Amount Of Active Sites Research Articles

Facile fabrication of Mn doped WSe2 as an electrode material for supercapacitor application

The world is currently confronted with major challenges of energy scarcity and environmental deterioration. Prioritising the development and storage of eco-friendly energy sources is imperative given the finite availability of non-renewable resources. Under these circumstances, the production and utilization of environmentally friendly energy have become widely recognized as of utmost significance. Lately, researchers have shown a strong fascination with supercapacitors owing to exceptional energy/power density and prolonged cycle life. In this work, we have fabricated Mn doped WSe2 through the hydrothermal route for supercapacitor applications. Utilization of Mn2+ as a dopant increases the conductivity of the WSe2 lattice by adding charge carriers, hence enhancing electron mobility. The incorporation of Mn2+ enhanced the electrochemical characteristics of Mn-doped WSe2, resulting in an overall improvement in electrochemical efficacy. The Mn doped WSe2 exhibited Cs of 1908 F/g at 1 A g-1, surpassing the Cs of pure WSe2 (593 F/g). This enhancement was attributed to the rise in the quantity of active sites, lower resistance and improved morphology resulting from to successful doping of Mn2+. It enhances the material's conductivity and charge storage capacity, compelling to increase in capacitance. After 5000th cycle at 10 mV/s, the material showed great cyclic stability due to doping. The superior performance of Mn doped WSe2 electrode suggests its potential for supercapacitor electrodes. The widespread implementation of Mn doped WSe2 can considerably enhance the performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness for it to be utilized further in next-generation energy storage processes.

Influence of synthesis conditions of Co/SiC and TiC-SiC catalyst on H2 production from NH3

Developments in suitable catalytic design (including novel and low-cost supports and active metal) gain the perspective of ammonia as ‘hydrogen carrier’ for the decarbonization of the energy sector. Herein, this study provides valuable insight into the utilization of different cobalt loadings (1.5–10 wt%) and cobalt precursors (nitrate, citrate, acetate and chloride) on SiC and TiC-SiC-based supports for hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition. The reduction degree, particle size and surface area were found to determine the catalytic activity. Hence, 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% of Co led to an optimal particle size and amount of active sites on TiC-SiC and SiC supports, respectively. The choice of a suitable cobalt precursor had a clear effect on the reduction of cobalt species. A higher reduction degree with an enhanced ammonia conversion resulted from the nitrate precursor, whereas a lower catalytic performance was obtained when cobalt chloride was used in both supports. On the other hand, the in-situ ammonia pre-treatment was found to be an efficient alternative for activating the cobalt catalysts in both supports. Among the different investigated catalyst formulations, the highest activity was achieved when a nitrate precursor and both in-situ H2/Ar or NH3/Ar pre-treatments were used to prepare the TiC-SiC-based catalyst. The 2.5Co-N/TiC-SiC catalyst reached a specific activity of 0.11 molH2 molCo-1 s-1 with an ammonia conversion higher than 80 % at 450 ºC.

Balancing Mass Transfer and Active Sites to Improve Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction by B,N Codoped C Nanoreactors.

Mass transfer is critical in catalytic processes, especially when the reactions are facilitated by nanostructured catalysts. Strong efforts have been devoted to improving the efficacy and quantity of active sites, but often, mass transfer has not been well studied. Herein, we demonstrate the importance of mass transfer in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by tailoring the pore sizes. Using a confined-etching strategy, we fabricate boron- and nitrogen-doped carbon (B,N@C) electrocatalysts featuring abundant active sites but different porous structures. The ORR performance of these catalysts is found to correlate with diffusion of the reactant. The optimized B,N@C with trimodal-porous structures feature enhanced O2 diffusion and better activity per heteroatomic site toward the ORR process. This work demonstrates the significance of the nanoarchitecture engineering of catalysts and sheds light on how to optimize structures featuring abundant active sites and enhanced mass transfer.

