Amplitude Amplification Research Articles

Parameters optimization of dynamic vibration absorber based on grounded stiffness, inerter, and amplifying mechanism

In the field of dynamics and control, some typical vibration devices, including grounded stiffness, inerter and amplifying mechanism, have good vibration isolation and reduction effects, especially in dynamic vibration absorber (DVA). However, most of the current research studies only focus on the performance of a single device on the system, and those DVAs are gradually becoming difficult to meet the growth of performance demand for vibration control. On the basis of Voigt dynamic vibration absorber, a novel dynamic vibration absorber model based on the combined structure of grounded stiffness, inerter, and amplifying mechanism is presented, and the analytical solution of the optimal design formula is derived. First, the motion differential equation of the system is established, and the normalized amplitude amplification factor of the displacement is calculated. It is found that the system has three fixed points unrelated to the damping ratio. The optimal frequency ratio is obtained based on the fixed-point theory. In order to ensure the stability of the system, it is found that inappropriate inerter coefficient will cause the system instable when screening optimal grounded stiffness ratio. Accordingly, the best working range of inerter is determined. Finally, optimal grounded stiffness ratio and approximate optimal damping ratio are also obtained. The influence of inerter coefficient and magnification ratio on the response of the primary system is analyzed. The correctness of the derived analytical solution is verified by numerical simulation. Compared with other dynamic vibration absorbers, it is verified that presented model has superior vibration absorption performance and provides a theoretical basis for the design of a new type of dynamic vibration absorbers.

Quantum key recovery attack on SIMON32/64

The quantum security of lightweight block ciphers is receiving more and more attention. However, the existing quantum attacks on lightweight block ciphers only focused on the quantum exhaustive search, while the quantum attacks combined with classical cryptanalysis methods haven’t been well studied. In this paper, we study quantum key recovery attack on SIMON32/64 using Quantum Amplitude Amplification algorithm in Q1 model. At first, we reanalyze the quantum circuit complexity of quantum exhaustive search on SIMON32/64. We estimate the Clifford gates count more accurately and reduce the T gate count. Also, the T-depth and full depth is reduced due to our minor modifications. Then, using four differentials given by Biryukov in FSE 2014 as our distinguisher, we give our quantum key recovery attack on 19-round SIMON32/64. We treat the two phases of key recovery attack as two QAA instances separately, and the first QAA instance consists of four sub-QAA instances. Then, we design the quantum circuit of these two QAA instances and estimate their corresponding quantum circuit complexity. We conclude that the quantum circuit of our quantum key recovery attack is lower than quantum exhaustive search. Our work firstly studies the quantum dedicated attack on SIMON32/64. And this is the first work to study the complexity of quantum dedicated attacks from the perspective of quantum circuit complexity, which is a more fine-grained analysis of quantum dedicated attacks’ complexity.

Quantum Computation Based Grover’s Search Algorithm and its Variations

Background: The future computations need parallelism, and a way to achieve the same is through quantum-based specific properties. Quantum computation supports exponential operation to be performed in parallel over a single execution step and hence achieves computational speedup. Objective: One of the quantum-based algorithms allows to search the key element over an index based unstructured database and succeeds to obtain the speedup. In the whole context of article writing, our approach reviews the significance of quantum computing, the basics required for quantum computation and their quantum logic-based circuit operations. Method: The article focuses on Grover’s search algorithm and its variations, and then illustrates the relevant amplitude amplification & phase matching techniques in accordance with the advantages and limitation to the specific perspective. Results: We made the comparative analysis between the amplitude amplification-based static & dynamic Grover’s searching and phase estimation technique. Along with this, we justified the possibilities of the empirical results and observed facts over Grover’s variant approaches. Conclusion: Finally, we conclude the analytical comparison between quantum-based searching techniques along with the applicability of Grover’s algorithm in practical computational science.

Quantitative assessment of parallel acoustofluidic device.

