Analog Acquisition Research Articles

A High-Frequency Mechanical Scanning Ultrasound Imaging System

High-frequency ultrasound has developed rapidly in clinical fields such as cardiovascular, ophthalmology, and skin with its high imaging resolution. However, the development of multi-elements high-frequency ultrasonic transducers and multi-channel high-frequency ultrasound imaging systems is extremely challenging. Here, a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system based on mechanical scanning was proposed in this paper. It adopts the method of reciprocating feed mechanism, which can achieve reciprocating scanning in the 14 mm range at 168 mm/s with a small 60 MHz transducer. A single-channel high-frequency ultrasonic imaging system consisting of the transmitting module, analog front end, acquisition module, and FPGA control module was developed. To overcome the non-uniformity of mechanical scanning, the ultrasound images are compensated according to the motion trajectory. The wire target and ex vivo tissue experiments have shown that the system can obtain an imaging resolution of 51 μm, imaging depth of 8 mm, and imaging speed of 12 fps. This high-frequency mechanical scanning ultrasound imaging system has the characteristics of simple structure, high-frequency, real-time, and good imaging performance, which can meet the clinical needs of high-resolution ultrasound images.

Application of High-voltage Circuit Breaker Status Evaluation Method Based on Primary and Secondary Integrated Switch Detection Platform

This paper proposes a high-voltage circuit breakers status evaluation method based on the primary and secondary integrated switch detection platform to cope with the poor effect of existing evaluation methods. A high-voltage circuit breaker status evaluation index system was determined in combination with the actual situation of high-voltage circuit breakers. The subjective weight of the status of the high-voltage circuit breaker was determined with the analytic hierarchy process, the objective weight of the status of the high-voltage circuit breaker was calculated by the entropy method, and the analog acquisition accuracy of the high-voltage circuit breaker was improved with the amplification circuit design of the genetic algorithm. After the weight was determined, the overall weighted evaluation was performed, and the status of the high-voltage circuit breaker was evaluated through primary and secondary integration. Through comparative experiments, it can be seen that the results of the weight proportion test on the high-voltage circuit breaker status evaluation based on the primary and secondary integration are greater than that of the traditional high-voltage circuit breaker status evaluation method. Therefore, the designed evaluation method based on the primary and secondary integration can be better applied to the distribution network and protect the circuit.

Automatic gas dynamic volumetric system for aquatic products' MA preservation

As there are many links in the cold chain logistics process, which takes a long time, the processed aquatic products are easily damaged and deteriorated. And the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in aquatic products can be inhibited by MA (Modified Atmosphere) preservation, thus extending the shelf life of aquatic products. In this context, we have developed an automatic gas dynamic volumetric system for aquatic products' MA preservation. It can control the operation platform by a 4G network cell phone client and realize remote monitoring function. Particularly, there are the main contents and conclusions of the study: 1) Combined with MA preservation, intelligent control and network communication technologies, we overcame the difficulties of remote monitoring for gas dynamic volumetric. Then, according to MA preservation and automatic gas dynamic volumetric, we designed a logical structure of the system, including the specific distribution of the sensing layer, network transmission layer and application layer. 2) We established the mathematical model for the system based on the step response method, and designed the analog acquisition, control and gas dynamic volumetric system; In addition, in this system, we realized the gas dynamic volumetric based on the embedded PID control algorithm and mass flow controller; Then, we used 4G network for remote data transmission and 4G DTU as network data transceiver, and realized remote monitoring function of mobile client through cell phone terminal applet software. 3) The results were shown by testing the stability, accuracy and communication of the system: the gas concentration error of the system floated at ± 0.25% when the gas dynamic volumetric system was stable, which was 12 times more accurate than before, and the gas dynamic volumetric speed based on embedded PID control algorithm was increasing by approximately about 50%, which greatly improved the working conditions and production efficiency.