Boosting highly active defect MoV sites for amorphous molybdenum sulfide from catalyst-substrate effect toward efficient hydrogen evolution

Simultaneously achieving abundant active sites and high intrinsic activity is a major challenge to developing highly efficient MoSx-based materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) since there might be a contradictory relationship between loading amounts and intrinsic activity of amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx). Herein, we have for the first time demonstrated a strategy for the electrochemical oxidation of carbon cloth (CC) followed by mild acidification employing (NH4)2MoS4 as the precursor to boost highly active defect MoV sites (DMSs) for MoSx toward efficient HER. In our strategy, a high potential at the anode results in a high concentration of O-containing groups on the surface of CC, which favors loading [Mo3S13]2− clusters or MoSx on CC (MoSx/CC) for achieving abundant DMSs. Impressively, such oxidation does not disrupt the sp2 hybridized carbon of the substrate. Hence, the excellent conductivity of CC guarantees high intrinsic activity of the as-synthesized MoSx/CC samples. On the other hand, excessively high potential stimulates excessive growth and accumulation of [Mo3S13]2− clusters for further increasing loading amounts of MoSx. Nevertheless, such loading is at the expense of DMSs, indicating a great decrease in the quantity of active sites. Furthermore, excessive oxidation leads to unsatisfactory conductivity of CC, owing to breaking the sp2-conjugated system of CC. At the same time, the theoretical prediction and experimental investigation reveal that the intrinsic activity of DMSs will significantly decrease at excessively high potential. By regulating electrochemical potential to 1.8 V, a balance between the loading amounts of MoSx and intrinsic activity of MoSx/CC is achieved to boost highly active DMSs for efficient HER. Consequently, the optimal MoSx/CC exhibit the most excellent HER activity among all counterparts, accompanied by reliable stability. This work presents a new strategy for realizing abundant active sites with high intrinsic activity for MoSx-based materials toward efficient HER from the catalyst-substrate effect.

Fabrication of inverse opal molybdenum sulfide and its use as a catalyst for H2 evolution.

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) and crystalline molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are attractive noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for the H2 evolution reaction from water. Their actual activities depend on the quantity of active sites which are exposed to the electrolyte, which in turn, is influenced by their specific electrochemical surface area. Herein we report on the fabrication of regular inverse opal MoSx and MoS2 films by employing polystyrene nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 30-90 nm as hard templates. The use of these catalysts for the H2 evolution reaction in an acidic electrolyte solution is also presented. Impacts of the regular porous structure, the film thickness as well as the chemical nature of the catalyst (MoS2versus MoSx) are discussed. It shows a catalytically-effective-thickness of ca. 300 nm where the electrolyte can fully penetrate the catalyst macropores, thus all the catalytic active sites can be exposed to the electrolyte to achieve the maximal catalytic operation.

One-pot oxidative-adsorptive desulfurization of model and real fuel using micro-mesoporous SiO2 aerogel supported MoO3

In this research, micro-mesoporous SiO2 aerogel was used as support with different percentages of MoO3 and evaluated simultaneously as a catalyst for oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and as an adsorbent for oxidation products. Among studied weight percentages of MoO3, the SiO2 aerogel-supported catalyst with 1.5 wt% of MoO3 indicated the higher decline in C/C0 of DBT after 60 min (0.06). The characterization of the as-prepared catalysts by XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, BET-BJH, and TEM indicated that MoO3 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of silica aerogel at all studied percentages. Despite a regular reduction in porosity with increasing MoO3 content, catalytic activity in DBT oxidation enhanced due to enhancing MoO3 content, amount of active sites, and hydrophilicity of surface for adsorbing H2O2, which is dissolved in water. Successive runs of oxidative-adsorptive desulfurization confirmed the stability of the MoO3–SiO2 aerogel catalyst. Examination of spent catalyst indicated that while crystalline structure remained unchanged, the porosity of spent catalyst decreased due to adsorption of DBT sulfones on the surface. In the following Iranian gasoil was subjected to the novel method of desulfurization and the GC-MS result indicated a noticeable reduction in sulfur-containing components of fuel after desulfurization.

