Amur Region Research Articles

Steppe polecat Mustela (Putorius) eversmanii Lesson, 1827 in the Amur Region

Steppe polecat, Mustela eversmanii Lesson, 1827 is rare throughout most of its European and Russian range. In the Russian Far East, the distribution of this polecat is limited to the southwest of the Zeya-Bureya Plain. This species is listed in the Red Data Book of the Amur Region as an endangered species. Until the 1970th the steppe polecat was a commercial species and had a high population, which then dropped drastically during the intensive development of virgin and fallow lands. Conservation of the Amur population of the steppe polecat requires a complete ban on hunting for small mustelids in the south of the Amur Region as well as restoration of its natural habitats.

Findings of ticksHaemaphysalis japonica douglasi Nuttall et Warburton, 1915 (Acari, Ixodidae) in Irkutsk surroundings

The genus Haemaphysalis includes 168 tick species recorded in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Within the Russian Federation 15 species of Haemaphysalis genus are endemic to different forested habitats in the south of European part and south of the Far East. H. japonica tick is common in Japan and on the continental part of South-Eastern Asia, including the Russian Maritime Territory. The continent al population is referred to the subspecies H. japonica douglasi. In Russia it is common in Amur Region and Primorye. This communication is devoted to five findings of the tick in Irkutsk region (East Siberia). The findings were recurrent during the same season and the same route, suggesting the idea of micropopulations of H. japonica douglasi existing in our region.

Экологическая эффективность мер по сохранению водных биоресурсов и среды их обитания: аспекты правового и экономического анализа

Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and economic assessments, the ongoing measures to prevent and minimize damage to aquatic biological resources, as well as their natural habitat, are analyzed. On the example of the Amur Region, it is shown that the selected measures related to the artificial reproduction of carp are not effective and require significant adjustments.

Monitoring the Genetic Structure of the Sable Population (<i>Martes zibellina</i> Linnaeus, 1758) Middle Amur Region

Based on the analysis of microsatellite loci Ma3 and Mer041, the genetic structure of the sable population of the Middle Amur Region was monitored. Materials of hunting fees of winter seasons from 2011 to 2021 were studied. Three geographic subpopulations of sable from the Bureya Highlands and one from the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin Ridge are considered. It was shown that the group of specific alleles characterizing the differences between the sable populations of the Bureya Highlands and the Sikhote-Alin is represented by four alleles. The monitoring of two microsatellite loci in the subpopulations of the Bureinsky Highlands showed a higher allelic diversity in the northern autochthonous compared to the more southern ones that arose on the basis of the settlement of the northern in the first half of the 20th century. The relative homogeneity of the population structure of the sable of the Bureinsky Highlands is shown, which does not lead to a statistically significant level of differentiation of subpopulations either in space or in time. A different character of the dynamics of allelic diversity was found in the subpopulations of the left bank (Bureya Highland) and right bank (Sikhote-Alin Ridge) of the Amur River. It has been hypothesized that temporal heterogeneity in the Sikhote-Alin subpopulation may indicate the existence on the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin of a spatially heterogeneous population structure formed from descendants and possible hybrids of autochthonous and introduced forms. The influence of the anthropogenic factor on the dynamics of the genetic structure is considered.

Monitoring of the Genetic Structure of the Sable Population (Martes zibellina Linnaeus, 1758) in the Middle Amur Region

Monitoring of the Genetic Structure of the Sable Population (Martes zibellina Linnaeus, 1758) in the Middle Amur Region

Modernization of the Coal Industry of the Far East during the First Five-Year Plan (1928–1932)

