Α-amylase Inhibitory Activity Research Articles

Characterization, in vitro bioaccessibility and antidiabetic activities of maltodextrin and lecithin nanomaterials loaded with ellagic acid

Pomegranate peel is one of the wastes generated in large quantities in the food industry and ellagic acid is a natural bioactive phenolic compound in pomegranate peel. In this study, high-purity and low-cost ellagic acid was produced by acid hydrolyze process from pomegranate peel and characterization, in vitro bioaccessibility, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity of the ellagic acid nanoencapsulated with maltodextrin and soy lecithin were studied. The extract yield and purity of ellagic acid was 6.47 and 88.74%, respectively. Results showed that lecithin coated samples were more stable with − 43.16 mV zeta potential and had higher encapsulation efficiency (99.29%) compared to maltodextrin. However, coated samples with maltodextrin had higher production efficiency (91.40%) and loading capacity (54.70%). The thermal resistance of ellagic acid after the nanoencapsulation process was significantly raised. The ellagic acid nanoencapsulated with maltodextrin had higher bioaccessibility (80.22%) and solubility in biological buffers (64.00-98.20%). The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitiory activities of the ellagic acid decreased after the encapsulation process. However, the α-amylase inhibitory activities of the nanoencapsulated materials were higher than acarbose as a positive control. As a result, thermal resistance, solubility in a biological medium, and bioaccessibility of ellagic acid after nanoencapsulation with maltodextrin can be increased. Thus, the use of ellagic acid nanoencapsulated with maltodextrin in the food, cosmetic, and pharmacological industries can be diversified.

Quercetin and Kaempferol as Multi-Targeting Antidiabetic Agents against Mouse Model of Chemically Induced Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder, demands the discovery of multi-targeting drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the multi-targeting antidiabetic potential of quercetin and kaempferol. The druggability and binding affinities of both compounds towards multiple antidiabetic targets were explored using pharmacokinetic and docking software (AutoDock Vina 1.1.2). Our findings showed that quercetin and kaempferol obey Lipinski's rule of five and exhibit desirable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism excretion, and toxicity) profiles. Both compounds showed higher binding affinities towards C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1) compared to metformin (the positive control). Both quercetin and kaempferol inhibited α-amylase activity (in vitro) up to 20.30 ± 0.49 and 37.43 ± 0.42%, respectively. Their oral supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.001), improved lipid profile (p < 0.001), and enhanced total antioxidant status (p < 0.01) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, both compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 (cancer cells) (p < 0.0001) with no effect on the viability of Vero cell line (non-cancer). In conclusion, quercetin and kaempferol demonstrated higher binding affinities towards multiple targets than metformin. In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic potential along with the anticancer activities of both compounds suggest promise for further development in diabetes management. The combination of both drugs did not show a synergistic effect, possibly due to their same target on the receptors.

Synthesis, Biological Activity Studies and Molecular Modeling Studies of Chalcone Compounds with Methyl Group

A series of new chalcone derivatives (1-5) were synthesized as a result of the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of different substituted methyl aldehydes of 4′-Piperazinoacetophenone. Anticholinesterase (AChE and BChE) inhibitory activity and antidiabetic (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory) activities of the synthesized compounds were examined. While compound 1 is the most active molecule in AChE (IC50= 16.29±0.44 μM), BChE (IC50 = 10.19±0.04 μM) and α-amylase (IC50= 105.51±0.24 μM) inhibitor activities; Compound 5 was found to be the most active molecule in α-glucosidase inhibitor activity. In silico and molecular docking studies of compounds 1-5 were performed. According to molecular docking results, all molecules were found to be more active than the reference compounds.

Acylated anthocyanins from Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo: Structural characteristics, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities

Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo (D. officinale) has been widely used as Chinese medicine and functional food. In present study, the structural characteristics of anthocyanins in D. officinale were investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Totally, 14 anthocyanins were detected and identified, and 13 of them were first reported in D. officinale. Results showed that the vast majority of anthocyanins had multi-glycosylated cyanidin core, with variable acylation pattern mainly comprising phenolic acids. The composition and content of anthocyanins in D. officinale stems with different cultivation modes and years have been compared. The anthocyanins showed potent antioxidant activity in terms of radicals scavenging capacity and reducing power, as well as superior α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results provided a complete profile of anthocyanins in D. officinale and laid a foundation for further utilizing them as functional foods.

