Analogical Mapping Research Articles

Обзор рынка и потребителей аналоговой картографической продукции

The introduction of digital technology and methods in all spheres of life, including the field of cartography, has led to creating new forms of cartographic visualization. Consumers access to numerous geospatial databases. Cartographic products are not of only of special but also the public use. Along with this acts traditional paper-based cartography. The author deals with a topic related to analog mapping products. The objective is showing the role of analog cartography in the development of our country, overviewing the current situation and prospects for further using paper maps, monitoring changes in various segments of analog cartography and various external and internal factors affecting them, as well as the degree of influence of these factors in the digital era technologies. The characteristics of spatial data users, their requirements in digital and analog cartography are reviewed. The development trends of analog cartography in Russia are considered.

Diameter assessment of soilcrete column using in-hole electrical resistivity tomography

Quality control of jet grouting at large depth is a challenging task. An in-hole electrical resistivity method was recently shown to have high potential for assessing the diameter and integrity of jet grouting. To facilitate visualised inspection and practical use of the in-hole resistivity method for jet grouting, this study introduces a novel and practical tomographic approach. An analogous mapping approach from axially symmetric in-hole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to two-dimensional (2D) half-space surface ERT is proposed, allowing direct implementation of widely available 2D inversion software. A quantitative reduction method is also proposed to determine accurately the variation of column diameter from the inverted tomogram. Numerical simulations validate the proposed approach and show that the estimation error is within 10% when the electrode spacing is less than 1/5 of the column diameter. The spatial resolution and the effect of axially asymmetric condition are numerically investigated, the latter suggesting the importance of centralising electrodes in the soilcrete column. Two physical model tests are performed and verify the performance of the proposed method experimentally.

Subsurface Modeling Based on Gravity Data of Rendingan-Ulubelu-Waypanas (RUW) Geothermal Field, Lampung, Indonesia

Indonesia is located along the archipelago which has abundance of volcanoes along the arc. Therefore, Indonesia has a very high geothermal energy potential, such as the Rendingan-Ulubelu-Waypanas Geothermal Field in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. Geophysical exploration is required to characterize the subsurface geothermal system. One of the methods that can be used is gravity method. The data used in this study is an analog Rendingan-Ulubelu-Waypanas Geothermal Field Complete Bouguer Anomaly Map of 2005. The analog map was then converted into digital map for further data processing. Separation of regional and residual Bouguer anomalies has been performed using moving average and spectral filter methods, in which the spectral analysis was conducted in 1D and 2D. The value of Bouguer background density used for 2.5D subsurface modeling is 2.67 g/cc. The gravity anomalies obtained in this study can be interpreted as follow. The existence of high anomalies under Mount Waypanas was interpreted as a Tertiary intrusion of granite with a density contrast of 0.22 g/cc. While low anomalies in the northern part was interpreted as a Quaternary intrusion of diorite with a density contrast of -0.22 g/cc, which acts as the heat source of the system. The reservoir of the system is the Quaternary young volcanics exposed on the surface with averaged thickness of 1500 m. We concluded that the fluid flow in this geothermal system is the meteoric water from Mount Rendingan and Mount Tanggamus, which has a higher topography, flows to a lower topography area in the Mount Waypanas, The fluid flow also creates an upflow under Mount Rendingan.

Doppler Radar Measurements of Spatial Turbulence Intensity in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

AbstractRemote sensing instruments that scan have the ability to provide high-resolution spatial measurements of atmospheric boundary layer winds across a region. However, the time required to collect the volume of measurements used to produce this spatial representation of atmospheric winds typically limits the extraction of atmospheric turbulence information using traditional temporal analysis techniques. To overcome this constraint, a spatial turbulence intensity (STI) metric was developed to quantify atmospheric turbulence intensity (TI) through analysis of spatial wind field variability. The methods used to determine STI can be applied throughout the measurement domain to transform the spatially distributed velocity fields to analogous measurement maps of STI. This method enables a comprehensive spatial characterization of atmospheric TI. STI efficacy was examined across a range of wind speeds and atmospheric stability regimes using both single- and dual-Doppler measurements. STI demonstrated the ability to capture rapid fluctuations in TI and was able to discern large-scale TI trends consistent with the early evening transition. The ability to spatially depict atmospheric TI could benefit a variety of research disciplines such as the wind energy industry, where an understanding of wind plant complex flow spatiotemporal variability is limited.

