In order to optimize the lightning protection design and to ensure the safe, stable operation of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway(B-S railway), we plotted a map of the average annual ground flash density of the areas along B-S railway by cloud-to-ground flash data of Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Shandong during 2005 to 2011, which were obtained by lightning location systems. The ground flash density gradually increased from north to south, and it remained less than 4.7 times/(km2?a) in North China. Applying the grid method to the line corridor, we meshed B-S railway into 126 statistical sections, which were labeled as NO.1~126, respectively, from north to south, and each one covered a 10 km×10 km area. According to the statistics of ground flash density in each section, the most vulnerable sections to lightning were located: the sections in the southwestern and the south central of Jiangsu Province were finally confirmed as the key sections of lightning protection along the whole B-S railway. Meanwhile, we defined other three statistical sections, namely, the North China, the Shandong, and the East China sections. The lightning current amplitude probability distributions of these three sections were counted and their distribution curves were fitted into fitting expressions.The results indicate that the lightning current amplitude probability distributes in lognormal patterns.