Clinical experience with 18F-JK-PSMA-7 when using a digital PET/CT

BackgroundDigital PET/CT systems make use of a new technology with higher sensitivity and other better technological features than the analog ones. They require adaptation of the trade-off between performance, tracer dose and acquisition time. The aim of the study was to explore the performance of 18F-JK-PSMA-7 imaging when performed on a digital PET/CT with an adapted protocol, in a population of patients with prostate cancer patients (PCa). Influence of previous therapy on PET/CT performance is generally disregarded in PSMA-based imaging, despite potential influence of hormono-chemotherapy on the target expression. This potential influence was also tested in this work.MethodsA total of 54 PCa patients experiencing biochemical recurrence were included in the study, in which we analysed the diagnostic performance of digital 18F-JK-PSMA-7 PET/CT. Compared to our protocol applied for acquisition on an analog system, administered dose and acquisition time were reduced by 20% and 50% respectively. We specifically took into consideration the influence of previous treatments on recurrence detection.ResultsWe detected overall 18F-JK-PSMA-7-positive lesions in 38/54 patients (70.3%). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the detection rate between the groups of patients who had hormono-chemotherapy any time after initial diagnosis and those who never got any hormonal or chemotherapeutic treatment. Regarding the SUV max values, there was not significant difference between the two groups of patients neither in pelvic ganglions nor in other metastatic sites or the prostate region.Conclusion18F-JK-PSMA7 PET/CT with administered dose and acquisition time adapted to the digital technology provides valuable information in PCa patients with biochemical recurrence.

Remote monitoring system design of power substation based on GPRS

This paper studies the design scheme of a substation remote monitoring system based on GPRS, and gives the solution about poor real-time and imperfect function of centralized substation monitoring system. The working principle diagram of the measurement and control device is introduced in detail, and the modules of analog acquisition and switching input are designed. The substation remote monitoring software based on GPRS communication is developed to realize the remote real-time monitoring of electrical and switching parameters and other functions, such as data query, fault early warning and energy efficiency analysis. The experimental results show that the system has the characteristics of real-time, multi-function and high reliability. It is of great significance to implement defensive maintenance, improve power supply quality, save energy and reduce consumption.

Research on servo motor motion control system based on Beckhoff PLC

In order to meet the requirements of high precision, reliability and real-time control of biaxial motion.Taking Beckhoff PLC CX9020 and Yaskawa Σ - 7S series AC servo controller as the control core, using Yaskawa SGM7J series motor and servo driver matching, the X-Y double axis servo motion control system is designed, and the overall hardware design of the control system is carried out. This paper focuses on the parameter setting, analog and digital acquisition, programming and HMI interface setting of servo motor control system. The debugging operation shows that the system runs stably and meets the control requirements of accurate positioning.

Design of multi-channel analog acquisition system based on DSP + FPGA architecture

This paper proposes a design and implementation of a general multi-channel analog acquisition system based on DSP + FPGA architecture. In terms of hardware architecture, FPGA is used to achieve high-speed and high reliability switching between different analog channels; FPGA + DSP data processing architecture is used to separate data acquisition and algorithm processing.

Conversion Principle and Control Method of Synchro Signal

The synchro is a kind of micromotor used for angle measurement. It can output analog signals containing angle information, which is widely used in the fire control system. In order to facilitate the processing, it is necessary to digitize these analog signals. In this paper,8255A is used as the main control chip, and high-speed, high-precision digital to analog and analog to digital converters are used for real-time analog acquisition or mathematical conversion of selsyn signals to realize real-time data communication between fire control equipment and external equipment, and selsyn signals are used for real-time data communication, The technology has the characteristics of flexible control, simple circuit, strong real-time, high reliability, and it has been widely used in the fire control system of naval gun, and achieved good results

Hybrid Seismic-Electrical Data Acquisition Station Based on Cloud Technology and Green IoT

Traditional geophysical prospecting instruments cannot fulfill the requirements of deep energy prospecting. The instruments that measure single physical quantities, such as seismic and electrical instruments, have certain limitations. Moreover, the time period required for traditional instruments to collect, acquire, and process data is too long. To address these issues, a hybrid seismic-electrical data acquisition system based on cloud technology and green IoT was proposed and developed. A seismic analog acquisition circuit and an electrical analog acquisition circuit were designed, and the control module was designed and debugged. The system is equipped with a wireless module connected to a wireless-to-4G/5G module, which uploads the data collected by the hybrid seismic-electrical data acquisition station to the cloud platform. The background master control center completes the rapid processing of geophysical data using the robust storage and computing capabilities of the cloud. Meanwhile, it sends control commands to the cloud to control the acquisition system. This system has completed simultaneous prospecting of multiple physical quantities and achieved rapid monitoring through cloud technology. Finally, the system was used to perform fracture monitoring and a comparison of two mines in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. The monitoring results were satisfactory. Thus, the presented system can play a role in seismic-electrical prospecting, and can be applied to actual engineering endeavors quickly and reliably.

