacity of 80 mAh/g using only C45 as a conductive additive. These are promising results that are expected to improve with further studies researching the addition of RGOs and MXenes into the ball milling process. These composite electrodes will be prepared by combining rGOs/MXenes with the NFS precursors during the synthesis process of Na2.5Fe1.75(SO4)3 to enhance battery performance further.

SiO2 Nanoparticle Coating to Enable Polyethylene-Based Na-Ion Battery Separators

The increasing demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), pushed even more by the electrical vehicle industry, has highlighted the concern with the scarcity and uneven distribution of LIB raw materials. Electrochemical energy storage based on alternative chemistries, once properly developed, may provide sufficient energy density to partly supply that demand, reducing the dependence on Li natural reserves. Among the studied chemistries, Na-ion-based storage is currently attracting a lot of research attention. This is partly due to the similarities between Li and Na, which allow for the utilisation of analogous materials and methods already in place for LIBs. However, not every component of LIBs can be directly applied to Na-ion batteries (SIB).[1] This is the case for battery separators, the membranes used to avoid physical contact between the two battery electrodes to prevent short circuiting while conducting ions from one battery pole to the other. Porous polyolefin films, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), have been successfully used in LIBs, but are not compatible with SIB electrolytes. In the latter case, issues arise from the poor wettability of the separator with the electrolyte, which leads to low ionic conductivity, and creates an uneven flux of ions that can cause cell failure. To address this issue, previous reports have shown that the presence of inorganic oxides such as ZrO2 [2] and SiO2 [3] on polyolefin films can increase the affinity of the separator with commonly used LIB and SIB electrolytes. Moreover, ceramic-modified films also show higher thermal stability and hindered thermal shrinkage, which improves battery safety.In this work, we investigated PE coated with spherical SiO2 particles (designed by Glantreo, Ireland) with different sizes of 85 and 200 nm. The coatings were made by tape casting both sides of a PE film with slurries containing SiO2 particles and a binder. Binder type, SiO2 concentration and SiO2/binder ratio were optimized for each particle size. The obtained films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, and were compared regarding their wettability, thermal stability, and ionic conductivity. The films were tested as separators in hard-carbon half-cells with 1 mol/L NaClO4 in either diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME) or ethylene carbonate (EC)/ propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte. With carbonate-based electrolyte, PE has very low wettability and cells short circuit within the first cycle. However, SiO2-PE samples showed higher wettability, which allowed for cycling at low current densities. In DEGDME-based electrolyte, cells with PE separator presented capacity fade, with 50% capacity loss after 250 cycles at 400 mA/g. On the other hand, cells with SiO2-PE separator had stable cycling for more than 300 cycles and no short-circuiting was observed, even when high active mass loading electrodes (8 mg/cm2) were used. These are promising results showing that a surface layer of SiO2 particles can make PE a viable option for SIB separators.

RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON OBTAINING LOW- CEMENT WALL MATERIALS FROM WASTE OF SAMING OF LOCAL LIME STONES

The results of experimental studies are presented on the production of single low-cement modified dry-pressed bricks from limestone stone sawing waste from Martakert stone quarries. The technological parameters for the manufacture of these bricks and their physical and mechanical properties have been established. A high convergence of the properties of the resulting wall material was determined in comparison with ceramic and silicate bricks used in construction. Using the method of analogy, the compliance of the quality indicators of experimentally obtained bricks with the requirements of regulatory documents was proven. The fundamental possibility of producing low- cement bricks from stone sawing waste from local quarries, as well as their use in construction, has been established. The production of low-cement bricks makes it possible to increase construction efficiency and reduce the cost of operating completed facilities. This also leads to a reduction in environmental risks from the accumulation of stone sawing waste in large areas and pollution of the air and water basins of the region.

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL OBSERVATION NETWORK FOR HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES OF RIVERS OF ARMENIA

Hydrological observation stations are the source of accurate information necessary for the study of spatiotemporal changes of the river flow and for organizing the effective management of water resources. The paper presents the optimal observation network for hydrological studies of river flow in Armenia. The study is based on the optimization methodology of the regime hydrological observation network developed by I.F.Karasev. Statistical, interpolation, comparison, and analogy methods were used. It was inferred that the optimal observation network for hydrological studies of river flow in Armenia will consist of 86 hydrological observation stations.