Characterization, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition of polysaccharides and phosphorylated derivatives from finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle)

In this study, the structure-activity relationship of finger citron polysaccharides (FCPs) and their phosphorylated derivatives (P-FCPs) was investigated. Three FCPs (FCP20, FCP40 and FCP60) were successively fractionated by ethanol, and were phosphorylated modification to obtain P-FCPs (P-FCP20, P-FCP40 and P-FCP60). FCPs and P-FCPs are acidic heteropolysaccharides composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, arabinose and galacturonic acid, and exhibited different content of neutral sugar, uronic acid, proteins, polyphenols and sulfates. FTIR and NMR analyses determined the structures of FCPs and P-FCPs, indicating that the phosphorylation modification was successful. P-FCPs possessed the smaller molecular weight distribution and particle size, with significant changes in microstructure than FCPs. Additionally, P-FCPs showed significantly increased antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities compared to FCPs. The inhibitory mechanisms of FCP40 and P-FCP40 on α-amylase was a mixed-type manner and dynamic fluorescence quenching. The results demonstrate that phosphorylation modification can alter the structural features and bioactivities of FCPs, providing an approach for the further development of finger citron in the field of medicinal and functional foods.

Nanosupplements based on protein-polysaccharide coacervates loaded with essential oils: Evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic properties

Essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated potential in food products to prevent complications related to diabetes. Nevertheless, the physicochemical characteristics of pure EOs, including high volatility and low chemical stability, face significant challenges when considering their utilization as functional ingredients. Thus, this study aimed to develop nanosupplements based on protein-polysaccharide coacervates loaded with EOs, thyme (THY) and oregano (ORE), and to evaluate their colloidal, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory properties following an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process. First, heat-induced egg white protein nanoparticles (EWPn) were used to encapsulate both EOs as nanocomplexes. Second, the process to obtain nanosupplements involved the electrostatic deposition of high methoxyl pectin (HMP) onto the surface of pre-formed nanocomplexes, resulting in the production of EWPn-THY-HMP and EWPn-ORE-HMP powders through a freeze-drying process. The effects of in vitro digestion on particle size, zeta potential, stability, and bioaccessibility of systems were analyzed. HMP exhibited a slight ability to protect EWPn from gastric digestion, while encapsulation within the EWPn-HMP system prevented the chemical degradation of EOs during gastrointestinal digestion. Subsequently, the antioxidant properties and the inhibitory effects of digested systems on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities were examined. After in vitro digestion, EWPn-THY-HMP and EWPn-ORE-HMP systems showed higher ABTS+ radical scavenging than pure EOs (around 70% vs. 30%, respectively). Additionally, reducing power activities (expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalents-AAE mL−1) of EWPn-THY-HMP and EWPn-ORE-HMP systems were higher (1.6 ± 0.0 mg and 1.8 ± 0.1 mg of AAE mL−1, respectively) compared to pure THY and ORE (approximately 1.5 mg of AAE mL−1 for both) after in vitro digestion. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of EOs decreased upon encapsulation within EWPn-HMP system from an IC50 value of 0.3–1.0 μg mL−1, approximately. However, the effect of encapsulation on α-amylase inhibitory activity was EOs-dependent, and it was higher for the EWPn-ORE-HMP system, with an IC50 value of 8.6 ± 0.2 μg mL−1. The results highlight the potential of EOs encapsulation within EWPn-HMP coacervate nanosupplements as a promising strategy to facilitate their incorporation into food matrices while preserving their antioxidant and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory properties.

Morphology of Vernonia amygdalina L. and Study of Its Antioxidant Property, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Hepatoprotective Potency and Toxicity

Morphology of Vernonia amygdalina L. and Study of Its Antioxidant Property, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Hepatoprotective Potency and Toxicity

Antidiabetic Potential and Metabolite Profile of Leaf and Stem Extract of Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC.