Advanced scintillators for fast-timing applications

Gamma spectroscopy has been recast by a new generation of inorganic scintillators, mostly halide compounds, with large effective atomic number, excellent timing properties and a good energy resolution. The most prominent example is LaBr3(Ce), commercially available for more than a decade. The impact of LaBr3(Ce) in fast-timing experiments dedicated to measure nuclear state lifetimes has been tremendous. In fact, it has been the key player in the development of fast-timing with mixed arrays of HPGe detectors and fast scintillators. In this contribution we discuss the main parameters affecting the precision of timing measurements. We describe the evaluation of a newly-available LaBr3(Ce+Sr) crystal for fast-timing applications, and compare the time and energy resolutions to a well-established LaBr3(Ce) of the same size and shape. The measurements are performed using a fully-digital signal processing data acquisition system, which has been proven to yield even better results than standard analog acquisition systems.

Design and Realization of Online Remote Measurement and Control System for VOCs Terminal Treatment

Using PIC16F1939 microcontroller, Siemens S7-200PLC and ESP8266 module, a cost-effective and online measurement and control system of VOCs terminal treatment is constructed. This paper introduces the system construction and control scheme, and designs the communication protocol between MCU and PLC, MCU and ESP8266 module, and describes the specific implementation process of the system software. The system integrates the analog acquisition function of the microcontroller, the stable control function of the PLC, and the convenient network access function of the ESP8266 module, which realizes detection of System operation status, and solves the problem of high cost of the PLC analog acquisition capability, and complicated network access of the PLC.

Effect of signal acquisition mode on isotope ratio precision and accuracy in ICP-quadrupole-MS analysis

Isotope ratios (IRs) precision obtained on ICP-quadrupole MS (ICP-QMS) with ion counting detector (IC) is worse than that of TIMS or MC-ICP-MS with multiple faraday-cup detectors. To collect low and high ion signal (100–109), the IC detector operated in pulse (P), analog (A) or dual (D) acquisition mode has become widespread used in most commercial ICP-QMS instruments since 1990s. However, the analysis performance of IRs measurement by different signal acquisition modes (P, A, or D) were scarcely studied. The precision and accuracy of IRs (i.e., 11/10B, 114/110Cd, and 208/206Pb) obtained in three modes was systematically evaluated in this paper. The internal precision (RSD) of IRs obtained in P mode gradually improved with the increasing of ion counting intensities, which was consistent with the principal of the counting statistical error (SE). However, it suddenly deteriorated on D (0.16–0.24% for 11/10B, 0.17–0.22% for 114/110Cd, and 0.16–0.22% for 208/206Pb) or A mode (0.13 to 0.10% for 11/10B, from 0.16 to 0.12% for 114/110Cd and from 0.16 to 0.14% for 208/206Pb) with a further increase in ion counting. Meanwhile, both accuracy (relative error, RE, %) and external precision (RESD, %) of IRs were better in P mode rather than that of D and A mode. The instability of the A-P correlation (the correlation between pulse and analog signal outputs) was observed by monitoring the variation of signal tuning factor (Tf, which applied to convert the analog to pulse signal outputs). When the Tf was employed as a constant by the instrumental operating software rather than a dynamic correction value, a random error was occurred. This constant Tf value was the main source of the poor precision and accuracy for IRs measurement with A or D mode. Therefore, operating in P acquisition mode with a signal intensity range (0.7–0.9 M CPS for 11B, 1.0–1.2 M CPS for 114Cd and 208Pb) was recommended to obtain the best IRs performance in ICP-QMS analysis. The proposed strategy was used to analyze 208/206Pb in geological standard reference materials (AGV-2, BCR-1, and BCR-2) and obtain prefect accuracy (<0.13%, RE) and precision (0.04–0.07%, RESD).