The advantage of ultrasonic fields in harmless and label-free applications intrigued researchers to develop this technology. The capability of acoustofluidic technology for medical applications has not been thoroughly analyzed and visualized. Toward efficient design, in this research, flowing fluid in a microchannel excited by acoustic waves is fully investigated. To study the behavior of acoustic streaming, the main interfering parameters such as inlet velocity, working frequency, displacement amplitude, fluid buffer material, and hybrid effect in a rectangular water-filled microchannel actuated by standing surface acoustic waves are studied. Governing equations for acoustic field and laminar flow are derived employing perturbation theory. For each set of equations, appropriate boundary conditions are applied. Results demonstrate a parallel device is capable of increasing the inlet flow for rapid operations. Frequency increment raises the acoustic streaming velocity magnitude. Displacement amplitude amplification increases the acoustic streaming velocity and helps the streaming flow dominate over the incoming flow. The qualitative analysis of the hybrid effect shows using hard walls can significantly increase the streaming power without depleting excessive energy. A combination of several effective parameters provides an energy-efficient and fully controllable device for biomedical applications such as fluid mixing and cell lysis.

Quantum and Randomised Algorithms for Non-linearity Estimation

Non-linearity of a Boolean function indicates how far it is from any linear function. Despite there being several strong results about identifying a linear function and distinguishing one from a sufficiently non-linear function, we found a surprising lack of work on computing the non-linearity of a function. The non-linearity is related to the Walsh coefficient with the largest absolute value; however, the naive attempt of picking the maximum after constructing a Walsh spectrum requires Θ (2 n ) queries to an n -bit function. We improve the scenario by designing highly efficient quantum and randomised algorithms to approximate the non-linearity allowing additive error, denoted λ, with query complexities that depend polynomially on λ. We prove lower bounds to show that these are not very far from the optimal ones. The number of queries made by our randomised algorithm is linear in n , already an exponential improvement, and the number of queries made by our quantum algorithm is surprisingly independent of n . Our randomised algorithm uses a Goldreich-Levin style of navigating all Walsh coefficients and our quantum algorithm uses a clever combination of Deutsch-Jozsa, amplitude amplification and amplitude estimation to improve upon the existing quantum versions of the Goldreich-Levin technique.

CAVITATION EROSION MECHANISM: NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PRESSURE WAVES AND VAPOR BUBBLES

Investigations on vapor bubble collapses dynamic were carried out by three-dimension simulations with the software Prototype Homogène Code_Saturne. The code solves, by applying a compressible homogeneous approach, the Euler’s equations coupled with transport equations (for the volume, mass and energy fractions) that model the phase changes and the thermodynamic effects. To close the system, the Stiffened Gas EOS (equation of state) was applied to link the pressure and the temperature to the internal energy and the density.Different mesh types and computational domains were tested to study four configurations in water: a) the vapor bubble collapse in free-field case; b) the vapor bubble collapse near a solid wall; c) the collapse of a vapor bubble in free-field case and impacted by an external pressure wave; d) the collapse of a vapor bubble placed near a solid wall and impacted by an external pressure wave.Pressure waves generated during these bubble implosions were studied and characteristic parameters (such as wave passage time and amplitude of the pressure peak applied at the solid wall) were calculated under different hydrodynamic conditions.Simulations led to some expected phenomena such as: the bubble asymmetrical shape evolution when a rigid wall is present; observation of toroidal vapor cavities; generation of high amplitude pressure waves during bubble collapses and rebounds.Original results obtained concern mainly the study of the interaction between external pressure waves and collapsing vapor bubbles. Analyses on the influence of the incoming external pressure wave amplitude on the bubble collapse time and on the pressure peak reached on the wall are also presented in the paper. The numerical study showed an amplification of the collapse pressure by the incoming pressure wave. This interaction mechanism between pressure waves and vapor structures leading to pressure amplitude amplification could be responsible for the material damages due to cavitation.

Quantum Exploration Algorithms for Multi-Armed Bandits

Identifying the best arm of a multi-armed bandit is a central problem in bandit optimization. We study a quantum computational version of this problem with coherent oracle access to states encoding the reward probabilities of each arm as quantum amplitudes. Specifically, we provide an algorithm to find the best arm with fixed confidence based on variable-time amplitude amplification and estimation. This algorithm gives a quadratic speedup compared to the best possible classical result in terms of query complexity. We also prove a matching quantum lower bound (up to poly-logarithmic factors).