&lt;p&gt;Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by high blood sugar levels. One species in &lt;em&gt;the Castanopsis&lt;/em&gt; genus is proven with a hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, the study aimed to discover the potential of &lt;em&gt;Castanopsis tungurrut&lt;/em&gt; as an antidiabetic. Sample extraction, α-amylase inhibition, glucose diffusion analysis, GC-MS analysis, and molecular docking were applied in this study. Maceration of the leaf ethanol extract showed the highest yield value of 21.08%, while the stem extract was 14.04%. Leaf ethanol extract and stem ethyl acetate extract showed the highest inhibiting α-amylase activity with an inhibition value of 33.74%±1.54 and 34.45%±1.08 at 1 mg/mL concentration. The glucose entrapment assay showed that these two extracts could inhibit the diffusion of glucose in the dialysis bag. The final result was glucose concentration in dialysate for the two extracts of 0.114±0.001 mg/mL and 0.116±0.001 mg/mL which was lower than acarbose in 0.120±0.004 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis showed 6 metabolites in leaf ethanol extract and 22 metabolites in stems ethyl acetate extract from an alkane, salicylic, cinnamic, terpene, steroid, and fatty acid. Molecular docking resulting between the compounds with α-amylase enzymes complex showed γ-sitosterol and ß-bisabolene from &lt;em&gt;C. tungurrut&lt;/em&gt; extract have the potential to be developed as an antidiabetic drug due to its good inhibitory activity with binding affinity values of -9.1 and -6.9 that considered better and quite close to acarbose as control of -7.7.&lt;/p&gt;

Chemical composition and antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytoprotective activity of two Antarctic lichens of the genus Psoroma (Pannariaceae)

Lichens contain different types of chemical compounds with multiple biological activities that demonstrate their potential pharmacological use. This research aims to report the metabolomic identification of the ethanolic extracts of P. antarcticum and P. hypnorum, their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and their cytoprotection activity. Sixteen metabolites were identified in P. antarcticum and twelve in P. hypnorum; the extracts reported variable antioxidant activity with IC50 >350 µg/mL in DPPH·, values >18 µmol Trolox/g in ORAC and >40 µmol Trolox/g in FRAP and a phenolic compound content >10 mg GAE/g, as well as significant results in cholinesterases, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities with IC50 ranging from 18 to 510 µg/mL, and which were complemented by molecular docking experiments. Both extracts showed improved cytoprotection at the concentrations of 0.5 to 1.0 μg/mL. This study contributes to the knowledge of the chemical diversity of Antarctic lichen extracts and their effectiveness in the evaluation of biological activities related to neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic syndrome.

Antioxidant and Alpha Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Apigenin in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Purpose: to study the antioxidant, inhibitory activity of alpha amylase, antidiabetic, effects of flavonoid Apigeninin in diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of Apigeninon on blood glucose and antioxidant activities were estimated in alloxan induced diabetic and treated rats. The α-amylase inhibitory activity in the serum was assessed after oral administration of 7thday, 14th day, and 21st days treatment of Apigenin. Results: The Apigenin was reduced the serum glucose, α-amylase levels and increased antioxidant levels significantly (P&lt;0.05) in Apigenin alone and combination with Metformin treated groups. Conclusion: The present investigation concludes that flavonoid Apigenin, single drug and combination with Metformin was increased antioxidant and inhibited the alpha-amylase activity and hypoglycemic effect in alloxan induced diabetes rats.

Discovering the anti-diabetic potential of thiosemicarbazone derivatives: In vitro α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibitory activities with molecular docking and DFT investigations

This work describes the synthesis of para-substituted thiosemicarbazone derivatives by refluxing 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde (1) and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (2) with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol with acetic acid catalyst. The resultant thiosemicarbazones were then treated with various phenacyl bromides to get the product compounds. 1H NMR and EI-MS spectroscopic methods were employed to confirm the structures of these derivatives and screened the compounds for their in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Six compounds (4e, 3e, 3c, 3b, 4b, and 4c) exhibited highest α-glucosidase activity in the range of IC50 values of 2.81 ± 1.92 to 16.16 ± 0.15 µM. Similar to this, five compounds (3e, 4e, 3b, 3c, and 4c) attributed excellent inhibitory activity in the range of IC50 values from 3.12 ± 0.13 to 16.56 ± 0.17 µM against the α-amylase enzyme when compare with the standard acarbose. The density functional theory (DFT) study demonstrated the stability, bioactivity, and charge transfer of the compounds, while the molecular docking analysis has provided significant understanding of how the compounds interact with the enzymes. These findings provide prospective directions for the development of innovative therapeutic candidates to regulate postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients.