Introduction. The coal industry of the Far East, which was the main fuel base of the region, was in a state of severe crisis by 1928. The enterprises of the industry did not have the necessary working capital, were equipped with obsolete equipment, experienced an acute shortage of qualified personnel. The solution of these problems became possible with the beginning of industrialization in the USSR and the provision of assistance to the region by the center. Materials and Methods. The source basis of the research is unpublished documents identified in the funds of federal and regional archives. In the course of the work, the author used a set of general scientific and special historical methods. Results and Discussion. During the implementation of the first five-year plan, the financing of coal mining in the Far East has sharply increased. At the mines of the region, the active introduction of the latest technology began, which made it possible to begin mechanization of production processes, increase the level of electrification and mechanization. The foundations of the personnel training system were also laid, significant labor resources from the central regions were attracted. However, despite the successes achieved: an increase in labor productivity, an increase in total production, the final results turned out to be more modest than expected. Basically, the changes covered the enterprises of Primorye, on Sakhalin and in the Amur region, reconstruction was carried out much slower. Conclusion. The reasons that caused the divergence of plans and the results obtained in practice were the periphery of the region, which led to its supply on a residual basis and ignoring its interests in favor of more industrialized areas. As well as underestimating the production capabilities of the enterprises themselves, the geological conditions of their operation. In 1928–1932, it was not possible to create a stable supply system for equipment and machinery, low qualifications and high turnover of labor remained.

Региональные особенности изменения норм основных климатических параметров на территории России

The regional features of changes in the normals of the main climatic parameters (air temperature, precipitation, water vapor tension, sea level pressure) on the territory of Russia are studied for three 30-year periods: 1961–1990, 1981–2010, and 1991–2020. Climate normals are calculated in accordance with the WMO requirements. In addition to the difference in the normals for stations, the values averaged over the territory of quasihomogeneous climatic regions are calculated. Seasonal changes in the regime of the main climatic parameters in certain regions of Russia over the past decades are revealed. In the last thirty years, a slowdown in warming in all seasons has been revealed on the territory of Russia. Summer precipitation normals for 1991–2020 decreased in most of the country, however, a significant increase in precipitation was found in the southern regions of Yakutia, the Amur region, and Primorye. For the regime of sea level pressure, the greatest changes are revealed in winter. The differences in climatic normals obtained in the present study can be considered as one of the indicators of climate change that are differently manifested in different regions of Russia. The information can be useful for developing preventive adaptation measures under changing climate. Keywords: climate, climate normal, air temperature, precipitation, air pressure, partial water vapor pressure, regional features

Lethal cases of lyssavirus encephalitis in humans after contact with bats in the Russian Far East in 2019–2021

On the territory of Russia four species of lyssaviruses (genus Lyssavirus) were identified, three of them caused human deaths. to characterize fatal cases in humans after contacts with bats in the Far East in 20182021 and to perform typing of isolated pathogens. Lyssavirus infection was confirmed in samples of sectional material from people who died in the Amur Region in 2019, in the Primorsky Krai in 2019 and 2021. Diagnostics was performed by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and RT-PCR using diagnostic kits of domestic production. Viruses were isolated in a bioassay. The nucleoprotein sequences were analyzed after 1st passage. The analysis of phylogenetic relationships and the construction of a dendrogram were performed using the MEGA7 software. The viruses that caused the fatal cases in humans in the Amur Region and Primorsky Krai share more than 90% identity to Lyssavirus irkut detected in Russia and China. Together they form a separate monophyletic cluster with 100% bootstrap support. On the territory of Russia, monitoring of bat populations for infection with lyssaviruses is relevant. The material of people who died from encephalomyelitis of unknown etiology within 1015 days from the onset of the disease must be examined for lyssavirus infection. It is necessary to develop PCR assays that employ genus-specific primers. The use of molecular biological methods is promising for improving the diagnosis of rabies and epidemiological surveillance, as well as increasing the efficiency of the system of biological safety of the population of the Russian Federation.