Real-Time Estimation of Battery State of Charge With Metabolic Grey Model and LabVIEW Platform

Accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation is crucial to guarantee the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries. This paper aimed to develop an advanced battery estimation method for electric vehicles based on the grey model without the need of a high-fidelity battery model demanding high computation power. The metabolic grey model (MGM) introduced metabolism mechanism to adjust the model parameters according to the evolving operating status and conditions and estimate the state of charge. To further validate the feasibility of the proposed method, the analog acquisition, communication system, and SoC estimation algorithms were programmed to embed within a LabVIEW platform. The performance of the proposed SoC estimation with MGM algorithm was finally investigated with a battery-in-loop platform under different dynamic loading profiles. The experimental results indicated that the MGM can estimate SoC that involved small samples and poor information in real time, with the maximum errors of no over 4% under various loading conditions.

Design and Experiment on Zinc-air Battery Continuous Power Controller Based on Microcontroller

The Zinc-air batteries continuous power generation which is designed by our task group realizes the discharge of zinc electrode in motion and solves the problem of self-discharge of Zinc-air battery. Zinc-air battery continuous power generation control system is designed in this paper to realize the automatic operation of the Zinc-air batteries continuous power generation and improve the generation efficiency of Zinc-air batteries continuous power generation. The design of the device is based on the combination of mechanical power system and electrical control technology.this paper use PIC16F877A microcontroller as the control core and the main electrical equipment of Zinc-air battery for continuous power generation devices (analog acquisition equipment and stepper motor) with electrical control technology is analysed. The design ideas in software is modular design. Software control flow chart for stepper motors and analog acquisition is drawn. This paper is tested on controller, Result of test shows that the controller is able to meet the control requirements of continuous power plant and verify the feasibility of the controller.

Comportamento biomecânico de diferentes placas de avanço da tuberosidade da tíbia em cães: estudo comparativo ex vivo

RESUMO Este é o primeiro estudo que compara o comportamento biomecânico de duas diferentes placas de avanço da tuberosidade tibial (ATT). Com o objetivo de minimizar a incidência de falhas de implante, foram realizados ensaios biomecânicos em 10 pares de membros pélvicos de cadáveres de cães. No membro pélvico direito, foi colocada placa de ATT fixa por garfo, e no membro pélvico esquerdo placa fixa por parafusos. Os ensaios foram realizados utilizando-se máquina universal de ensaios mecânicos Kratos(r), modelo KE3000, dotada de célula de carga de 3000N, com velocidade de ensaio de 20mm/min. O parâmetro força e os gráficos gerados foram gravados por meio de sistema de aquisição analógica TRACOMP-W95 (TRCV61285). A média da carga máxima até a falha foi de 128,70kg/F (mínimo 104,55kg/F e máximo 151,80kg/F) e de 141,99kg/F (mínimo 111,60kg/F e máximo 169,65kg/F) no grupo utilizando garfo e parafusos, respectivamente. O desvio-padrão dos grupos garfo e parafuso foi baixo, 12,99 e 17,21, respectivamente. Foi encontrada diferença significativa (P=0,03) entre as médias dos grupos. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que existe diferença estatística significativa na resistência promovida entre as placas testadas, quando se observou que a placa fixa por parafusos promove maior resistência.

A 0.5-V 1.3-&lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$\mu\text{W}$&lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt; Analog Front-End CMOS Circuit

This brief presents a low-power analog acquisition front-end circuit for a Wireless Body Area Network. This front-end system mainly consists of three parts, namely, chopped capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA), switched capacitor filter (SC-filter), and successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter. In order to reduce the power consumption, the supply voltage is scaled to 0.5 V, and all analog building blocks are biased in the subthreshold region. The chopper-stabilized technique is introduced to eliminate the $1/f$ noise, and a dc-servo loop is employed in the CCIA to suppress the electrode offset. A low-power second-order SC-filter is employed to eliminate the spikes produced by the CCIA, which also realizes a tunable gain to satisfy the specification. This low-power analog front-end circuit has been fabricated in a 0.18- $\mu\text{m}$ CMOS process. It occupies 1 mm2 and consumes a minimal 1.3 $\mu\text{W}$ at 0.5 V. It achieves a bandwidth of 0.5–250 Hz, a CMRR of 95 dB, and an input impedance of 48 $M\Omega$ , respectively.