Metabolite Profiling and Biological Activity Assessment of Paeonia ostii Anthers and Pollen Using UPLC-QTOF-MS.

Paeonia ostii is an important economic oil and medicinal crop. Its anthers are often used to make tea in China with beneficial effects on human health. However, the metabolite profiles, as well as potential biological activities of P. ostii anthers and the pollen within anthers have not been systematically analyzed, which hinders the improvement of P. ostii utilization. With comprehensive untargeted metabolomic analysis using UPLC-QTOF-MS, we identified a total of 105 metabolites in anthers and pollen, mainly including phenylpropanoids, polyketides, organic acids, benzenoids, lipids, and organic oxygen compounds. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed the metabolite differences between anthers and pollen, with higher carbohydrates and flavonoids content in pollen and higher phenolic content in anthers. Meanwhile, both anthers and pollen extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. In general, the anther stage of S4 showed the highest biological activity among all samples. This study illuminated the metabolites and biological activities of anthers and pollen of P. ostii, which supports the further utilization of them.

Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and glucose adsorption capacity of the aqueous decoctate of Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene

Diabetes management involves preventing its risk factors. Inhibition of glucosidases and adsorption of excess free glucose are approaches to the prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, glucose adsorption capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in vitro of the aqueous extract of Chamaecrista nigricans. Determination of phenolic compounds content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride method was used for total flavonoids one. The glucose oxidase peroxidase kit was used to determine the adsorption capacity of glucose while the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method was used to assess the inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Levels ranging from 33.87 ± 2.48 mg GAE/100 mg dry extract (DE) for total phenolic compounds and 1.98 ± 0.51 mg QE/100 mg DE for total flavonoids were observed. The adsorption capacity was correlated with the glucose concentration of the solution (r = 0.95) and was up to 36.61 μmol/g DE for a glucose concentration of 30 mM. The extract from the November collection was most active against α-amylase with IC50 = 0.17 mg DE/mL. Observations confirm the traditional use of this species as a preventive measure in recipes for the treatment of diabetes. This data provides a basis for future pharmaceutical prospecting.

Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological activities of tossa jute sprout (Corchorus olitorius L.): A potential functional food

This study investigated the food properties, phytochemical profiles, and pharmacological activities of tossa jute sprout, underscoring the exploration of its potential as a functional food. Tossa jute sprout is rich in protein, carbohydrate, fiber, total soluble solids, color content, total energy, vitamins, and minerals, with a lower fat and sugar content. Bioactive compound profiling found that it contains a significant quantity of total phenolics and flavonoids. The HPLC-DAD polyphenol profile detected ten compounds, with 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid being the most abundant compound, followed by (−) epicatechin, rosmarinic acid, kaempferol, catechin hydrate, caffeic acid, myricetin, catechol, trans-ferulic acid, and rutin hydrate. It has strong radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating power, and total antioxidant power, suggesting this sprout's ability to repair cellular oxidative damage or restore impaired cellular oxidative homeostasis. It also possesses strong α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities, but mild α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition activities support the sprout's ability to lower blood sugar, suppress postprandial hyperglycemia, downregulate fat metabolism, and maintain or restore acetylcholine. Overall findings established tossa jute sprout's high potential as a functional food in eliminating malnutrition, maintaining quality health, and eradicating or moderating ailments, including diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer's.

Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Cholinesterase, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Plant Derived Extracts and Column Semi-Purified Fractions of Ficus benghalensis.