Nonlinear dynamic control of GaAs nanomechanical resonators using lasers

The ability to control, manipulate, and read out nanomechanical resonators is of great significance for many applications. In this work, we start by constructing a nonlinear dynamic model that is deduced from the fundamental beam-photon–electron interaction and energy band theories, with the aim of describing a complicated cavity-free optomechanical coupling process. Based on the model established, we first reveal the manipulation of a resonator’s response, including softening and hardening effects due to laser injection. By driving the laser parametrically, we comprehensively investigate the control of the resonator’s dynamics, in particular, in the nonlinear regime. It is found that both the laser power and frequency can be used to directly manipulate the NEMS resonator’s dynamics, e.g., by amplitude amplification, periodicity changes, and periodic–chaotic state conversion. We then provide bifurcation diagrams, which evidence a deterministic evolution of dynamics. Finally, we perform a special study of the control of chaotic states of the nanomechanical resonator using laser parametric driving. The maximal Lyapunov exponents together with time series calculation show that the chaotic states can be controlled at a few specific frequency points of the injecting laser. This work not only provides guidance for using lasers to control nanoscale resonators, but also sheds light on the exploration of novel applications based on nonlinear NEMS resonators.

An analytical solution of scattering of semi-circular hill on cylindrical SH waves

Irregular topography can induce scattering and diffraction of incident seismic waves and cause topographic amplification effects. In this paper, a theoretical model for the scattering and diffraction of cylindrical SH waves caused by a semi-circular hill is established for the first time to reveal the influence of source characteristics on the topographic amplification effects. The analytical solution of the theoretical model is derived via the wave function expansion method and image theory, and its accuracy is verified by checking the given boundary conditions. Base on the presented solution, the influences of source location, incident wave frequency, and hill radius on amplitude amplification are systematically investigated. Comparison of amplitude amplification around the hill caused by cylindrical waves and plane waves indicates that the effect of source distance on topographic amplification effects is not negligible unless the source distance exceeds 15 times the hill radius. It suggests that much attention should be paid to the effects of source location on topographic amplification effects, especially when the source is near the topography.

Site effect and microzonation of the Jizan coastal area, southwestern Saudi Arabia, for earthquake hazard assessment based on the geotechnical borehole data

Ninety-one geotechnical boreholes were drilled throughout Jizan City and the subsoil profiles were modeled. The SPT-N values were corrected to the N60 parameter. Then, the calculated shear wave velocity for 30 m depth (Vs30) varies between 196.086 and 589.931 m/s. Moreover, the site soil was classified into two of soil classes detected. Thereafter, the site response with SMSIM software is assigned at all borehole locations using Vs30, predominant frequency, and corresponding amplitude amplification factor. The estimated amplification factor varied between 1.6 and 18.2, reflecting the significant difference in the thicknesses of soil. The values of high amplification extend in a north–south strip to the west indicating very soft/loose sediments with a considerable thickness. Higher fundamental frequency values extend due north along the coast until the Ash-Shati and Ar-Rawabi districts verifying the compacted sediments. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) has been estimated for 91 borehole sites at bedrock level in the Jizan area using Mw 6.25 earthquake magnitude. This PGA was used to generate an ArcGIS contour map. The values of the PGA for the bedrock vary between 4.8 and 10.7 cm/s2. Moreover, PGA is computed at the ground surface level, where it varies between 7.7 and 32.0 cm/s2. Finally, the ground motion response spectra were also estimated with 5% critical damping for the locations of all of the boreholes. The pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) and its corresponding frequency/period were calculated for the 91 borehole locations. The values of the maximum PSA ranged between 17 and 103 cm/s2, covering the western zone of the Jizan study area. Furthermore, the PSAs were computed for 1.5, 3, 5, 8, and 10 Hz at 91 locations, and then contoured using the ArcGIS package. This frequency range from 1.5 to 10 Hz represents the range in the natural frequencies for tall to low-rise buildings.

A comprehensive analysis of factors affecting the accuracy of the precision hydrostatic spindle with mid-thrust bearing layout

This paper investigates the influence of rotor coaxiality error on spindle accuracy under different operating conditions in the precision hydrostatic spindle with a mid-thrust bearing structure. Firstly, a linearized model of rotor dynamics equation with five degrees-of-freedom is established based on Newton’s law of motion and angular momentum principle. Then, by solving the Reynolds equation and the flow continuity equation using the mathematical perturbation method, the steady and transient pressure distribution functions of the hydrostatic bearings are obtained; subsequently, the stiffness and damping coefficient matrices of the spindle are determined. Furthermore, the linearized stiffness and damping coefficients are substituted into the rotor dynamics equation to obtain the instantaneous acceleration of the rotor, and the motion trajectory of the rotor is solved iteratively by the Euler method. Finally, the paper studies the influences of different rotor coaxiality, rotating speed, cutting load, oil supply pressure, and oil film clearance on dynamic characteristics, amplitude amplification factor, and radial runout of the spindle by computer simulation. The simulation results show that the spindle runout is more sensitive to rotor coaxiality error and oil film clearance.