Digital pulse processing for NaI(Tl) detectors

We apply two different post-processing techniques to digital pulses induced by photons in a NaI(Tl) detector and compare the obtained energy resolution to the standard analog approach. Our digital acquisition approach is performed using a single-stage acquisition with a fast digitizer. Both the post-processing techniques we propose rely on signal integration. In the first, the pulse integral is calculated by directly numerically integrating the pulse digital samples, while in the second the pulse integral is estimated by a model-based fitting of the pulse. Our study used a 7.62cm×7.62cm cylindrical NaI(Tl) detector that gave a 7.60% energy resolution (at 662keV), using the standard analog acquisition approach, based on a pulse shaping amplifier. The new direct numerical integration yielded a 6.52% energy resolution. The fitting approach yielded a 6.55% energy resolution, and, although computationally heavier than numerical integration, is preferable when only the early samples of the pulse are available. We also evaluated the timing performance of a fast–slow detection system, encompassing an EJ-309 and a NaI(Tl) scintillator. We use two techniques to determine the pulse start time: constant fraction discrimination (CFD) and adaptive noise threshold timing (ANT), for both the analog and digital acquisition approach. With the analog acquisition approach, we found a system time resolution of 5.8ns and 7.3ns, using the constant fraction discrimination and adaptive noise threshold timing, respectively. With the digital acquisition approach, a time resolution of 1.2ns was achieved using the ANT method and 3.3ns using CFD at 50% of the maximum, to select the pulse start time. The proposed direct digital readout and post-processing techniques can improve the application of NaI(Tl) detectors, traditionally considered ‘slow’, for fast counting and correlation measurements, while maintaining a good measurement of the energy resolution.

Real-time estimation of battery state-of-charge with unscented Kalman filter and RTOS μCOS-II platform

To develop an advanced battery estimation unit for electric vehicles application, the state-of-charge (SoC) estimation is proposed with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and realized with the RTOS μCOS-II platform. Kalman filters are broadly used to deploy various battery SoC estimators recently. Herein, an UKF algorithm has been employed to develop a systematic adaptive SoC estimation framework. Compared with traditional used extended Kalman filter, it uses an unscented transform to deal with the state estimation problem, thus it has the potential to achieve third order accuracy of the Taylor expansion for tracking posterior estimate of the inner inhabited state. Beneficial from it, the SoC estimation accuracy has been improved with higher tracking accuracy and faster convergence ability. To further evaluate and verify the performance of the proposed online SoC estimation approach, a battery-in-loop platform is built and the SoC estimation is calculated with a RTOS μCOS-II platform. The analog acquisition, communication system and SoC estimation algorithms were programmed, the performance of the proposed SoC estimation with UKF algorithm was finally investigated. The battery management system with UKF algorithm and RTOS μCOS-II platform has good performance and it can apply for electric vehicles.

Temperature Control System of Chamber Electromechanical Based on Incomplete Differential PID Algorithm

This article introduce electromechanical chamber temperature automatic control system based on the incomplete differential PID algorithm.The system is through the temperature, humidity and flow sensor to collect signals . We get Corresponding current from PLC corresponding analog acquisition modules. Via PLC embedded Improved PID algorithm to calculate the appropriate control signals to the electric control valve actuator, Can effectively reduce the ambient temperature downhole electromechanical chamber.

Lithium-ion Battery SoC Estimation with UKF and RTOS μCOS-II Platform

To develop a battery management system for lithium-Ion batteries used in electric vehicles, the state of charge (SoC) estimation is improved with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and realized with the RTOS μCOS-II platform. The Kalman filters approach is broadly used for the battery SOC estimation recently. Here, we select the UKF algorithm, for which utilizes the unsented transform to solve filtering problems and is able to accurately capture the posterior mean and covariance to 3rd order of Taylor series expansion, as a result, the SoC estimation accuracy is improved with a faster convergence ability. To further evaluate the real-time performance of the SoC estimation, a battery-in-loop platform is built and the SoC estimation is calculated with a RTOS μCOS-II platform. The analog acquisition, communication system and SoC estimation algorithms were programmed, the performance of the proposed SoC estimation with UKF algorithm was finally investigated. The battery management system with UKF algorithm and RTOS μCOS-II platform has good performance and can apply for electric vehicles.