The present study aimed to investigate the in-vitro anti-diabetic, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory potential of extracts from different parts of Ficus benghalensis, including leaves, stem, and roots, as well as isolated column fractions (F-B-1 C, F-B-2 C, F-B-3 C, and F-B-4 C). The extracts and subsequent fractions were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against key enzymes involved in diabetes [α-glucosidase and α-amylase], neurodegenerative diseases [acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase], and inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)). The results showed that F. benghalensis leaf extract exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (73.84%) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (76.29%) at 1000 µg/mL. The stem extract (65.50%) and F-B-2 C fraction (69.67%) also demonstrated significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In terms of anti-cholinesterase activity, the extracts of roots, leaves, and stem showed promising inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 50.50 to 474.83 µg/mL. The derived fractions (F-B-1 C, F-B-2 C, F-B-3 C, and F-B-4 C) also exhibited notable inhibition of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values from 91.85 to 337.94 µg/mL. Moreover, the F-B-3 C fraction demonstrated the highest COX-2 inhibitory potential (85.72%), followed by F-B-1 C (83.13%), the stem extract (80.85%), and the leaves extract (79.00%). The F-B-1 C fraction showed the highest 5-LOX inhibitory activity (87.63%), while the root extract exhibited the lowest inhibition (73.39%). The results demonstrated promising bioactivity, suggesting the potential of F. benghalensis as a source of natural compounds with therapeutic applications. Further studies are required to identify and isolate the active components responsible for these effects and to evaluate their in-vivo efficacy and safety.

Investigation of novel benzimidazole-based indole/thiazole hybrids derivatives as effective anti-diabetics and anti-alzheimer's agents: Structure-activity relationship insight, in vitro and in silico approaches

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common in developed countries and their incidence is increasing. The research is mostly concentrated on the exploration of novel therapies to remedy or avert these ailments. AD and T2DM have several molecular pathways in common that contributes to their degenerative development. A novel series of ten hybrid analogues (1–10) based on benzimidazole bearing indole analogues were synthesized and these scaffolds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques like HR-EIMS, 13CNMR and 1HNMR. Furthermore, the synthesized moieties were screened for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. All these synthesized analogues showed good to moderate α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition potency ranging (4.90 ± 0.10 to 15.30 ± 0.60 µM) and (5.30 ± 0.10 to 16.10 ± 0.60 µM) while acarbose was used as a reference standard (IC50 = 10 0.30 ± 0.20 µM), (IC50 = 9.80 ± 0.20 µM). Another series of ten hybrid analogues (11–20) based on benzimidazole bearing thiazole moieties were synthesized and were evaluated for AChE and BuChE inhibition activities. All these newly afforded analogues showed good to moderate AChE and BuChE inhibitory potential ranging of (IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.01 µM), (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.01 µM) to (IC50 = 3.90 ± 0.20 µM), (IC50 = 3.80 ± 0.10 µM) while Donepezil was taken as a reference standard with (IC50 = 0.016 ± 0.01 µM), (IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.010 µM).The scaffolds were also characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as HR-EIMS, 13CNMR and 1HNMR for a better understanding of their structure. SAR was done for all synthesized analogues for substituents.In addition, docking research was conducted to determine the binding mode of interaction between the active site of analogues and targeted enzymes. This work aims to estimate the potential of the synthesized scaffolds as competitors to existing drugs. Incorporating molecular docking analysis with in vitro activities improves the accuracy of predictions and validates the possibility of these compounds as options for treating type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.

Synthesis, anti-diabetic profiling and molecular docking studies of 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-ones.

Aim: To synthesize novel more potent anti-diabetic agents. Methodology: A simple cost effective Hantzsch's synthetic strategy was used to synthesize 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-ones. Results: Fifteen new 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-ones were established to check their anti-diabetic potential. From alpha(α)-amylase inhibition, anti-glycation and anti-oxidant activities it is revealed that most of the compounds possess good anti-diabetic potential. All tested compounds were found to be more potent anti-diabetic agents via anti-glycation mode. The results of α-amylase and anti-oxidantinhibitionrevealed that compounds are less active against α-amylase and anti-oxidant assays. Conclusion: This study concludes that introduction of various electron withdrawing groups at the aryl ring and substitution of different functionalities around thiazolone nucleus could help to find out better anti-diabetic drug.