Quantum circuit representation of Bayesian networks

Probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian networks are widely used to model stochastic systems to perform various types of analysis such as probabilistic prediction, risk analysis, and system health monitoring, which can become computationally expensive in large-scale systems. While demonstrations of true quantum supremacy remain rare, quantum computing applications managing to exploit the advantages of amplitude amplification have shown significant computational benefits when compared against their classical counterparts. We develop a systematic method for designing a quantum circuit to represent a generic discrete Bayesian network with nodes that may have two or more states, where nodes with more than two states are mapped to multiple qubits. The marginal probabilities associated with root nodes (nodes without any parent nodes) are represented using rotation gates, and the conditional probability tables associated with non-root nodes are represented using controlled rotation gates. The controlled rotation gates with more than one control qubit are represented using ancilla qubits. The proposed approach is demonstrated for three examples: a 4-node oil company stock prediction, a 10-node network for liquidity risk assessment, and a 9-node naive Bayes classifier for bankruptcy prediction. The circuits were designed and simulated using Qiskit, a quantum computing platform that enables simulations and also has the capability to run on real quantum hardware. The results were validated against those obtained from classical Bayesian network implementations.

Scientific instrument for creation of effective Cooper pair mass spectroscopy

We describe electronic instruments for creation of effective Cooper pair spectroscopy. The suggested spectroscopy requires study of electric field effects on the surface of cleaved superconductors. The electronic instrument reacquires low noise amplifier with 106 amplitude amplification which we have formerly used for study of Johnson-Nyquist and Schottky noises. The nonspecific amplifier is followed by high-Q tunable resonance filter based on schematics of general impedance converter topology which is also and innovative device. The work of the device is based on the Manhattan equation of operational amplifier. After a final nonspecific amplification the total amplification can exceed 109 and in such a way sub-nano-volt signals can be reliably detected. In short the observation of new effects in condensed matter physics leads to creation of new generation of electronic equipment.

Ferulic acid attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in retinal degeneration

BackgroundRetinal degeneration is often accompanied by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Ferulic acid (FA), an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study explores the impact of FA on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and associated retinal degeneration in rd10 mice.MethodsRd10 mice received different concentrations of FA every day from postnatal day (P)4 to P24. On P25, the visual function of the mice was evaluated by electroretinogram, and retinae were collected for further investigation. Microglial activation and the expression of relevant cytokines in the retina were evaluated by qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Retinal structure was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.ResultsSupplementation with 50 mg/kg FA provided optimal protection against retinal degeneration, with treated mice exhibiting more photoreceptor nuclei as well as greater wave amplitude amplification on electroretinogram than untreated mice. FA suppressed microglial activation both in vivo and in vitro, and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors Tnfα, IL1β, and Ccl2 in the retinae of rd10 mice. Furthermore, FA suppressed the activation of STAT1 and subsequently inhibited IRF8 expression, potentially highlighting a role for these pathways in FA-mediated immunomodulatory activity.ConclusionsAttenuation of neuroinflammation by FA may be beneficial for retarding retinal degeneration.

Quantum algorithm for solving the test suite minimization problem

Test-suite minimization problem is an essential problem in software engineering as its application helps to improve the software quality. This paper proposes a quantum algorithm to solve the test-suite minimization problem with high probability in O2n, where n is the number of test cases. It generates an incomplete superposition to find the best solution. It also handles the non-uniform amplitudes’ distribution case for the system with multisolutions. The proposed algorithm uses amplitude amplification techniques to search for the minimum number of test cases required to test all the requirements. The proposed algorithm employs two quantum search algorithms, Younes et al. algorithm for quantum searching via entanglement and partial diffusion to prepare incomplete superpositions that represent different search spaces such that the number of test cases is incremented in each search space, and updated Arima’s algorithm to handle the multisolutions case. The updated Arima’s algorithm searches for a quantum state that satisfies an oracle that represent the instance of the test-suite minimization problem.

