Anal Plate Research Articles

Evolution of the Basal Plates in Monocyclic Crinoidea Camerata. I

Previous articleNext article FreeEvolution of the Basal Plates in Monocyclic Crinoidea Camerata. IHerrick E. WilsonHerrick E. Wilson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 24, Number 5Jul. - Aug., 1916 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/622365 Views: 159Total views on this site Citations: 5Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:William I. Ausich, David F. Wright, Selina R. Cole, George D. Sevastopulo, Andrew Smith Homology of posterior interray plates in crinoids: a review and new perspectives from phylogenetics, the fossil record and development, Palaeontology 63, no.44 (Feb 2020): 525–545.https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12475M.E. Peter Aberrations in the infrabasal circlet of the cladid crinoid genus Cupulocrinus (Echinodermata) and implications for the origin of flexible crinoids, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 522 (May 2019): 52–61.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.002William I. Ausich, Yingyan Mao, Yue Li , Journal of Paleontology 93, no.55 ( 2019): 966.https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.25G. M. Philip , Geological Magazine 98, no.22 ( 1961): 143.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800060350G. Ubaghs Morphologie et position systématique deMethabocrinus erraticus Jaekel (Crinoidea Camerata), Paläontologische Zeitschrift 32, no.1-21-2 (Apr 1958): 52–62.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987034

Description of a Permian Crinoid Fauna from Texas

The crinoid fauna here described was collected by Professor J. A. Udden in Presidio County, Texas. The specimens are all from the lower brecciated bed of the Cibolo limestone' in the east bluff of Sierra Alta creek three miles north of Shafter and one-half mile below Cibolo ranch. The fauna is of interest because it is the first prolific crinoid fauna described from the Permian of this country. The members of the fauna constitute an interesting assemblage of species, most of which belong to the family Encrinidae which is restricted in range to the late Paleozoic and the Triassic. The members of this family are characterized by the development of strong articulating ridges upon the distal faces of the radial plates and by the reduction and sometimes by the elimination of the anal plates in the dorsal cup. The only species here described which does not belong to this family is Hydreionocrinus uddeni, one of the Poteriocrinidae also having strong articular ridges on the radials, but having a full quota of anal plates and a large ventral sack. Besides the species here described there are numerous detached plates in the collection which indicate the presence of nearly as many more species, and many crinoid columns of various sizes and forms, the largest of which attain a diameter of 40mm or more. In comparing the fauna with similar faunas in other parts of the world, mention must be made of the echinoderm fauna of the upper marine series of the Permo-Carboniferous of New South Wales2 and that of the Productus limestone of the Salt Range in India.3 The species here described as Phialocrinus americanus must be compared directly with P. princeps Eth., from the Australian horizon, and,

TWO REMARKABLE NEW COCCIDÆ

Of the two Coccidæ now described, the first is the type of a very peculiar new genus; the other is a very beautiful and interesting lac-insect.Stictococcus, n. g. —An aberrant genus of Lecaniinæ, with the anal orifice in the middle of the back, not connected with the hind margin by a slit or groove. Anal ring with six hairs in larva; none in adult. Anal plates so modified in adult as to be unrecognizable. Legs small, but well developed. Antennæ with 5 or 6 joints. Margin with long bristles, and flattened bifid or palmate plates or spines. Dorsum with numerous large pits.

A NEW COCCID FROM CALIFORNIA AT A VERY HIGH ALTITUDE

Exæretopus caricis, n. sp.Adult ♀ salmon pink, shiny, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, elongage oval. Legs and antennæ light brown. ♀ secretes a mass of cotton all over her body, becoming so dense as to completely envelope the entire body, looking more like and elongated Eriococcus. This secretion extends caudad, forming a large egg-sac, which, including the whole insect, measures from 4 to 5 mm. Eggs salmon pink. Yound larvæ orange colour. Adult ♀ after boiling in K.O.H.derm remains light brown. Margin beset with fine, short, straight spines, incisions having two stout curved spines. There are numerous short conical spines scatterd over the derm with irregular rows of long fine hairs. Anal plates large and thick, each with four shor, stout spines. Anal ring with six very long, stout hairs, which extend to caudal end of plates. Antennæ long, slender, tapering, 8-jonted. Joint 3 always longest and joint 7 always shortet, each joint with one or more fine hairs, joint 8 with several long hairs.

COCCIDÆ OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

Eulecanium fraxini, n. sp.–Adult ♀ scale 6 mm. long, 5 broad,2 high; some individuals are practically circular in outline and variable in size. In July the scales are well covered with a grayish powdery secretion; this being removed they are reddish brown, considerably wrinkled and pitted, surface shiny, texture thick.Boiled in potash the derm becomes very clear and transparent, showing some large gland-pits 24 μ in diameter. Mouth-parts, legs and anal plates tinged with yellow.