Влияние тренда «качественное образование» на стратегирование занятости населения Амурской области

Regional employment depends on the level of education in that particular region. An effective education system makes it possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. Access to quality education boosts economic growth, increases employment prospects, and reduces gender and income inequality. This research featured the strategy of employment development in the Amur Region. The author believes it should be based on the global, national, and regional trends, one of which is public access to quality education. The methodology relied on the theory of strategy and strategizing developed by Professor V.L. Kvint. According to this approach, the high quality of human life is the ultimate goal of any strategy. The analysis revealed Russia’s place in the global education ranking, as well as the national objectives, their indicators, and directions of regional projects as part of the National Education Project in the Amur Region. The strategizing made it possible to define the areas of employment development which are affected by the quality education trend. By implementing the quality education trend, the Amur authorities will be able to identify the opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses to define the strategic priorities in the employment strategy, which will eventually improve the quality of life in the regi on.

Влияние реализации стратегического приоритета «качественное образование на протяжении всей жизни» на развитие занятости населения в регионе

The regional economy includes many different (social, economic, demographic, etc.) relationships and factors affecting the development of regions. At the same time, the main guideline for the actions of the authorities is to improve the quality and standard of living of the population. This criterion corresponds to the ultimate goal of the development and implementation of the strategy, according to the methodology of V. L. Kvint, therefore, the development of employment in the region through strategizing is promising. Theory of noonomy S. D. Bodrunova is based on the knowledge economy, where it is considered as the highest stage of civilization in highly developed countries, into which the stage of post-industrial society is developing. And consequently, high-quality education takes a strategic orientation. Strategic analysis of the trend “Quality education throughout life” and statistical analysis of the population dynamics by the level of education in the Amur region, allowed us to identify opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses (OTSW-analysis) of the strategic direction. In addition, this paper substantiates the effectiveness and prospects of the implementation of the strategic priority “Quality education throughout life”, highlighting the goals and reinforcing with competitive advantages, which will lead to sustainable development of the region.

The use of gravel crushing siftings sands for the production of cast emulsion-mineral mixtures «Slarri Sil»

In the article, the authors present the main use results of mineral materials from local open cast mines for the cast emulsion-mineral mixtures making «Slarri Sil» for the protective wearing course installation for asphalt concrete pavements. The production of cast emulsion-mineral mixtures «Slarri Sil» using sand sifting from crushing local gravel materials was carried out on regional category III highways (according to traffic intensity) of the Amur Federal Highway passing through the Amur Region. In accordance with the requirements for mineral materials for the production of cast emulsion-mineral mixtures «Slarri Sil», it was ruled to use the sandy fraction of the stone crushing sifting products of igneous rocks in accordance with National State Standard 8736 with the following properties quality indicators: strength grade greater than or equal to 1200, abrasion grade greater than or equal to I-1, frost resistance grade greater than or equal to F50. Due to the limited number of deposits with siftings for crushing dense rocks and the length of regional highways in the Amur Region, deposits use for the production of cast emulsion-mineral mixtures throughout the entire route make the construction of wear layers unprofitable. The research objective is the local sand and gravel mix of the Zeya and Bureya rivers for the production of Slurry Seal type cast emulsion-mineral mixtures. The authors present the results of determining the physical and mechanical parameters and grain compositions of sands from siftings of crushing sand and gravel mix and rock for protective wear layers of asphalt concrete pavements. The results of determining the adhesion of the binder with the mineral part of cast emulsion-mineral mixtures «Slarri Sil» on various sands of crushing siftings are presented. The results of testing sands from siftings of crushing gravel and siftings of igneous rocks for wet abrasion are shown. The results of experimental studies made it possible to substantiate the use of sand from gravel crushing siftings for the construction of a protective wear layer for asphalt concrete pavement made of cast emulsion-mineral mixtures type «Slarri Sil» on the roads of the Amur Region, including federal ones. The obtained results were used to prepare the standard of the organization company standard — closed stock corporation «Asfalt» — 001-2012 «Production of works on the installation of protective wear layers for asphalt concrete pavements from cast emulsion-mineral mixtures of the Slurry Seal type».