Searching via Nonlinear Quantum Walk on the 2D-Grid

We provide numerical evidence that the nonlinear searching algorithm introduced by Wong and Meyer, rephrased in terms of quantum walks with effective nonlinear phase, can be extended to the finite 2-dimensional grid, keeping the same computational advantage with respect to the classical algorithms. For this purpose, we have considered the free lattice Hamiltonian, with linear dispersion relation introduced by Childs and Ge The numerical simulations showed that the walker finds the marked vertex in O(N1/4log3/4N) steps, with probability O(1/logN), for an overall complexity of O(N1/4log5/4N), using amplitude amplification. We also proved that there exists an optimal choice of the walker parameters to avoid the time measurement precision affecting the complexity searching time of the algorithm.

Optimal polynomial based quantum eigenstate filtering with application to solving quantum linear systems

We present a quantum eigenstate filtering algorithm based on quantum signal processing (QSP) and minimax polynomials. The algorithm allows us to efficiently prepare a target eigenstate of a given Hamiltonian, if we have access to an initial state with non-trivial overlap with the target eigenstate and have a reasonable lower bound for the spectral gap. We apply this algorithm to the quantum linear system problem (QLSP), and present two algorithms based on quantum adiabatic computing (AQC) and quantum Zeno effect respectively. Both algorithms prepare the final solution as a pure state, and achieves the near optimalO~(dκlog⁡(1/ϵ))query complexity for ad-sparse matrix, whereκis the condition number, andϵis the desired precision. Neither algorithm uses phase estimation or amplitude amplification.

A quantum distinguisher for 7/8-round SMS4 block cipher

Constructions of quantum distinguishers (extended to key recovery attacks) for generalized Feistel networks have been recently proposed in several works, where the main focus has been on Type 1 and 2 schemes. In this work, we derive a quantum distinguisher for 7 and 8 rounds of the SMS4 block cipher, which belongs to the class of unbalanced (contracting) generalized Feistel schemes. In the former case, by applying Simon’s quantum algorithm we construct a quantum distinguisher that runs in (quantum) polynomial time $$\mathcal {O}(n)$$ (n is the branch size), while later we need to combine Simon’s and Grover’s algorithms in context of the amplitude amplification technique. We show that for the 8-round SMS4 cipher a quantum distinguisher can be constructed in both Q1 and Q2 attack models. This is achieved by applying the method of asymmetric search of a period, introduced by Bonnetain et al. (Advances in cryptology ASIACRYPT 2019, LNCS, 2019), where online and offline queries to the encryption oracle are separated. In this context, we answer the open problem posed by Dong et al. (Sci China Inf Sci 62:22501, 2019), which has been left open for construction of quantum distinguishers for $$\ge 7$$ rounds. Moreover, we show that for the specific instance when the quantum oracle for 8 rounds of SMS4 cipher is available, one can extract the master secret key with the same complexity and number of qubits required for the 8-round distinguisher.

Interaction dynamics of hybrid solitons and breathers for extended generalization of Vakhnenko equation

The main attention of this study is focused on the interaction dynamics of breather, and hybrid solitons and breather for an extended generalization of Vakhnenko equation. The general form of the N-order auxiliary function is first derived by the Hirota bilinear method. Then, the N-order solutions can be obtained. When $$N\ge 2$$ , the loop-like breather may emerge by taking the dispersion coefficients as conjugate complex number. The breather is like a magical spring with good elasticity, changeable period and thickness. Furthermore, novel interaction features between breathers, between soliton/solitons and breather/breathers, are observed by visualizing method. The results show that there are abundant dynamics during the interactions, such as elastic collision, phase shift, amplitude amplification, collapse and bulge effect.

Optofluidic Amplification-free Multiplex Detection of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers.

Infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola and other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) require low-complexity, specific, and differentiated diagnostics as illustrated by the recent outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Here, we describe amplification-free spectrally multiplex detection of four different VHF total RNA samples using multi-spot excitation on a multimode interference waveguide platform along with combinatorial fluorescence labeling of target nucleic acids. In these experiments, we observed an average of 8-fold greater fluorescence signal amplitudes for the Ebola total RNA sample compared to three other total RNA samples: Lake Victoria Marburg Virus, Ravn Marburg Virus, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. We have attributed this amplitude amplification to an increased amount of RNA during synthesis of soluble glycoprotein in infection. This hypothesis is confirmed by single molecule detection of the total RNA sample after heat-activated release from the carrier microbeads. From these experiments, we observed at least a 5.3x higher RNA mass loading on the Ebola carrier microbeads compared to the Lake Victoria Marburg carrier microbeads, which is consistent with the known production of soluble glycoprotein during infection.