Visualization of Isolects in Cirebon Regency Based on Geospatial

The phenomenon of language variation often occurs in border areas and can be visualized by a Geographic Information System (GIS) application that has the ability to visualize linguistic conditions in a region. Geospatial shows the location, place, and position of an object that is below, on, or above the surface of the earth expressed in a particular coordinate system. The method used in this study is descriptive analytical with the application of GIS as a supporting analysis tools. Field surveys were used to assess the accuracy of the results of the models applied. The initial stage of the study was carried out an inventory of isolates. In this case, 208 data are obtained from gloss and berian. The study sample consisted of 41 villages spread across Cirebon Regency. Gloss and cryptic data are tabulated into the database using the MS Excel application, which is the GIS input data. After filtering the data, it can be seen that there are 28 villages in minimum noise conditions from 41 villages which were originally determined to be research samples. Visualization of isolates is presented in two types, namely analog maps (printed) and digital maps in scale of 1: 220,000.

Using advertising alignment to improve product placement effects on product choice: The power of facilitating analogies

AbstractTwo studies investigate the utility of analogical reasoning for improving the likelihood of consumer choice after a product placement. Data suggest that analogical transfer to real‐life situations of a product solution featured in a placement can be facilitated by judicious use of accompanying advertising. Ads that are distinct from placement content are associated with higher choice frequencies for the focal item than are ads that play as extensions of a show episode in which a product was placed. This presumably occurs because distinct ads promote generalization of the solution viewed in the product placement, and this, in turn, facilitates later analogical mapping of the solution.

Calibration of raster image using GIS class software - accuracy analysis

Most of the information related to our environment directly relates to a specific location on the surface of the Earth – spatial data. From the beginning of his existence, the man collected them and made their analysis. Over time, their number increased so that geographic information systems (GIS) were necessary for their storage and processing. The basic GIS functions include collecting, verifying, managing, processing, analyzing and visualizing data. It is the data, next to people, equipment, software and procedures that are the basic element of such systems. Despite the huge technological progress, the basic source of information for this type of systems are still scanned analogue maps. Very often they are the only available material necessary to assess the spatial changes of the environment. However, in order for the information constituting the content of the map to be able to supply the databases of geographical information systems, it is necessary to give them spatial orientation. This can be during the calibration process. The quality of the data and the level of analyzes are largely dependent on the method and error of fitting the spatial map. Significant geo-referencing possibilities are provided by the GIS class software, among others QGIS software.

Structural and thermal retrofitting of masonry walls: An integrated cost-analysis approach for the Italian context

Constructions ageing is a relevant problem in developed country like Italy. In particular, in case of existing masonry buildings, retrofitting interventions aimed at improving structural and thermal performances represents an obvious need. At the same time, sustainability awareness of buildings life-cycle has grown in the last years. Consequently, the whole life-cycle of constructions should be analyzed and assessed during the design of retrofitting interventions. In order to take into account these aspects new design and planning methods are necessary. This paper presents an integrated approach to evaluate structural and thermal retrofitting strategies for masonry walls. Economic and ecological costs of each examined retrofitting solution are compared, taking into account thermal and seismic capacity demand of the construction site. Given the economic cost, a set of retrofitting solutions for masonry panels have been mapped with a couple of parameters (structural strength Vs thermal insulation). An analogous mapping, considering the ecological cost due to equivalent CO2 production, have been performed. A methodology to find the best solution among a set of retrofitting solutions is presented, depending on the location of the building and its seismic and thermal characteristics. Examples, based on six retrofitting techniques located in four different sites in Italy, are analyzed to explain the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed method. The comparison between ecological and economical cost allowed to highlight the characteristics of the different interventions. Thermal performance proved to be more important in cold weather conditions while structural retrofitting is preferable in high seismic risk areas.