MORPHOLOGY OF FRUITLETS OF FAR EASTERN SPECIES OF THE GENUS <i>POTENTILLA</i> (ROSACEAE)

The study of fruitlet morphology is carried out in 16 species of the genus Potentilla occurring in the Amur Region (Priamurye) and Primorye Territory. The sculpture of the fruitlet surface is shown to have diagnostic significance. The position, shape of the stylodium and the ratio of its length to the length of the fruitlet can be successfully used as diagnostic characters to distinguish the subgenera of the genus Potentilla. The inaccuracy of S.V. Yuzepchuk (1941) concerning the stylodia in the diagnoses of sections Niveae and Argenteae in the “Flora of the USSR” is corrected. The results of the research have shown that the stylodia in the species of these sections are short, rather thick, no longer than a mature fruitlet, instead of thin and long, as it was specified by S.V. Yuzepchuk. The presence of glands on the fruitlets of the members of section Pensylvanicae (P. approximata, P. conferta) can serve as a reason for the distinguishing this section within the subgenus Potentilla. The degree of expression of papillary outgrowths (short and long) in the lower part of the stylodium is a diagnostic trait of section Potentilla. The presence of covering hairs on the dorsal and ventral sides of the fruitlets in P. semiglabra, as well as a wide wing-like outgrowth on the dorsal side of the fruitlets in P. asperrima can be used in the taxonomy of the genus Potentilla as specific diagnostic traits. The species of Potentilla (P. amurensis, P. asperrima, P. centigrana) with a diploid set of chromosomes (2n = 14) are characterized by scarious and wing-like outgrowths on the fruitlets.

Autumn migration tracks of Helopsaltes grasshopper-warblers from Northeast Asia support recent taxonomic assignments.

Migration strategies are genetically inherited in most songbirds, and closely related species can exhibit markedly contrasting migration programs. Here, we investigate the autumn migration of one Helopsaltes grasshopper-warbler from a population near Magadan, North East Russia, based on light-level geolocation. Although often considered to belong to Middendorff's Grasshopper-warbler H. ochotensis, recent genetic studies suggest that birds from this population are more closely related to Pallas's Grasshopper-warbler H. certhiola. We compare the migratory behavior of the Magadan bird with two Pallas's Grasshopper-warblers tracked from populations in the Kolyma River valley and the Amur region, Russia. We found similar migration patterns in all three tracked individuals, with stopover sites in eastern China and wintering sites in mainland Southeast Asia, within the known range for Pallas's Grasshopper-warbler. Furthermore, based on morphological data compiled during bird ringing, we were able to confirm the presence of potential "Magadan grasshopper-warblers" during spring and autumn migration in Thailand. Our scant data provide further evidence that Magadan Helopsaltes, notwithstanding their morphological resemblance to Middendorff's Grasshopper-warbler, constitute a population of Pallas's Grasshopper-warbler.

Анализ эффективности отрасли растениеводства и уровня механизации сельского хозяйства Амурской области

On the territory of the Amur region, many agricultural producers from among various agricultural organizations, farms and individual entrepreneurs, and households of the population are registered and operate. The most suitable for agriculture in the region are the territories of the Southern Agricultural Zone, where the soil is extremely diverse and fertile. At the same time, in the period 2019-2021. a significant reduction in acreage has been established, which is mainly due to changes in climatic conditions in the region, the condition and production load of the machine and tractor fleet. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the crop industry and the level of mechanization of agriculture in the Amur region, suggests the most important directions in the development of agriculture in the region, which will increase the production of cereals and legumes, as well as expand the possibilities of interregional cooperation. Keywords: ACREAGE, CROP PRODUCTION, LEVEL OF MECHANIZATION, DEVELOPMENT, COOPERATION, EFFICIENCY