Verification of pore size effect on aqueous-phase adsorption kinetics: A case study of methylene blue

Due to the negative environmental effect of methylene blue (MB), researchers have been investigating several aspects of its adsorption. The kinetics/rapidity is an important aspect of its uptake which is affected by the adsorbent pore properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pore size on the adsorption kinetics of methylene blue (MB). The paper employed a novel methodology where empirical findings across studies were summarised, analysed juxtaposed to derive observations. It was observed from the study that the kinetic constant increased as the pore size progressed from the macroporous to the mesoporous range. However, MB uptake was significantly slower for micropores. Microporous pore size leads to a drop in kinetic constant because the diffusion of MB through very small pores is restricted and gradual due to the adsorbate size. The mesoporous range is the superior pore size for MB adsorption kinetics. The Pseudo-second-order (PSO) model was best suited for all cases. However, 15% of the studies for mesoporous adsorbent had Pseudo-second-order (PFO) model as best-fit and 6% for microporous adsorbents. PSO is superior to PFO because it captures both the amount of active sites and the concentration of adsorbate as rate-limiting factors. It was observed that 10% of the studies had PFO as best-fit when linear modelling was used but 15% was best-fit with non-linear modelling. This was due to the mathematical simplicity of the linearised form of the PSO and the errors generally associated with the linearisation of kinetic models.

ZnO nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes via pulsed laser ablation method for degradation of methylene blue dyes

ZnO nanoparticles were generated by laser ablation process in liquid media to decorate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different amounts of ZnO nanoparticles on their tubular surface in just one step for catalytic degradation against methylene blue dye. The amount of decorated ZnO nanoparticles was controlled by optimizing the laser ablation time. Several techniques were used to investigate the nanocomposite structure as optical, structural, and morphological studies showing that the absorbance characteristic peak showed a difference due to the effect of ZnO/carbon nanotubes interaction. Besides, from X-ray diffraction, it was seen that the diffraction patterns were very closely matched to the crystalline peaks of graphite skeleton and ZnO structure. Moreover, the amount of active sites was increased after decoration to confirm the presence of their interaction. Additionally, it was noted that the amount of coating on CNTs with ZnO was increases as the ablation time increases. This research proved that the existence of CNTs playing a vital role in the composite for the enhancement of the catalytic efficiency compared with pristine ZnO. • ZnO-MWCNTs nanocomposite was synthesized by ablation of Zn target in f -MWCNTs. • The as-prepared nanocomposite has a good catalytic activity against MB. • The produced nanocomposite has high distribution without using any surfactant. • The nanocomposites were synthesized via simple one-pot green method. • The nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, Raman, XPS, SEM, UV–vis, FT-IR and PL.

Hierarchical NiCr hydroxide nanospheres with tunable domain boundaries for highly efficient urea electro-oxidation

Nickel hydroxide was a promising catalyst for urea oxidation reaction, but its catalytic activity is still far from satisfactory. Structure engineering is an efficient approach to tailoring the electrical conductivity and the quantities of active sites. Herein, a series of hierarchical NiCr hydroxide nanowire-assembled nanospheres with tunable crystallinity have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effect of Cr content on the structure and the electrochemical properties of NiCr hydroxides has been investigated. The axially aligned nanowires ensure the exposure of active sites; the crystalline/amorphous domain boundaries are intrinsically more active; the amorphous structure improves the electrical conductivity; the incorporation of Cr3+ promotes the charge transfer kinetics. The 10Cr-Ni(OH)2 with the optimized Cr3+ content and domain boundaries shows the best catalytic performance with a reduction of 35 mV in onset potential relative to the α-Ni(OH)2. In addition, the 10Cr-Ni(OH)2 demonstrates good long-term working stability.