An integrated framework to identify and analyze karst sinkholes

Sinkholes are the most typical surface feature of karst landscapes. Their correct mapping is of great importance for a proper assessment of the possible occurrence of new events, and the likely effects they could have on the anthropogenic environment. In this work we compare and discuss different ways to map sinkholes, including heuristic approach, automatic mapping through different resolution DTMs, and digital aerial photo interpretation, aimed at highlighting advantages and drawbacks of the multiple approaches. For our purpose we use a study area in the Murge of Apulia, SE Italy, where many sinkholes of several typologies are present to characterize the landscape. To evaluate the reliability of the sinkhole mapping, we set up a conceptual methodology that integrates a semi-automatic method with the heuristic approach, with a special focus on the importance of incorporating digital stereoscopic interpretation. In detail, we used as input two DTMs at different resolution, aimed to test the robustness of the automatic method in different circumstances. Comparison of the data produced by the different approaches illustrated how the number, density and boundaries of the sinkholes may vary as a function of the input data. The automated mapping provides reliable results in terms of number, dimensions, and morphometric attributes of sinkholes, and appears to be particularly useful when large areas must be analyzed.Within the whole process, we stress the role of the expert geomorphologist who must determine the accuracy of the product obtained with the automated mapping by correcting/eliminating features not attributable to karst processes. The presented approach highlights the potential of digital stereoscopy in substantially decreasing the errors encountered with traditional analog mapping, simultaneously reducing the working time significantly.

A computational theory of evaluation in creative design

Creative problems are ill-defined, and thus experimentation, evaluation, and iteration are key elements of creative problem solving. We present a computational theory of evaluation in creative design. Our technique evaluates a design concept by analogically comparing it with alternative articulations of the concept. We operationalize this theory of analogical comparison in the context of biologically inspired design that uses biological analogies for conceptual design of technological systems. Our technique of analogical comparison supports evaluation of prior technological designs, biological source cases, as well as candidate conceptual designs through analogical mapping between alternative functional models of these design concepts. Given a functional model of a design concept and an alternative functional model of the same design concept, analogical comparison leverages a novel hierarchically organized analogical mapping technique to align the two models and identify the differences between them. Our technique is implemented in an operational artificial intelligence agent called Design Evaluation through Simulation and Comparison (DESC). We evaluate DESC through computational experimentation across several models to illustrate its strengths and limits and to highlight areas for future research.

Information flow in the Security Management System

Implementation of security objectives is conditioned by fast access to reliable and up-to-date information about processes occurring within the Safety Management Systems. The amount of information and the speed of changes taking place in the environment makes it necessary to introduce a system of information management and channels of their flow not only within the organization, but also in communication with third parties. Proper management of information resources increases the efficiency and effectiveness of SMS functioning. The article presents the possibility of a formalized description of the flow of external and internal information in a well-functioning Railway Operator Safety Management System. Analogous maps can be identified for infrastructure managers, defining key elements of its functioning.

Momentum maps for mixed states in quantum and classical mechanics

This paper presents the momentum map structures which emerge in the dynamics of mixed states. Both quantum and classical mechanics are shown to possess analogous momentum map pairs associated to left and right group actions. In the quantum setting, the right leg of the pair identifies the Berry curvature, while its left leg is shown to lead to different realizations of the density operator, which are of interest in quantum molecular dynamics. Finally, the paper shows how alternative representations of both the density matrix and the classical density are equivariant momentum maps generating new Clebsch representations for both quantum and classical dynamics. Uhlmann's density matrix [58] and Koopman wavefunctions [41] are shown to be special cases of this construction.

Review of Implementation of Augmented Reality into the Georeferenced Analogue and Digital Maps and Images

Augmented reality (AR) combines information from databases with information derived directly through the human senses or different sensors. AR is the organic, real-time, and dynamically overlaying virtual images created by computers and other information on a real environment that the observer can see. Virtual information changes according to the movement of the observer, as if that virtual information truly exists in the real world. The convergence of geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping, mobile technology, and augmented reality (AR) implies the emergence of location based systems (LBS) and, in turn, the diminishing use of traditional analog maps by smartphone users. The focus and review of current achievements in this subject on the wider trends of the use of AR also prove that coding of some data and metadata on an image or a map (both in digital and analogue form) permits inter alia the inclusion of, for example, a paper map or analogue image into the chain of digital devices use. Some solutions, remarks, and comments concerning functioning of the digitally augmented (printed) map and their digital counterparts within the information society are presented.

Improving fit perceptions for an incongruent sponsorship: Associating a sports property to a brand via analogical articulation

Brands frequently sponsor properties that they do not naturally align with. In such cases, the brand must articulate how it is related to the property. The use of analogy is one way to do this. Two elements necessary to resolve an analogy are analogical mapping and memory retrieval of information relevant to both the source (i.e., property) and target (i.e., brand). Our research expands on previous work by testing whether analogical articulations of incongruent sponsorships do in fact rely on analogical reasoning. Toward this end, we compare the effectiveness of analogical articulations to two tasks designed to stimulate associative thinking: analogical mapping (study 1) and memory retrieval (study 2). Our results indicate that the tasks and analogical articulations each provide equivalent improvements in fit relative to control groups shown only an unarticulated incongruent sponsorship. We conclude that analogical articulations engage analogical reasoning to improve fit perceptions for incongruent sponsorships.