A NEW PULVINARIA FROM NEW MEXICO

Pulvinaria Tinsleyi, n. sp.Shriveled adult female scales on the twigs, light brown, elliptical, convex. Ovisac, clear white, texture as in P. innumerabilis. After boiling in K. O. H., derm colourless, not pitted or tessellate. Legs and anal plates tinged with yellow. Spines of lateral cleft in threes, one long and curved; 76 μ long, two quite short, 28 μ long. Margin with one row of stout blunt spines 40 μ long, 6 broad. Anal plates heart shaped, each 100 μ broad and 136 μ long, Antennæ 7-jointed, width quite constant, but the length of the joints seems to be quite variable. I have examined ten, with the following results in μ: Joint (1) 24 to 40, (2) 40–60, (3) 68–80, (4) 52–64, (5) 28–36, (6) 28–40, (7) 44–52. Formula 3472651. Joint 3 is always longest, while 4 is nearly as long, but never equal; 1 is always the shortest, 5 and 6 are next and sometimes nearly equal. Joints 2 and 3 have two long hairs each; 5 and 6 have 3 each; 7 seems to have 9, the terminal one very long.

PARTIAL LIFE-HISTORY OF DICHOGAMA REDTEN-BACHERI, LED.

The Pyralid genus Dichogama has not yet been reported from United States territory on the mainland, but at least three species occur in southern Florida. The following notes were made on the larva of one of them, D. Redtenbacheri.Stage II. (?)—Head flat before clypeus high, mouth pointed; luteous, ocelli black; width .4 mm. Body a little flattened, translucent, yellowish, a geminate lateral brown stripe. Cervical shield large, colourless, brown dotted on the tubercles and on lateral edge; anal plate small, not marked. Tubercles small, brown; setæ long, stiff, pale. Skin sparsely granular; segments scarcely annulate.

NOTE ON THE LARVA OF MELANOMMA AURICINCTARIUM, GROTE.

This genus will have to be transferred to the Noctuidæ.Larva cylindrical feet normal on joints 7–10, 13, about equally developed. Tubercles minute, setæ long, fine, iv. opposite the lower edge of the spiracle, a little nearer to v. than to iii., and rather far behind the spiracle; setæ single, several on the smooth leg plates. Segments obscurely 5-annulate. All green; spiracles small, brown; no marks; cervical shield and anal plate uncornified, invisible. (Head broken off.) Feeds on “hockelberry” (Vaccinium?).

NOTES ON SOME SAWFLY LARVAE, ESPECIALLY THE XYELIDAE

Macrophya flavicoxae, Nort.Head light brown, almost orange on the vertex, a little dot at occiput, eye in a black spot; width, 1.8 mm. Body greenish white, not shining, a dusky black dorsal stripe and a very distinct velvet-black lateral one, broken into two square patches situated on the third and fifth annulets, connected by smoky shadings. The spots are broken up posteriorly and absent on joint 13. Dorsal band greenish black. Segments neatly annulate, feet on joints 6–12 and 13; anal plates immaculate. Towards the end of the stage the segments are faintly orange banded in the middle (on second and third annulets), the anal flap broadly orange.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVÆ OF CERTAIN TENTHREDINIDÆ

Eighth stage.—Head shining black, yellowish punctured around the mouth, antennæ yellowish; eye and jaws black; width, 1.8 mm. Body ochreous yellow, 6-annulate with irregular quadrate sub-dorsal (two per segment) and lateral (one per segment) black spots, confluent on joint 13; sub-ventral ridge faintly discolured; anal plate blackish. No white secretion. The larvæ do not feel in this stage, but seek for soft wood in which they bore their galleries for pupation.

A NEW PULVINARIA FOUND ON ORCHIDS

♀ scale rather like Lecanium hesperidum, elongate-oval, flattish, plae olive-brown, 2½ mm. long. Ovisac white, firm, elongate, parallelsided, distinctly longitudinally grooved, 8 mm. long, 2 broad. Derm colourless, not tessellate. Margin with a double row of easily-deciduous, strong, usually large, blunt spines, which are, near the lateral and posterior clefts, more or less branched at their tips. Spines of lateral clefts in threes, one very long and large, two very short and small. Anal plates brown, longer than broad, their outer sides meeting at about a right angle.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVÆ

Ichthyura vau Fitch.Egg.—The colour of the unhatched eggs is deep purplish-pink, pale around the bottom; slightly shining.First stage.—Head bilobed, bearing a few hairs, shining black; width .45 mm. Dorsum broadly bluish-white, except the black cervical shield and anal plate and joints 5 and 12, which latter ar hardly enlarged, coloured vinous-brown. Whole lateral area also brown but paler, and broken into patches. Feet black outwardly. Hair fine, very long laterally, pale, darker dorsally, arising singly from black conical tubercles with the normal arrangement.