Antidiabetic, antioxidant, and phytochemical profile of Pennisetum glaucum cultivated in central-southern Morocco and imported from India

Alternative methods of producing food sustainably are being considered due to rapid expanding population, increasing food needs, declining agricultural soils fertility, and ongoing drought. To achieve that, we examined the pharmacological, functional, and nutritional characteristics of two cultivars of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), which are distinguished by their ability to tolerate a variety of climates compared to other cereal grains. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of two seeds cultivars: one cultivated in Morocco and the other grown in India. In addition to having a higher energy value (403.91 Kcal), higher protein (9.13 %) and lipid content (7.11 %), and a lower capacity for self-oxidation than the Indian variety due to its fatty acid composition, the content of phenolic compounds of Moroccan millet is well concentrated in its seeds, making it more powerful as an antioxidant and hypoglycemic plant. The ethanolic extract of Moroccan pearl millet showed the greatest total phenolic content (36.278 mg GAE/g extract), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 152.286 and 252.480 μg/mL respectively), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 84.439 μg/mL and 224.103 μg/mL respectively). The evidence gathered in this study indicates that P.glaucum possesses characteristics that qualify it as a food, medicinal, and productive plant.

Compositional, structural, and functional characterization of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum polycystum collected from Saint Martin's Island, Bangladesh

Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide with diversified biological activities commonly found in brown seaweeds. In our present study, fucoidan was extracted from Sargassum polycystum collected from Saint Martin's Island in three different extraction methods. The composition of the fucoidans was determined by measuring the total carbohydrate, sulfate, uronic acid, fucose, and protein contents. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) were studied to determine the structural groups of extracted fucoidans. Functional activities were analyzed by antioxidant activity and anti-diabetic activity assay. Fucoidan yield was obtained highest in the acid extraction method (0.061 ± 0.007 g/g), followed by the water extraction method (0.058 ± 0.005 g/g) and salt extraction method (0.041 ± 0.005 g/g). Water extracted fucoidan showed the highest carbohydrate content (62.97 %), uronic acid content (6.46 %), and protein content (2.62 %). Sulphate content (28.56 %) was highest in salt extracted fucoidan, whereas fucose content (24.0 %) was highest in water extracted fucoidan. FT-IR and 1H NMR analysis confirm several characteristic picks for the extracted fucoidans. Extracted fucoidans presented comparable antioxidant activity, but salt-extracted fucoidan presented the highest DPPH radical scavenging assay (86.85 ± 0.74 %, IC50 = 0.03 mg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging assay (65.13 ± 0.92 %, IC50 = 1.94 mg/mL), Phosphomolybdenum assay (4.356 ± 0.11) and Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay (57.08 ± 0.52 %, IC50 = 3.73 mg/mL) in dose-dependency manner. Further anti-diabetic activity assay resulted in the highest α-amylase inhibition activity (62.82 ± 1.36 %, IC50 = 2.30 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition activity (55.73 ± 0.84 %, IC50 = 3.71 mg/mL) by salt-extracted fucoidan. These functional potentials of seaweed may add significant value to the development of functional food and pharmaceutical materials.

Free radical scavenging, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities of metabolites from strawberry kombucha: Molecular docking and in vitro studies

Obesity, a global issue, is linked to cardiometabolic syndrome. Dietary modification is one of the recommended modes for managing cardiometabolic syndrome. Strawberries, a functional food, and kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, have gained attention for their health benefits. This study investigated the bioactive components of strawberry kombucha drink (SKD) and their effects on antioxidant activities and improving metabolic disorder markers. An in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of SKD on enzymatic parameters: lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase activities. In addition, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and quantification of the radical scavenging activity were also measured. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic profiling of SKD and molecular docking simulation were conducted. The findings suggest that SKD, rich in secondary metabolites, can inhibit lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase activities. It demonstrated in vitro anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties, potentially reducing metabolic and inflammatory issues. Thus, SKD could be a therapeutic beverage to alter metabolic issues associated with obesity. Nevertheless, further preclinical study is warranted to determine SKD’s potential in vivo.