Nanoconical active structures prepared by anodization and deoxidation of molybdenum foil and their activity origin

To improve the surface activity of molybdenum (Mo), a method combining anodizing and deoxidizing annealing in a H2 atmosphere has been proposed to prepare nanocone-structured active Mo foils (NCSAMFs) in this paper. The morphology, composition and catalytic properties of the as-prepared NCSAMF were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and electrochemical measurements. Nanoconical structures were generated under a voltage of 20 V for 15 min in the optimized electrolyte, and all the oxygen atoms in the nanoconical structure layer were removed under deoxidation at 650 °C for 3 h in a H2 atmosphere while retaining the nanoconical structure and activity. Compared with the Mo foils treated under different conditions, the NCSAMFs exhibit superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with a low onset overpotential of 123 mV and a Tafel slope of 96 mV dec−1, indicating that the NCSAMFs possess high activity and outstanding long-term stability in acidic media. Therefore, the NCSAMFs prepared in this paper are promising transition metal HER electrocatalysts and serve as active matrix materials for Mo-based materials. In addition, the surface energies of the NCSAMF and the Mo foils without nanotreatment were calculated at the atomic and mesoscopic scales, respectively, to provide more insights into the origin of the studied process, and the calculation results demonstrate that the high activity of NCSAMFs is mainly derived from the increase in Mo crystal surface area with high surface energy caused by the nanotreatment and the corresponding increase in the amount of active sites.

Photo-Degradation Performance for RhB under Visible Light Irradiation

MoS2 is a promising photo-catalyst for the degradation of organic pollution due to its large surface area, low cost, easy preparation, and earth abundance. However, their limited quantity of active sites, high recombination of photo-generated charge, and poor conductivity has hampered the efficiency of photo-degradation. In this work, P heteroatoms were doped into the plane of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets via a facile hydrothermal method, which introduce the new active sites in the inert basal plane of MoS2, improve the separation efficiency of photo-generated charges and help improve the intrinsic electronic conductivity, leading to a significantly improved activity for photo-degradation of RhB.

Fabrication of Composite Material with Pd Nanoparticles and Graphene on Nickel Foam for Its Excellent Electrocatalytic Performance

Incorporation of precious metallic nanoparticles onto a carbon support material is used to obtain an electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation. A composite material of spherical palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and polydopamine (PDA) on three-dimensional nickel foam (NF) substrate (Pd/rGO/PDA@NF) has been synthesized for ethanol electrocatalysis. The Pd nanoparticles were obtained via reduction of precursor K2PdCl4 using ascorbic acid at 60 °C for 80 min. The rGO with large specific surface area was used in catalysts to provide large amounts of active sites for Pd NPs. Meanwhile, Pd NPs as an effective ingredient in catalyst exhibited excellent electrochemical activity of ethanol oxidation. Local surface plasmon resonance was carried out to determine the optimal concentration of precursor K2PdCl4 aqueous solution, and the absorbance peak of Pd NPs was found at about 340–370 nm by UV-visible spectroscopy. An enhanced property of the composite material Pd/rGO/PDA@NF was demonstrated to catalyze the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline electrolyte solution. A higher ratio of forward scan peak current intensity (If) to reverse scan peak current intensity (Ib) was 1.59, which demonstrated the significant anti-poison effect to carbonaceous intermediates of the Pd/rGO/PDA@NF. The value of If can maintain 90.6% after 400 cycles, indicating the higher cycling stability and better electrocatalytic performance toward ethanol oxidation.Graphical Pd/rGO/PDA@NF was synthesized by a simple method with great elecrocatalytic performance and tolerance against carbonaceous intermediate species toward ethanol oxidation.

Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic stearic acid-Yb-PbO2 anode and its application on the electrochemical degradation of naproxen sodium

A novel hydrophobic stearic acid-Yb-PbO2 (SA-Yb-PbO2) electrode with high oxygen evolution overpotential and long service lifetime was successfully fabricated through electrodeposition approach. The characterization of SA-Yb-PbO2 electrode, including surface morphology, elemental components, hydrophobicity, and crystal lattice structure, were performed. The results indicated that stearic acid's adulteration could enhance oxygen evolution overpotential and increase active specific surface area and the amounts of active sites. Then, the hydrophobic electrodes were used as anodes for electrolysis of naproxen sodium. The SA-Yb-PbO2 electrode showed better performance on naproxen sodium degradation than Yb-PbO2 electrode, exhibiting higher removal efficiency, lower energy consumption and higher mineralization current efficiency. Furthermore, the adulteration of stearic acid could greatly promote the stability and reusability of the electrodes for naproxen sodium degradation. The enhancement of electrode performance and oxidation power was related to high oxygen evolution overpotential and strong generation capability of OH caused by electrode's hydrophobic surface. Moreover, the degradation pathway and corresponding byproducts of naproxen sodium were obtained by HPLC and HPLC/MS assay, which revealed that naproxen sodium could be effectively mineralized by hydrophobic SA-Yb-PbO2 anode. These results presented that the organic pollutant wastewater containing naproxen sodium could be effectively decontaminated by electrochemical approach using hydrophobic SA-Yb-PbO2 electrode as anode.