ON SOME BUTTERFLY LARVÆ NOT HITHERTO DESCRIBED

Phyciodes carlota, Reak.Larva.—Head subcordate, apices slightly produced, mouth parts small; rough, tuberculate, hairy; colour black, a narrow white line above the mouth. Body robust, with short and thick conical, densely-bristly spines, arranged thus: on joint 2 one short stigmatal and one substigmatal, besides tubercles on the cervical shield; on joints 3–4, subdorsal, lateral and subventral; on 5–11, dorsal (single), suprastigmatal, substigmatal, 2 subventral; on 12, two dorsal (in line), subdorsal, superstigmatal, substigmatal and subventral (small); on joint 13, two subdorsal (in line). Cervical shield, anal plate, feet outwardly and spiracles black; body brownish red, with a dorsal and subdorsal black shaded line, most distinct in the segmental incisures.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME BUTTERFLY LARVÆ FROM YOSEMITE.—III

Phyciodes mylitta. Edw.Egg.—Not observed; but laid about 50 together.Frist Stage.—Head shining black; width .25mm. Body cylindrical; cervical shield and anal plate black; fine black hairs, slightly curving forward, arise from minute black elevated spots.Second Stage.—Head black and shiny; width .40mm. The body is covered with rows of conical elongated tubercles, each with many bristly hairs, arranged as in the mature larva. Sordid greenish, shaded with black dorsally, the cervical shield, anal plate and tubercles black.

On the Relations of Hybocrinus, Baerocrinus, and Hybocystites

The Crinoids from the Lower Silurian of Canada for which the genus Hybocrinus was established by Billings in 1856 are remarkable for the protuberance of the anal side of the cup, so that it has somewhat of a humpbacked appearance, as is expressed in Billings's generic name. Resting on the stem are five pentagonal basals, above and alternating with which is a row of five plates (fig. I. a, and Pl. XI. figs. 3, 4, 5). Four of these are arm-bearing radials. The fifth is a hexagonal “anal,” or (as I prefer to call it) azygos plate, on the right upper edge of which rests a small arm-bearing radial, while its left upper edge bears a smaller and true anal plate. These characters are well shown in fig. I. a, which is a copy of Billings's original diagram of the genus; and also in Pl. XI. figs. 3, 4, and 5, which represent the left, right, and anal sides of a specimen from the upper part of the Trenton beds of Mercer County, Kentucky, U. S. A.

IV. Notice of Slimonia Acuminata, from the Silurian of the Pentland Hills

On one of my visits to the Silurian district of the Pentland Hills, in the beginning of last summer, I was fortunate enough to discover several fragments of a large crustacean, which I submitted to the inspection of Mr Page, who pronounced them to be undoubted fragments of Slimonia acuminata; they consist of a telson or tail-plate, 4½ inches in length by nearly two inches in breadth, showing the seriatures running down both sides, from the top to very near the point; also the anal plate of probably the same individual, along with some fragments of body rings, showing the sculpturings. The genus Slimonia, as most of you will be aware, belongs to the family Eurypteridæ, and was detached from Pterygotus and erected into a new genus by our president, Mr Page. It differs from Pterygotus by having no prehensile claws; also in the shape of the carapace, and other well-known characters. The first notice we have of this large and interesting crustacean occurring in these beds is by Messrs Salter and Geikie, in the ‶Memoir of the Geological Survey Sheet, No. 32,″ where they describe a fragment found by their collector, Mr Gibbs, as the serrate base of one of the great swimming feet. This, they say, is all that occurred to their collector’s diligent search, but is invaluable as connecting the beds with those of Lesmahagow. One very remarkable circumstance connected with this specimen of theirs, is the finding of it in a bed associated with abundance of

On some New Palæozoic Crinoids from England and Scotland

The crinoids, which in this paper I bring under notice, belong to two new genera, which I have designated, the one by the name of Hydreionocrinus (ὑδρϵῖον, a watering-pot), from the resemblance to the rose of a watering-pot of the head of the species referred to, and the other by the name of Pisocrinus (πίσον, a pea). I begin with the exposition of the character of these new genera, and will afterwards describe the species which belong to them, and in doing this I shall make use of the same technical terms as I have done in my other works upon the crinoids.Genus.—Hydreionocrinus, De Koninck.Synonyms.—Poteriocrinus (in part), Phillips, 1836, “ Geol. of York,” Vol. II., p. 204.Cupressocrinus, M'Coy, 1849, Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 2 ser., Vol. II., p. 22 4; non Goldfuss.Poteriocrinus, De Kon., 1854, “Recherches sur les Crinoides,” p. 90.Generic Formula.—Basal plates 5, Sub-radial plates 5, of which three are of the same form, the fourth serving as a base to one radial, and the fifth welded to two anals; Anal plates 5; Radial plates 2 × 5, of which one reposes directly on one of the sub-radials; Brachial, or arm-plates, 5 × 10, giving rise to 20 arms, welded together, and composed of alternating articulations, to the number of 18 or 20, and surmounted by a circle composed of 15 fusiform pieces, joined to each other. Vault or dome, composed of a great number of little pentagonal or hexagonal pieces. Stem with cylindrical articulations.