Cartographic Line Generalization Based on Radius of Curvature Analysis

Cartographic generalization is one of the important processes of transforming the content of both analogue and digital maps. The process of reducing details on the map has to be conducted in a planned way in each case when the map scale is to be reduced. As far as digital maps are concerned, numerous algorithms are used for the generalization of vector line elements. They are used if the scale of the map (on screen or printed) is changed, or in the process of smoothing vector lines (e.g., contours). The most popular method of reducing the number of vertices of a vector line is the Douglas-Peucker algorithm. An important feature of most algorithms is the fact that they do not take into account the cartographic properties of the transformed map element. Having analysed the existing methods of generalization, the authors developed a proprietary algorithm that is based on the analysis of the curvature of the vector line and fulfils the condition of objective generalization for elements of digital maps that may be used to transform open and closed vector lines. The paper discusses the operation of this algorithm, along with the graphic presentation of the generalization results for vector lines and the analysis of their accuracy. Treating the set of verification radii of a vector line as a statistical series, the authors propose applying statistical indices of position of these series, connected with the shape of the vector line, as the threshold parameters of generalization. The developed algorithm allows for linking the generalization parameters directly to the scale of the topographic map that was obtained after generalization. The results of the operation of the algorithm were compared to the results of the reduction of vertices with use of the Douglas-Peucker algorithm. The results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm not only reduced the number of vertices, but that it also smoothed the shape of physiographic lines, if applied to them. The authors demonstrated that the errors of smoothing and position of vertices did not exceed the acceptable values for the relevant scales of topographic maps. The developed algorithm allows for adjusting the surface of the generalized areas to their initial value more precisely. The advantage of the developed algorithm consists in the possibility to apply statistical indices that take the shape of lines into account to define the generalization parameters.

Impact of processing load on analogical mapping with visual sequences in children with developmental language disorders (DLD).

Analogical mapping is a domain-general cognitive process used notably in language development, and particularly in the abstraction of construction schemas. Children with developmental language disorders (DLD) display an impairment in linguistic productivity and creativity, which can be linked to a lack of generalization of construction schemas. To investigate analogical mapping in children with DLD, and especially the influence of processing load, as it could explain the lack of creativity observed in children with DLD. It was hypothesized that analogical mapping is altered in children with DLD and that greater cognitive load (sequential presentation and no perceptual support) would be linked to poorer performance in these children. Fifteen children with DLD and their age-matched peers were administrated a visual analogical reasoning task where they had to complete a sequence sharing the same relational structure as previously presented sequences. Two factors influencing processing load were studied: the modality of presentation (sequential versus simultaneous) and the perceptual support (with versus without). Results showed an expected group effect with poorer performance in children with DLD compared with children with typical language development (TLD). Results corroborated hypotheses according to which children with DLD have difficulties with analogical mapping, which could hinder their abstraction of construction schemas. Results about the influence of processing load were mixed. While the difference between the two groups was more marked for the items without perceptual support than for those with perceptual support, children with DLD were not more affected by the sequential presentation than children with TLD. Children with DLD have impaired analogical mapping competences, especially when the relational similarities are not supported by perceptual cues. This impairment may be the cause of their difficulties in abstracting construction schemas, thus provoking their poor linguistic productivity and creativity. However, more studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis, as the influence of analogical reasoning on language development could also be reversed or could be linked to another external factor.

153 Dose monitoring in synchrotron radiation breast computed tomography with radiochromic films

Purpose To measure the dose distribution in a phantom during a synchrotron radiation (SR) computed tomography (CT) scan using radiochromic films, for procedure assessment and for offline dose monitoring in SR breast CT. Methods We used XR-QA2 radiochromic films (calibrated in terms of free air kerma) and a 14-cm PMMA cylindrical phantom. Measurements were performed at the SYRMEP beamline of ELETTRA facility, within the SYRMA-3D project for phase-contrast breast CT [1] . The phantom was positioned at isocenter, pending from the patient bed. Measurements were performed at 38 keV, beam size of 3 mm × 150 mm (H × W), at an air kerma corresponding to a mean glandular dose of 5 mGy in a 14-cm diameter 50% glandular breast. The phantom was irradiated over 360° first with a film at the mid-plane, and then with film strips wrapped on its surface. Additional tests were made over 180° with an axial scan pitch of 1, 0.8 or 0.5. Results Results show a dose map at mid-plane the phantom, indicating the cup-shaped horizontal profile due to primary and scatter dose. Analogous maps were recorded with the films at the periphery of the phantom, representing the surface dose maps. Conclusions We performed measurements of the dose distribution in a phantom during a SR CT scan with different irradiation geometries. This technique produces evidence for selecting the suitable scan procedure. Moreover, as an offline monitor system, a piece of calibrated radiochromic film wrapped on a suitable holder around the breast could record the history of the organ irradiation.