FEATURES OF MASTITIS MANIFESTATION IN DAIRY COWS IN THE AMUR REGION

One of the main factors hindering the growth of milk productivity and deteriorating the sanitary quality of farm produced milk is mastitis. Mastitis can occur during lactation, drying off and interlactation periods but more often during the lactation period, when the mammary gland is under enormous exertion. The aim of the research was to study the features of mastitis manifestation in dairy cows under the Amur region conditions. Samplings were carried out in September-October. Milk was analysed using the Masttest rapid diagnosticum. Studies showed that mastitis was not diagnosed in 39.1 % of cows, in 20.3 % of cows it was dubious (lesion of the posterior udder lobes). In 40.6 % of cows the mastitis was diagnosed in the form of lesion of the posterior udder lobes, whereas the anterior udder lobes showed dubious result. The mastitis positive diagnosis in cows in at least one lobe of the udder may indirectly indicate the presence of subclinical mastitis in the remaining udder lobes or the transformation of the subclinical form of mastitis into clinical one under the influence of unfavourable external factors and in the absence of therapy.

Vat refund as an indicator of socio-economic development of the region (by the example of the Amur Region)

The article discusses the National Program of socio-economic development of the Far East, special attention is paid to the socio-economic development of the Amur region. The dynamics of the gross regional product and investments in fixed assets in the Amur Region, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole are analyzed. An assessment of the scale and productivity of the development of the regional economy was carried out, trends and prospects for further development of the macroregion were determined. The analysis of value added tax receipts from the Amur region to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation was carried out and the main reasons for the decrease in VAT receipts were determined. The negative dynamics of VAT is associated with a fairly extensive construction activity in the Amur region, since the construction of even relatively small facilities requires the purchase of a significant amount of expensive construction materials and equipment. A significant contribution to the negative dynamics of VAT is made by the activities of gold mining companies in the region, since the extraction of precious metals is subject to a zero VAT rate. A forecast of VAT receipts for the next 5 years has been developed. The factors that can affect the socio-economic development of the Far Eastern Federal District, reduce GRP, reduce investments and financing volumes are identified. It is concluded that the macro-region needs to rely on its own resource potential: practice shows that it is not always possible to count on the financial support of the federal center. The Far Eastern Federal District has its own competitive advantages and a large number of resources for independent socio-economic development.

Повышении эффективности уборочно-транспортного процесса в условиях Амурской области

To increase the efficiency and quality of the harvesting and transportation process the volume of the harvesting machine bunker should be in direct conformity with the carrying capacity of the transport equipment. This measure provides the reduction of expenses, connected with the consumption of combustive-lubricating materials, mechanical losses of harvest and other non-productive operations. The article is devoted to the condition of equality, necessary for achievement of well-coordinated operation of harvesting-transport complex; the coefficients of conformity for the widespread brands of harvesting and transport vehicles in the conditions of the Amur region are estimated; the dependence of the coefficient of conformity on the total costs is presented, and the main conclusions from the results of the analysis of the use of harvesting-transport machinery are made. Keywords: HARVESTING AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, COMBINE, LARGER VEHICLES, BUNKER, VOLUME, HUGE CAPACITY

Influence of the length of daylight hours on the matrix diversity and productivity of the early maturing soybean variety Sentyabrinka seeds when grown in the conditions of the Amur region