SnO2 nano-crystals anchored on N-doped porous carbon with enhanced lithium storage properties

Sn-based oxides have been considered as promising anode candidates for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but their commercialization is always impeded by severe volume expansion and unsatisfactory electron conductivity. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a novel SnO2/C nanocomposites are devised and fabricated via a 3D-network composite-gel precursors derived from macromolecule polyacrylamide, in which ultrasmall SnO2 nanocrystals (<10 nm) are uniformly confined in the N-doped porous carbon skeleton matrix. To generate suitable carbon coating and inherit the N-doped porous framework, mild heat treatment at 300℃ is used to make the carbonization process moderate, which isconduciveto the formation of ultrafine SnO2 and further strengthen skeleton structure. Such a stable N-doped porous matrix allows the strengths, not only can the integrity of electrode and SnO2 nanoparticles be well maintained, but also the electronic conductivity and the quantity of active sites can be effectively promoted. As a result, this novel microstructure availably gives a reversible capability of 1011.2 mAh/g at 0.2A/g after 160 cycles and delivers a remarkable high-rate lithium storage of 357.8 mAh/g even at 12.8 A/g. Presumably, these findings may present a tactic to provide reasonable guidance for the design of metal oxide-based energy storage functional materials with huge volume variation.

Stabilizing sulfur vacancy defects by performing "click" chemistry of ultrafine palladium to trigger a high-efficiency hydrogen evolution of MoS2.

Defect engineering is widely applied in transition metal dichalcogenides to produce high-purity hydrogen. However, the instability of vacancy states on catalysis still remains a considerable challenge. Here, our first-principles calculations showed that, by optimizing the asymmetric S vacancy in the highly asymmetric 1T' crystal of layered bitransition metal dichalcogenides (Co-MoS2) in light of Pd modulation, the relative amount of metastable phase and the quantity of active sites in the structure can be reduced and increased, respectively, leading to a further boosted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity toward layered bi-transition metal dichalcogenides. Thus, we then used a "click" chemistry strategy to make such a catalyst with engineered unsaturated sulfur edges via a strong coupling effect between ultrafine Pd ensembles and Co-MoS2 nanosheets. As expected, the Pd-modulated Co-MoS2 nanosheets exhibited a very low overpotential of 60 mV at 10 mA cm-2 with a small Tafel slope (56 mV dec-1) for the HER in 1.0 M PBS, comparable to those of commercial Pt/C. In addition, their high HER activity was retained in acidic and alkaline conditions. Both the theoretical and experimental results revealed that Pd ensembles can efficiently activate and stabilize the inert basal plane S sites during HER processes as a result of the formation of Pd-S in Co-MoS2. This work not only provides a deeper understanding of the correlation between defect sites and intrinsic HER catalytic properties for transition metal chalcogenide (TMD)-based catalysts, but also offers new insights into better designing earth-abundant HER catalysts displaying high efficiency and durability.

Selective Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate via Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate with Methanol Catalyzed by Bifunctional Li‐Al Nano‐composite

AbstractA series of binary mixed metal oxides (MMOs) were synthesized by combination of Mn+/Al3+ (Mn+= Li, Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) via co‐precipitation method and screened for transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol. The aim of this study was to understand the role of acid‐base properties of MMOs on the activity and selectivity towards dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis. The MMOs were characterized in detail by XRD, BET, TEM, NH3 and CO2‐TPD techniques. Catalysts synthesized by various combination of Mn+/Al3+ showed different textural and surface properties and the strength of acid‐base sites were also found to be significantly altered. These changes in physicochemical properties significantly affected the PC conversion and selectivity to DMC. Li+ incorporated in Al3+ showed the formation of octahedral α‐LiAlO2 phase having more amounts of active sites (O2−) present on the edges and corner of the structure. This resulted in easy accessibility of active sites and higher activity compared to other catalysts screened. Furthermore the catalyst retained high activity and selectivity for six consecutive recycle experiments; which is highly desirable for large‐scale application.