Digital games as sources for science analogies: Learning about energy through play

Many research studies have focused on how game designs informed by learning theory can benefit students; fewer explore what needs to happen during instruction for students to translate what they learn in games into disciplinary knowledge. In this study, researchers examined whether instructional techniques that support visual mapping of analogies can help students translate game learning to science learning. The three digital games used in the study were designed to have images and actions that are analogous to photosynthesis, electricity, and heat transfer, topics that all relate to the larger crosscutting concept of energy transfer. We hypothesized that these digital games could serve as compelling, visual sources for analogies, but that teachers would need to explicitly map the relationships between the game visuals and the target science concepts for students to learn those concepts. Our study compared student learning outcomes from an intervention that combined digital gameplay with analogy mapping to outcomes from an intervention that used the same digital games without analogy mapping. We found that students who experienced analogy mapping learned more as measured by assessments of electricity and energy transfer. Findings from this study provide practical recommendations for integrating digital games into classroom instruction, as well as insights into how explicit analogical mapping supports sense-making and measurable progress toward accurate conceptual knowledge of complex scientific phenomena.

Long-range interactions from U (1) gauge fields via dimensional mismatch

We show how certain long-range models of interacting fermions in d + 1 dimensions are equivalent to gauge theories in D + 1 dimensions in which gauge fields are defined in a dimension (D) larger than the dimension (d) of the fermionic theory to be simulated. For d = 1 it is possible to obtain an exact mapping, providing an expression of the fermionic interaction potential in terms of half-integer powers of the Laplacian. An analogous mapping can be applied to the kinetic term of the bosonized theory. A diagrammatic representation of the theories obtained by dimensional mismatch is presented, and consequences and applications of the established duality are discussed. Finally, by using a perturbative approach, we address the canonical quantization of fermionic theories presenting non-locality in the interaction term to construct the Hamiltonians for the effective theories found by dimensional reduction. We conclude by showing that one can engineer the gauge fields and the dimensional mismatch in order to obtain long-range effective Hamiltonians with 1/r or 1/r2 potentials as examples.

New Technologies in Tourism: Transition from Analogue to Digital Maps

Purpose. The article discusses the subject of new technologies in tourism, especially the issue of replacing analogue maps with various types of digital ones - webGIS applications, geo-search engines, geoportals, applications containing tourist maps and mobile applications containing interactive maps. The research aimed to find an answer to the question whether we are actually dealing with the dusk of traditional tourism cartography, or if analogue maps are still needed and used. The issue regarding the impact of the geospatial revolution on subsequent stages of activity related to the preparation and completion of a tourist trip/journey was also discussed. Method. A discussion was presented on the role of maps in tourism. The advantages and disadvantages of digital maps, both computer and mobile ones, were evaluated within the context of their use by tourists. Findings. These considerations allowed the conclusion that despite the clear decline in the sales of tourist guides and tourist maps, the widespread availability of various types of computer and mobile applications on the market, it cannot be that we are witnessing the dusk of traditional tourism cartography trying to replace printed materials. Research and conclusions limitations. The theses presented in the article require empirical confirmation on the basis of a larger number of examples. Although the work discusses the advantages and disadvantages of cartographic media within the context of their suitability for tourism, however, conducting research on small trials and the occurrence of very different conditions makes them be contributing in nature. Practical implications. The conclusions from the article form the basis for further research on the use of digital maps and mapping applications in tourism and their usefulness at every stage of a journey. Originality. The originality of the article comes down to two issues. First of all, in the Polish literature on this subject, relatively few authors confront the advantages and disadvantages of analogue maps versus digital ones. Secondly, the texts that have been published on this subject so far draw attention to the above-mentioned problem within the context of the specificity of maps intended for tourists and other maps used by them, only to a negligible extent. Type of work. Review article.