The research was carried out under the conditions of a vegetative experiment of the laboratory of plant physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean” with an early maturing soybean variety Sentyabrinka. In 2020-2022, we research the effect of light days on the matrix different quality and productivity of soybean seeds in order to determine the response of an early maturing variety to light days, which depends primarily on the sowing time of seeds of an early maturing variety. The artificial reduction of light days from sixteen to ten hours at the sowing date on May 28 reduced the growing season of plants by 7 days, and light days at the sowing date on June 3 under natural conditions provided the longest growing season, which was 4 days longer compared to this period in plants grown with 10 hours of light days. The number of seeds formed on 1 plant under the conditions of natural light days was maximum at the sowing date on May 28, exceeding by 9 pcs/plant relative to this indicator for plants with a sowing date of June 3. The largest number of beans was formed on tier II in plants with natural light days at the sowing date on May 28 and exceeded this figure by 4 pcs for plants with a sowing date of June 03. Regardless of the duration of light days, the least number of beans was on layer I, both at the sowing date of May 28 and June 3. With the duration of light days at the sowing date of May 28, a tendency to increase plant productivity by 0.3 g/plant was revealed compared with this indicator for plants with a sowing date of June 3. A significant increase in the productivity of soybean plants of the Sentyabrinka variety by 1.16 g/plant was established at the sowing date on May 28 relative to this indicator for the variant with a reduction in light days to 10 hours at the sowing date on June 3. For all indicators of the quality and productivity of seeds, a favorable light day was created for plants in natural conditions at the sowing date of May 28.

Assessment of early ripeness and productive capacity of a collection of F<sub>1</sub> hybrids of cucumber grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse in the south of the Amur region

Relevance. In the vegetable market, cucumber is in stable demand. It also occupies one of the leading places in the structure of sown areas after root crops, cabbage, and tomato. In addition to high yields, modern varieties (hybrids) of cucumber, are characterized by good marketability of green cukes and transportability. The stable demand for green cukes among the population, as well as their high economically valuable characteristics, ensure constant interest in this crop both at large and small farms, which supply a significant part of the market with the fresh produce in spring and summer. Local peasant farms grow cabbages, root vegetables, onions, and watermelons, but very few of those cultivate cucumbers. Those are mainly grown in spring greenhouses. This imbalance is explained by the lack of cucumber varieties and hybrids adapted to local conditions.The purpose of this study is the assessment of a collection of parthenocarpic F1 cucumber hybrids and identification of highly productive varieties suitable for growing in polycarbonate greenhouses suitable in the spring-summer rotation in the south of the Amur Region. The object of the study were 11 F1 cucumber hybrids of domestic and foreign selection.Results. According to the results of studying the collection of parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber grown in spring/summer polycarbonate greenhouses in the south of the Amur Region, marketable green cukes are formed on day 44-54 after germination. The hybrids Amur F1, Artist F1, Director F1, Componist RZ F1, Bjorn F1, Gunnar F1, and Cedric F1 are characterized by high productive facility. They have formed 9.0–13.0 kg/m2 of marketable green cukes. According to the test panel score, the hybrids Bettina F1, Pasalimo F1, and Gunnar F1, have the best gustatory quality (4,8-5,0 points).

P. F. Unterberger's Policy and Views on Korean Migrants in the Far East of the Russian Empire

The object of the study is the migration policy of the Russian Empire in the Far East. The subject is the views and approach of the military Governor of the Primorsky Region (1888-1897) and the Governor-General of the Amur Region (1905-1910) P. F. Unterberger to the resettlement from Korea and the economic activities of Koreans in the Amur Region. The purpose of the study is to analyze P. F. Unterberger's policy on the settlement of the Korean issue in the Russian Far East. The author examines in detail the assessments of the regional administrator regarding the degree of assimilation of Korean immigrants with the Russian population, reveals his approach to the acceptance of Koreans into Russian citizenship. Special attention is paid to the negative aspects of the economic detail of Koreans in the Russian Far East and the political risks associated with their stay in Russia, which P. F. Unterberger highlighted in his essays. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the conclusion about the key role of the official in the development of measures of the Far Eastern administration to formalize the legal status of Koreans in Russia. The main reasons for the administrator's negative attitude towards immigrants from Korea are identified. The main principles that guided the official in carrying out the policy on the settlement of the Korean problem are formulated. The author stressed that the views expressed by P. F. Unterberger in his works contradict the basic principles of the national policy of the Russian Federation. Individual formulations of an official by modern standards are politically incorrect and cannot be used either in official documents or in scientific or journalistic materials.