Ultrathin molybdenum disulfide nanosheet-coated acetylene black: One-pot synthesis and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and its composites are the promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solution because it is earth-abundant and low-cost. Here we reported the ultrathin molybdenum disulfide nanosheet-coated acetylene black (AB) coated (MoS2@AB) as the electrocatalysts for the HER. The catalysts were synthesized in a facile one-pot solvothermal route. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the MoS2 nanosheets on AB have a few layers and many surface defects, which are benefical to the HER catalysis. Electrochemical tests revealed that the existence of AB can't only make the catalyst expose a considerable amount of active sites but also increase the turnover frequency (TOF) value per site. In addition, the MoS2@AB(75) had excellent electro-catalytic HER performances with a low onset potential (−110 mV), a small Tafel slope (50–60 mV per decade) and the longtime stability (10 h).

Hierarchical nanoflake-assembled flower-like NiCo double hydroxide@NiC2O4 microspheres for high-performance supercapacitor

ABSTRACTAssembly of NiCo double hydroxide@NiC2O4 porous microspheres on Ni foam was fabricated by the direct anodisation of nickel foam (NF) and the subsequent electrodeposition of NiCo double hydroxide (NiCo-DH). The obtained Ni foam-supported NiCo-DH@NiC2O4 (NiCo-DH@NiC2O4/NF) was used as the binder-free electrode for electrochemical capacitor (EC). The combination of NiC2O4 and NiCo-DH increases the amount of active sites for redox reactions while the hierarchical porous morphology significantly enhances the diffusion of electrolyte. With Ni foam as 3D conductive substrate and current collector, the electronic conductivity of the electrode material was significantly improved and the diffusion of the electrolyte on the electrode surface was effectively enhanced. NiCo-DH@NiC2O4/NF demonstrates a high areal capacity, a good cycling stability and a good rate capability . In addition, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) assembled with NiCo-DH@NiC2O4/NF as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode exhibited good performance with high energy density and power density.

Alumina-supported cobalt phosphide as a new catalyst for preferential CO oxidation at high temperatures

Novel alumina-supported cobalt phosphide catalysts (designated as CoP-3, CoP-10, CoP-20 and CoP-40) prepared from the precursors with Co loadings of 3, 10, 20 and 40 wt% by H2-temperature-programmed reaction were investigated as potential catalysts for preferential CO oxidation (PROX) in excess H2 at high temperatures. It was found that the catalytic activities of these Co2P/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were related to their Co loadings. The CoP-10 catalyst showed the best PROX performance in temperature range of 220–240 °C, which was attributed to its optimal microstructures (high surface area, small particle size and big amount of active site).

Amination of biorefinery technical lignin by Mannich reaction for preparing highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer.

To develop a novel lignin-based highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer, the amination of the biorefinery technical lignin was conducted by Mannich reaction synergy with phenolation pretreatment. Subsequently, the structural transformations of lignin samples and the reaction mechanism were investigated in detail. The soil column leaching experiment was also performed to research the nitrogen release behavior of aminated lignin in soil. The results indicated that the amounts of active sites in lignin were significantly increased to 8.26 mmol/g from the original 2.91 mmol/g by phenolation. In addition, the Mannich reaction was highly selective for occurring at ortho- and para-positions of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the phenolated lignin, in which the latter was favored. Moreover, the nitrogen content in the aminated lignin was highly depended on the types of amination reagent instead of the proportion of reactants in this study. Under an optimal condition, aminated lignin with a high nitrogen content (10.13%) and low C/N ratio (6.08) could be obtained. Besides, it was especially noteworthy that the prepared APL in this study has a favorable nitrogen release behavior in soil. Thus, it is believed that these aminated lignin derivatives could be used for the preparation of various lignin-based highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer.